2022 Winter Olympics

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"Beijing 2022" redirects here. For the Winter Paralympics, see 2022 Winter Paralympics.

XXIV Olympic Winter Games
Beijing 2022 Olympic official emblem
Host cityBeijing, China
Motto
  • Joyful Rendezvous Upon Pure Ice and Snow
  • (Chinese: 纯洁的冰雪 激情的约会)
[citation needed]
Events109 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
Opening4 February
Closing20 February
Opened by
President Xi Jinping (expected)
StadiumBeijing National Stadium
Winter
← PyeongChang 2018‍
Milano–Cortina 2026 →
Summer
← Tokyo 2020
Paris 2024 →
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2022 Winter Olympics
  • v
  • t

The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (Chinese: 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì) and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (Chinese: 北京2022), is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei province in the People's Republic of China.[1]

Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Beijing 2022 will be the first Winter Olympics to be held in China, the second overall Olympics to be held in China (after Beijing 2008), the fourth Winter Olympics in East Asia (after Sapporo 1972, Nagano 1998 and Pyeongchang 2018) and the last of three consecutive Olympics to take place in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.[a] Beijing will be the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, having previously hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, and it will be the eleventh city to host the Olympic Games twice. China became the third Asian country to host the Winter Olympics after Japan and South Korea. China will become the ninth country to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this will mark the first time since 1992 in which the Winter and Summer Olympics were held less than six months apart from each other. The Games mark the first time since 1994 when two consecutive winter Olympic games will be held in the same continent.

The city project includes the use of four existing indoor venues that were built for the 2008 Summer Olympics, and the Beijing National Stadium (commonly known as the "Bird's Nest") will be used again as the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies.

Bidding[]

Main article: Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics

The bidding calendar was announced by the IOC in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013. The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014 and selected three cities, Oslo (Norway), Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Beijing (China), as the final candidates.

Several Olympic committees withdrew their applications during the bidding process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support and funding for hosting the Games.[3] The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports which had proposed hosting the games in Oslo, which had been considered the clear frontrunner, withdrew after its application to the Norwegian parliament for funding of the proposed Olympics was rejected. Public reception to the Olympic movement's application for funding had been highly negative due to cost concerns after the cost overruns of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, and especially revelations about a series of hospitality-related demands that the IOC had reportedly made. The demands notably included "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. IOC also "demanded control over all advertising space throughout Oslo" to be used exclusively by IOC's sponsors, something that is not possible in Norway because Norway is a liberal democracy where the government doesn't own or control "all advertising space throughout Oslo" much of which is privately owned and has no authority to give a foreign private organization exclusive use of an entire city and private property within it.[4] Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy; Slate described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."[5][6][7][8]

Beijing was selected as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2022 Winter Olympics bidding results
City Nation Votes
Beijing  China 44
Almaty  Kazakhstan 40

Venues[]

Main article: Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
Beijing National Stadium
National Aquatics Center
National Speed Skating Oval

In February 2021, Beijing announced that the 26 venues for these sports would be running on entirely renewable energy.[9]

Olympic Green[]

Five ice events will be held at the Olympic Green, the Capital Indoor Stadium and the Beijing Wukesong Sports Center, which were some of the main venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village – new

Since 2009, the Beijing Olympic Village on the Olympic Green has been occupied by fixed residents. Therefore, there was a need to build a second village on a smaller scale for the Winter Olympics. These new buildings were located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the area of the National Olympic Sports Center.[10]

Other venues

The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events will be held in a new area of urban development in Shijingshan District, a district in the urban area of Beijing.[11]

Yanqing cluster[]

Yanqing District is a suburban district of Beijing. Competitions for luge, bobsleigh and alpine skiing will be held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the West Dazhuangke village[14] of Zhangshanying in Yanqing District, northwest of urban area of Beijing, 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 miles) away from the town of Yanqing, using artificial snow because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.[15][16]

Zhangjiakou cluster[]

All other skiing events will be held in Taizicheng Area in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou city, Hebei province. It is 220 km (140 mi) from downtown Beijing and 130 km (81 mi) away from Xiaohaituo Mountain Area.[17] The ski resort earned over 1.54 billion yuan (US$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 snow season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All venue construction started in November 2016 and will be finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.[18]

Transportation[]

The new Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway opened in late 2019, starting from Beijing North railway station and ending at Zhangjiakou railway station. It is built for speeds of up to 350 km/h (220 mph); travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou has decreased to around 50 minutes.

The Beijing Subway is expected to continue expanding and is projected to reach 781.5 km (485.6 mi) in length by the end of 2021.[19]

A new airport for Beijing and the surrounding region, Beijing Daxing International Airport, opened in 2019. The airport replaced the Beijing Nanyuan Airport and is operated together with the Beijing Capital International Airport.[20]

Budget[]

The estimated budget for the games is US$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the $43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.[21]

Sports[]

The 2022 Winter Olympics are scheduled to include a record 109 events over 15 disciplines in seven sports.

  1. Biathlon
  2. Bobsledding
  3. Curling
  4. Ice hockey
  5. Luge
  6. Skating
  7. Skiing

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.

New events[]

In October 2016, the International Ski Federation (FIS) announced plans to begin sanctioning women's competitions in Nordic combined, with the objective of contesting the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.[22] In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a ski jumping mixed team competition and men's and women's big air in freestyle skiing.[23] At their May 2018 Congress at the Costa Navarino resort in Messenia, Greece, the FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make telemark skiing an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the aerials mixed team event, and several new snowboarding events: the men and women's snowboard cross team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.[24] The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, but were dropped from the Olympic program in 2018 to make way for the snowboarding big air competitions.

The International Luge Federation (FIL) proposed the addition of six new events, including natural track luge (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.[25][26]

The International Skating Union (ISU) continued to campaign for the addition of synchronized skating as a new event within the discipline of figure skating.[27] The ISU also proposed a new mixed team event in short track speed skating.[25]

In biathlon, a single mixed relay was proposed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics.[25] Also, the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) proposed a new team event, but there was no plan to introduce a four-woman bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.[25]

In July 2018, the IOC announced changes to the program for the 2022 Winter Olympics as part of a goal to increase the participation of women, and appeal to younger audiences. Seven new medal events were added (expanding the total program to 109 events), including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's monobob, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[28]

Participating National Olympic Committees[]

In May 2019, the IIHF announced nine nations that had secured Olympic qualification in the men's tournament.[29] As the host nation, China qualified teams automatically, thus making a total of ten teams per event in the curling tournaments.[30]

On 30 May 2019, the first eight countries classified for the men's ice hockey tournament were announced. These countries were the first to confirm that they will send a delegation to Beijing.[31][32][33] On 24 April 2020, the IIHF confirmed the first six countries that qualified for the women's tournament.[34]

On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA plans to allow individually cleared Russian athletes to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they will not be permitted to compete in team sports. The title of the neutral banner has yet to be determined; WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) as it did in 2018, emphasizing that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.[35][36][37] Russia later filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against the WADA decision.[38]

After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on 17 December 2020 to reduce the penalty WADA had placed on Russia. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but for a period of two years, the team cannot use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team." The ruling does allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.[39]

On 19 February 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the Russian Olympic Committee although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. Russia would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[40]

As of 4 July 2021, the following 80 National Olympic Committees have qualified. As of the same date, 4 July 2021, Haiti is scheduled to make the country's Winter Olympic debut after making the debut at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, home of the International Olympic Committee.

hideParticipating National Olympic Committees

Calendar[]

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals EG Exhibition gala CC Closing ceremony
February 2022 2nd
Wed 		3rd
Thu 		4th
Fri 		5th
Sat 		6th
Sun 		7th
Mon 		8th
Tue 		9th
Wed 		10th
Thu 		11th
Fri 		12th
Sat 		13th
Sun 		14th
Mon 		15th
Tue 		16th
Wed 		17th
Thu 		18th
Fri 		19th
Sat 		20th
Sun 		Events
Olympic Rings Icon.svg Ceremonies OC CC N/A
Alpine skiing pictogram.svg Alpine skiing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
Biathlon pictogram.svg Biathlon 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 11
Bobsleigh pictogram.svg Bobsleigh ● 1 1 ● 1 1 4
Cross country skiing pictogram.svg Cross-country skiing 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12
Curling pictogram.svg Curling ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 3
Figure skating pictogram.svg Figure skating ● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 EG 5
Freestyle skiing pictogram.svg Freestyle skiing ● 1 1 ● 1 1 1 ● 2 1 1 1 2 1 13
Ice hockey pictogram.svg Ice hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2
Luge pictogram.svg Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 1 4
Nordic combined pictogram.svg Nordic combined 1 1 1 3
Short track speed skating pictogram.svg 1 2 1 1 2 2 9
Skeleton pictogram.svg Skeleton ● 1 1 2
Ski jumping pictogram.svg Ski jumping 1 1 1 ● 1 1 5
Snowboarding pictogram.svg ● 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ● 2 11
Speed skating pictogram.svg Speed skating 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 14
Daily medal events 0 0 0 6 7 8 10 6 8 6 7 6 6 9 7 6 4 9 4 109
Cumulative total 0 0 0 6 13 21 31 37 45 51 58 64 70 79 86 92 96 105 109
February 2022 2nd
Wed 		3rd
Thu 		4th
Fri 		5th
Sat 		6th
Sun 		7th
Mon 		8th
Tue 		9th
Wed 		10th
Thu 		11th
Fri 		12th
Sat 		13th
Sun 		14th
Mon 		15th
Tue 		16th
Wed 		17th
Thu 		18th
Fri 		19th
Sat 		20th
Sun 		Total events


Marketing[]

Main article: 2022 Winter Olympics marketing

Broadcasting[]

Main article: List of 2022 Winter Olympics broadcasters

In some countries, broadcast rights to the 2022 Winter Olympics are already agreed upon through existing long-term deals. In France and the United Kingdom, these are the first Games where Eurosport will be the main rightsholder; the BBC will sub-license a limited amount of coverage on free-to-air television, as part of a deal in which the BBC sold the pay-TV rights to the 2018 and 2020 Games to Eurosport.[41][42]

In China, domestic rights to these Games are owned by China Central Television (CCTV), with rights being sublicensed by China Mobile's Migu streaming service.[43]

In the United States, these Games will once again be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of its US$7.75 billion contract[44] to air the Olympics through 2032.[45] The 2022 edition of the Super Bowl—championship game of the National Football League (NFL) and historically the most-watched television broadcast in the United States annually—is tentatively scheduled during an ongoing Olympics for the first time in its history. On 13 March 2019, it was announced that NBC had traded 2021's Super Bowl LV to CBS (which, alongside Fox and NBC, alternate airing the Super Bowl on a three-year rotation) in favour of the 2022 games. Holding rights to both events will prevent them from competing for viewership and advertising sales, and also allow NBC to create synergies and advertising packages for them (as it did during Super Bowl LII, which was played prior to the 2018 Winter Olympics and also televised by NBC).[46][47]

Concerns and controversies[]

Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics

Critics questioned the Beijing bid, citing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.[48][49]

The environmental impact of hosting the games near Beijing has been questioned. Some of the proposed venues will be adjacent to the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve and part of the same mountain system; the environmental impact on the nature reserve of construction, as well as artificially covering parts of the mountain with snow, is uncertain.[50][51] The Government of China has responded to these concerns by expanding the nature reserve by 31% of its original size.[52]

Shortly after the announcement of the 2022 host city, some musical critics alleged that the official song used during the bid was "suspiciously" similar to "Let It Go" from the Disney 3D computer animated musical film Frozen.[53][54]

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in qualifying for curling and women's ice hockey due to the cancellation of tournaments in 2020. The World Curling Federation proposed that qualification for curling be based on placement in the 2021 world championships and a dedicated qualification tournament to complete the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 world championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing IIHF World Rankings, without holding the 2020 Women's World Championship.[55][56]

Boycott of the games[]

As with the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics (the first and previous time China hosted the Olympics), there have been calls to boycott the Olympic Games hosted by the People's Republic of China. In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the Xinjiang papers, the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, China's Wolf warrior diplomacy, and the Uyghur genocide, calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.[57][58][59][60][61] In a July 30, 2020 letter, the World Uyghur Congress urged the IOC to reconsider holding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing because of the Uyghur genocide.[62][63] In September 2020, United States Senator Rick Scott spoke with IOC Vice President Anita DeFrantz about reconsidering the IOC's decision to host the 2022 Winter Olympics in China. Scott expressed disappointment that the IOC refused to commit to move the games out of China.[64] In October 2020, British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab suggested the United Kingdom may boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics.[65]

China's use of trade sanctions and economic coercion[66][67] against Australia has led to increased calls within Australia to boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics.[68] In November 2020, Australian Senators Jacqui Lambie and Rex Patrick officially proposed a boycott. Their proposal was later voted down.[68] Some human rights organizations have called for a diplomatic boycott that would mean countries not sending their heads of state or high-ranking officials to the Olympics but still sending athletes.[69] 13 Canadian Members of Parliament signed a letter calling for the games to be moved outside of China. Three party leaders have supported relocation of the games, and one leader even stated that she supported the games to be moved to Canada.[70][71] In February 2021 six more Republican U.S. Senators called for the Games to be moved.[72] Dutch MP Sjoerd Sjoerdsma said the Olympics should also be stripped from China citing the Uyghur genocide.[73] In March 2021 American alpine skier Mikaela Shiffrin said that she should not have to choose between her morals and her job due to the human rights issues raised over the games.[74] In April 2021, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom recommended that U.S. government officials boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics "if the Chinese government's crackdown on religious freedom continues."[75] After the report, Senators Mitt Romney and Tim Kaine added an amendment to a larger China bill calling for a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Olympics, where U.S. officials would not attend but U.S. athletes could still compete.[76] In May 2021, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi also called for a diplomatic boycott.[77] Former U.S. President Donald Trump said a full boycott would be "unfair to athletes."[78]

In February 2021, the Chinese state-run outlet Global Times warned that China would "seriously sanction any country that follows a boycott."[79][80] In March 2021, Chinese spokesperson Guo Weimin stated that any attempt to boycott the Olympics would be doomed to fail.[81] Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also told EU’s foreign policy chief Josep Borrell that they should attend the games to "enhance exchanges on winter sport," and to "foster new highlights" in bilateral cooperation.[73]

The IOC has stated that it remains neutral in all global political issues and that the award of hosting the games does not mean that the IOC agrees with the political structure, social circumstances, or human rights standards in the country it is held in. "We've repeatedly said it: the IOC isn't responsible for the government. It only gives the rights and opportunity for the staging of the Olympic Games. That doesn't mean we agree with all the politics, all the social or human rights issues in the country. And it doesn't mean we approve of all the human rights violations of a person or people," the committee's response to AFP read. The position has generated criticism with Jules Boykoff accusing the IOC of hypocrisy by saying that it ignores its charter that promotes equality and anti-discrimination when it's convenient to do so and that the IOC "has shown an "unfortunate propensity for turning away from human rights atrocities to make sure that the games go on."[73]

See also[]

  • 2022 Winter Paralympics
  • Olympic Games celebrated in China
    • 2008 Summer Olympics – Beijing, the first time China hosted the Olympics
  • Youth Olympic Games celebrated in China
    • 2014 Summer Youth Olympics - Nanjing
  • Asian Winter Games celebrated in China
    • 1996 Winter Asian Games – Harbin
    • 2007 Winter Asian Games – Changchun
  • Winter Universiade celebrated in China

Notes[]

  1. ^ The 2020 Summer Olympics was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[2]
  2. ^ Neutral athletes from Russia, competing under the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee

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External links[]

Preceded by
Pyeongchang 		Winter Olympics
Beijing
XXIV Olympic Winter Games (2022) 		Succeeded by
Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo
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