Aiken, South Carolina

Aiken
City
Aiken County Courthouse
Nickname(s):  The City of Trees
Location of Aiken, South Carolina
Aiken Location of Aiken, South Carolina Aiken Aiken (the United States) Aiken Aiken (North America) Show map of South CarolinaShow map of the United StatesShow map of North AmericaShow all
Coordinates: 33°32′58″N 81°43′14″W / 33.54944°N 81.72056°W / 33.54944; -81.72056Coordinates: 33°32′58″N 81°43′14″W / 33.54944°N 81.72056°W / 33.54944; -81.72056
Country	United States
State	South Carolina
County	Aiken
Incorporated	1835
Government [1][2]
• Type	Council-manager
• Mayor	Tracey Joyce[3]
• City Manager	Stuart Bedenbaugh
Area [4]
• Total	21.04 sq mi (54.49 km2)
• Land	20.91 sq mi (54.15 km2)
• Water	0.13 sq mi (0.34 km2)
Elevation	515 ft (157 m)
Population  (2010)
• Total	29,566
• Estimate  (2019)[7]	30,869
• Density	1,476.42/sq mi (570.06/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes	29801-29805, 29808
Area codes	803, 839
FIPS code	45-00550[5]
GNIS feature ID	1244853[6]
Website	www.cityofaikensc.gov

Aiken is the largest city in, and the county seat of, Aiken County, in western South Carolina, United States.^[8][9] With Augusta, Georgia, it is one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area. It is part of the Augusta-Richmond County Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Founded in 1835, Aiken was named after William Aiken, the president of the South Carolina Railroad. It became part of Aiken County when the county was formed in 1871 from parts of Orangeburg, Lexington, Edgefield, and Barnwell counties.

Aiken is home to the University of South Carolina Aiken. According to 2019 U.S. Census estimates, its population was 30,869.^[10] The National Civic League gave Aiken the All-America City Award in 1997. Aiken was also named "best small town of the South" by Southern Living.^[11]

Geography and climate[]

Aiken is located at

33°32′58″N 81°43′14″W / 33.54944°N 81.72056°W / 33.54944; -81.72056 (33.549397, -81.720689),^[12] near the center of Aiken County. It is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Augusta, Georgia, along U.S. Route 1 and 78. Interstate 20 passes 6 miles (10 km) to the north of the city, with access via South Carolina Highway 19 (Exit 18) and US 1 (Exit 22).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.8 square miles (54.0 km²), of which 20.7 square miles (53.6 km²) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km²), or 0.68%, is water.^[13]

Aiken has a humid subtropical climate characterized by hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters, but experiences milder temperatures throughout the year than the rest of the state. Precipitation is distributed relatively uniformly throughout the year, with mostly rain in the milder months and occasional snow in the winter. The coldest recorded temperature was −4 °F or −20 °C on January 21, 1985 and the hottest 109 °F or 42.8 °C on August 21, 1983.

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1880	1,817		—
1890	2,362		30.0%
1900	3,414		44.5%
1910	3,911		14.6%
1920	4,103		4.9%
1930	6,033		47.0%
1940	6,168		2.2%
1950	7,083		14.8%
1960	11,243		58.7%
1970	13,436		19.5%
1980	14,978		11.5%
1990	19,872		32.7%
2000	25,337		27.5%
2010	29,566		16.7%
2019 (est.)	30,869	[7]	4.4%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census^[5] of 2010, there were 29,524 people and 12,773 households with a population density was 1,416.3 people per square mile (604.6/km²). There were 14,162 housing units at an average density of 703.1 per square mile (271.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.8% White, 28.5% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 10,287 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,100, and the median income for a family was $63,520. Males had a median income of $51,988 versus $28,009 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,129. About 10.1% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.0% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Between 1890 and the 1920s, many Jewish immigrants settled in Aiken. The Jewish immigrants were from Eastern Europe, including Russia and Poland. Many were from Knyszyn, Poland. In 1905, a group of Russian-Jewish socialists from New York founded a farming colony in Aiken County that was known as "Happyville". Adath (Adas) Yeshurun (Congregation of Israel) Synagogue was chartered in Aiken in 1921 and the cornerstone was laid in 1925. An historical marker was added to the synagogue in 2014, sponsored by the Jewish Historical Society of South Carolina.^{[18][19][20][21]}

Government[]

Aiken is governed via a mayor-council system. A mayor is elected at-large. The city council consists of six members. All six members are elected from single member districts.

• Mayor: Rick Osbon
• District 1: Gail Diggs
• District 2: Lessie Price
• District 3: Dick Dewar
• District 4: Ed Girardeau
• District 5: Andrea Neira Gregory
• District 6: Ed Woltz

History[]

The municipality of Aiken was incorporated on December 19, 1835. The community formed around the terminus of the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company, a rail line from Charleston to the Savannah River, and was named for William Aiken, the railroad's first president.

Originally it was in the Edgefield District. With population increases, in 1871 Aiken County was organized, made up of parts of neighboring counties. Among its founding commissioners were three African-American legislators: Prince Rivers; Samuel J. Lee, speaker of the state House and the first black man admitted to the South Carolina Bar; and Charles D. Hayne, a free man of color from one of Charleston's elite families.^[22]

Aiken was a planned town, and many of the streets in the historic district are named for other cities and counties in South Carolina, including Abbeville, Barnwell, Beaufort, Chesterfield, Colleton, Columbia, Dillon, Edgefield, Edisto, Fairfield, Florence, Greenville, Hampton, Horry, Jasper, Kershaw, Lancaster, Laurens, Marion, Marlboro, McCormick, Newberry, Orangeburg, Pendleton, Pickens, Richland, Sumter, Union, Williamsburg and York.

In the late 19th century, Aiken gained fame as a wintering spot for wealthy people from the Northeast. Thomas Hitchcock, Sr. and William C. Whitney established the Aiken Winter Colony. Over the years Aiken became a winter home for many notable people, including George H. Bostwick, James B. Eustis, Madeleine Astor, William Kissam Vanderbilt, Eugene Grace, president of Bethlehem Steel, Allan Pinkerton, and W. Averell Harriman.

Savannah River Plant[]

The United States Atomic Energy Commission's selection of a site near Aiken for a plant to produce fuel for thermonuclear weapons was announced on November 30, 1950. Residences and businesses at Ellenton, South Carolina, were bought for use for the plant site. Residents were moved to New Ellenton, which was constructed about eight miles north, or to neighboring towns.

The site was named the Savannah River Plant, and renamed the Savannah River Site in 1989. The facility contains five production reactors, fuel fabrication facilities, a research laboratory, heavy water production facilities, two fuel reprocessing facilities and tritium recovery facilities.

Historic places[]

• Aiken Golf Club
• Aiken Polo Club
• Aiken Preparatory School
• Aiken Tennis Club
• Hopelands Gardens^[23]
• Old Aiken Post Office^[24]
• Palmetto Golf Club
• Hitchcock Woods
• St. Mary Help of Christians Catholic Church
• Whitehall mansion
• The Aiken Colored Cemetery, Aiken Mile Track, Aiken Training Track, Aiken Winter Colony Historic District I, Aiken Winter Colony Historic District II, Aiken Winter Colony Historic District III, Chancellor James P. Carroll House, Chinaberry, Coker Spring, Court Tennis Building, Crossways, Dawson-Vanderhorst House, Immanuel School, Joye Cottage, Legare-Morgan House, Phelps House, Pickens House, St. Mary Help of Christians Church, St. Thaddeus Episcopal Church, Charles E. Simons, Jr. Federal Court House, Whitehall, and Willcox's are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[25]

Education[]

Schools[]

Colleges and universities[]

• Aiken Technical College
• University of South Carolina at Aiken

Library[]

Aiken has a public library, a branch of the ABBE Regional Library System.^[28]

Steeplechase racing[]

The Aiken Steeplechase Association,^[29] founded in 1930, hosts the Imperial Cup each March and the Holiday Cup in October, both races sanctioned by the National Steeplechase Association. This event draws more than 30,000 spectators.

The Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame and Museum was established in 1977 as a tribute to the famous flat racing and steeplechase thoroughbred horses trained at the Aiken Training Track.^[30]

Other events[]

Aiken hosts many polo matches at its numerous polo fields. Other local events include:

• Aiken Triple Crown
• Aiken's Makin'
• Battle of Aiken Reenactment
• Bluegrass Festival
• Fall Steeplechase
• Hops & Hogs
• The Lobster Races
• Western Carolina State Fair
• The Whiskey Road Race
• Aiken City Limits (ACL)

Attractions[]

• Aiken Center for Arts - Hosts educational classes, fine arts gallery, and exhibition opportunities.
• Aiken County Farmers Market - The oldest food market in South Carolina.
• Aiken County Historical Museum - A living museum, also known as "Banksia" after the banksia rose, displays special exhibits of items from residents.
• Aiken State Park
• Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame and Museum - Displays the area's rich thoroughbred history with memorabilia, photography, and trophies.
• Aiken Visitors Center and Train Museum - The railroad depot is on the second floor and had nine dioramas depicting railroad history.
• Center for African American History, Art and Culture - Hosts special events of African American history.
• DuPont Planetarium and RPSEC Observatory - Provides live presentations of stars, constellation, and visible planets.
• Hitchcock Woods - One of the largest urban forests in the United States, at 2100 acres. Provides hiking, walking and equestrian trails.^[31]
• Juilliard in Aiken - Live artistic performances, classes, lectures, and workshops.
• Redcliffe Plantation State Historic - slaves' and owners' lives depicted.
• Rose Hill Estate - Historic housing for overnight stay, weddings, reunions, meetings, and dinner parties.

Notable people[]

In the late 19th century and the first part of the 20th century, Aiken served as a winter playground for many of the country's wealthiest families, such as the Vanderbilts, Bostwicks, and the Whitneys.

• Lee Atwater (1951–1991), Republican strategist, advisor to Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush; raised in Aiken
• Charles E. Bohlen (1904-1974), U.S. diplomat; raised in Aiken
• George H. Bostwick (1909–1982), court tennis player, steeplechase jockey and horse trainer, eight-goal polo player; "Pete" was grandson of Jabez A. Bostwick, wealthy Standard Oil partner
• Anna Camp, actress, played Sarah Newlin in the HBO series True Blood and Aubrey in the film Pitch Perfect
• Jimmy Carter, boxer, member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame
• Barney Chavous, NFL player for the Denver Broncos
• Corey Chavous, NFL player
• F. Ambrose Clark, equestrian, heir to the Singer Sewing Machine Company fortune
• Robert C. De Large (1842–1874), born in Aiken, U. S. Representative from South Carolina^[32]
• Pam Durban, American novelist and short story writer.
• Matilda Evans, first African-American woman licensed to practice medicine in South Carolina
• Thomas Hitchcock and wife Louise owned a 3,000-acre (12 km²) estate near Aiken where in 1892 he founded the Palmetto Golf Club; in 1916, Louise founded Aiken Preparatory School. They built a steeplechase training center^[33] and in 1939 founded Hitchcock Woods with 1,191 acres of their estate.^[34]
• Tommy Hitchcock, Jr. (1900–1944), son of Thomas and Louise Hitchcock, born in Aiken; polo player; veteran of the Lafayette Escadrille in World War I, killed in World War II.
• Hope Goddard Iselin, wife of Charles Oliver Iselin and original owner of Hopeland Gardens in Aiken
• Kevin Kisner, PGA Tour Golfer
• DeMarcus Lawrence, American football linebacker for the Dallas Cowboys
• Fred L. Lowery, Southern Baptist clergyman, began pastorate at Bethel Baptist Church in Aiken in 1960
• Devereux Milburn, grandson of Charles Steele, a senior partner at J. P. Morgan & Company, a 10-goal polo player and one of what was known as the Big Four in international polo
• Janie L. Mines, First African-American woman to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy (1980)
• Eugene Odum, author of Fundamentals of Ecology, founded Savannah River Ecology Laboratory south of Aiken to study ecological impacts of the nuclear facility
• Michael Dean Perry, former NFL defensive lineman, six-time Pro Bowl selection (1989–91, 93–94, 96), NCAA first-team All-American (1987)
• William Refrigerator Perry, former NFL defensive lineman with Super Bowl XX champion Chicago Bears and 3-time NCAA All-American (1982–1984)
• Frederick H. Prince, financier who purchased William Kissam Vanderbilt's cottage Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island
• Pat Sawilowsky (b. 1930), past president of National Ladies Auxiliary of Jewish War Veterans; her father, Herbert B. Ram,^[35] owned and named Patricia Theater in downtown Aiken after her,^[36] and the companion Rosemary Theater^[37] was named for her sister.^[38]
• Charlie Simpkins, silver medalist, triple jump, 1992 Summer Olympics
• Marion Hartzog Smoak (1916-2020), lawyer, United States diplomat, and South Carolina state senator
• Grace Taylor, gymnast
• Dekoda Watson, athlete, linebacker with San Francisco 49ers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers
• William C. Whitney, helped establish "Winter Colony," a 69-room winter residence
• Paul Wight (Big Show) (b. 1972), professional wrestler and actor, seven-time world champion in wrestling
• Troy Williamson (b. 1983), professional football player
• Gamel Woolsey (1895–1968), writer, coined phrase "pornography of violence" in her Spanish Civil War memoir, Death's Other Kingdom (also published as Malaga Burning), born in Aiken
• Marly Youmans, novelist and poet, born in Aiken

Notes[]

References[]

External links[]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aiken.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aiken, South Carolina.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Aiken.

• Official website
• Greater Aiken Chamber of Commerce
• City of Aiken Historical Marker