Baltic region

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Not to be confused with Balkans.
Baltic Sea and surrounding countries

The terms Baltic Sea Region, Baltic Rim countries (or simply Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, mainly in Northern and Eastern Europe.

Etymology[]

Main article: Baltic (name)

The first to name it the Baltic Sea (Latin: Mare Balticum) was 11th century German chronicler Adam of Bremen.

Denotation[]

Lennart Meri, the President of Estonia, reconstructs the history of Estonia and the Baltic Sea region in his 1976 book Silver White (Estonian: Hõbevalge).[1]

Depending on the context the Baltic Sea Region might stand for:

  • The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden.
  • The group of countries that are members of the inter-governmental Baltic Assembly and Baltic Council of Ministers,[2] and generally referred to by the shorthand, Baltic states:[3][4][5] Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
  • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.[6]
  • Historic East Prussia and the historical lands of Livonia, Courland and Estonia (Swedish Estonia and Russian Estonia).[citation needed]
  • The former Baltic governorates of Imperial Russia: Today's Estonia and Latvia (excluding parts of modern Eastern Latvia that were part of Vitebsk Governorate).[citation needed]
  • The countries on the historical British trade route through the Baltic Sea, i.e. including the Scandinavian Peninsula (Sweden and Norway).[citation needed]
  • Members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS),[7] are the countries[a] with shorelines along the Baltic Sea, in addition to Norway, Iceland and the European Commission.
  • The islands of the Euroregion B7 Baltic Islands Network, which includes the islands and archipelagos Åland (autonomous region of Finland), Bornholm (Denmark), Gotland (Sweden), Hiiumaa (Estonia), Öland (Sweden), Rügen (Germany), and Saaremaa (Estonia).[9]
  • On historic Scandinavian and German maps, the Balticum sometimes includes only the historically or culturally German-dominated lands, or provinces, of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Latgale (corresponding to modern Estonia and Latvia), as well as sometimes Pomerania, Kashubia and East Prussia, while the historically less-Germanized Lithuania is occasionally excluded.[citation needed]
  • In geology, the Baltic Shield includes Fennoscandia, parts of northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea.[10][11]

Notes[]

  1. ^ State members of CBSS: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden.[8]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Postimees: "Medical scientist proves hypothesis set by Lennart Meri".
  2. ^ Republic of Estonia; Republic of Latvia; Republic of Lithuania (1994). Declaration on Unity and Co-operation by the Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania (PDF). Council of Baltic States. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  3. ^ Misiunas, Romuald J; Bater, James H (25 May 2006). "Baltic states". Encyclopedia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  4. ^ Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. "Co-operation among the Baltic States". Republic of Latvia. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  5. ^ Republic of Estonia. "Baltic Cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  6. ^ «The Baltic region includes the Baltic republics and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR "» — Baltic region in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978 (in Russian)
  7. ^ European Commission. "CBSS - Council of Baltic Sea States". knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu. European Union. Retrieved 2 June 2021. The Council of the Baltic Sea States is an overall political forum for regional inter-governmental cooperation. The Members of the Council are the eleven states of the Baltic Sea Region as well as the European Commission.
  8. ^ Council of the Baltic Sea States. "CBSS - About Us".
  9. ^ B7 Steering Committee (8 September 2004). "Charter of the B7" (PDF). B7 Baltic Islands Network. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  10. ^ Dunbar, Moira (2004). "Arctic: Geology". Encyclopaedia Brittanica.
  11. ^ Beckholmen, Monica; Tirén, Sven A (September 2008). "The geological history of the Baltic Sea: A review of the literature and investigation tools". Swedish Radiation Safety Authority - Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten. ISSN 2000-0456. Report number: 2009:21. Retrieved 30 June 2021 – via https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/.

Further reading[]

External links[]

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