CYP27C1
CYP27C1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily C, polypeptide 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP27C1 gene.[3][4]
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.[5]
The main function of the CYP27C1 enzyme is conversion of vitamin A1 (all-trans retinol) to vitamin A2 (all-trans 3,4-dehydroretinal).[6]
Function[]
CYP27C1 catalyzes 3,4-desaturation of retinoids, particularly all-trans-retinol (vitamin A1) to all-trans 3,4-dehydroretinal (vitamin A2). The enzyme is unusual among mammalian P450s in that the predominant oxidation is a desaturation and in that hydroxylation represents only a minor pathway - the enzyme catalyzes 3- and 4-hydroxylation as minor events. The enzyme is located in human skin epidermis.[7]
The function of the enzyme was only discovered in 2016. Before that, it was considered an "orphan" enzyme.[6] An orphan enzyme is an enzyme activity that has been experimentally characterized but for which there is no known amino-acid or nucleotide sequence data.
Popular culture[]
CYP27C1 is the topic of the comic Sherman's lagoon for May 26, 2016.[8] In response to Hawthorne's inquiry about the chemical, Ernest explains that it is an enzyme that enhances ability to see infrared light, allowing fish to see better in murky waters. Ernest can see however that Hawthorne is more interested in how to synthesize it commercially.
References[]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186684 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, et al. (January 2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nature Genetics. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- ^ Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, et al. (October 2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CYP39A1".
- ^ a b Kramlinger VM, Nagy LD, Fujiwara R, Johnson KM, Phan TT, Xiao Y, et al. (May 2016). "Human cytochrome P450 27C1 catalyzes 3,4-desaturation of retinoids". FEBS Letters. 590 (9): 1304–12. doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12167. PMC 4864060. PMID 27059013.
- ^ Johnson KM, Phan TT, Albertolle ME, Guengerich FP (August 2017). "trans-retinol to 3,4-dehydroretinol". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 292 (33): 13672–13687. doi:10.1074/jbc.M116.773937. PMC 5566523. PMID 28701464.
- ^ Jim Toomey (May 26, 2016). "Sherman's lagoon".
Further reading[]
- Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW (January 2004). "Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001. PMID 15128046.
External links[]
- Human CYP27C1 genome location and CYP27C1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
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