Casualties of the Tigray War

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Beriha, 15, was shot on her face by an unknown sniper. She lost her left eye and is blind in the right eye, in Mekelle, Tigray, June 4, 2021
One of the numerous mass graves of civilian victims in Tigray, massacred by ENDF and allied forces

Casualties of the Tigray War refers to civilian and military deaths and injuries in the Tigray War that started in November 2020, in which rape and other sexual violence are also widespread.[1][2][3] Claims of civilian deaths range from zero civilians killed in the late November Mekelle offensive, according to federal Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed on 30 November 2020 parliamentary statement,[4] to a minimum estimate of at least 52,000 civilians killed by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF), Amhara militias, and other forces allied with the ENDF as of early February 2021, according to Tigrayan opposition political parties.[5] On 16 February 2021, Getachew Reda of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) estimated that 100,000 soldiers had died in the Tigray War,[6] while the Ethiopian government claims that 1,245 Ethiopian soldiers died in the Tigray war (although the casualties of the Ethiopian army were reported higher than that, reaching nearly 2,000 dead) and 2 aircraft belonging to the Ethiopian Air Force were destroyed not to mention the Ethiopian economic losses itself. [1]

Total deaths[]

Total deaths
Sources Civilians TPLF ENDF/EDF Total Time period
Abiy Ahmed and ENDF[7][8] 0 550 32 582 4 November – 9 February 2021; 4 November – 11 November; 4 November
Tigray opposition parties[5] Lower estimate of at least 52,000 Lower estimate of at least 52,000 4 November – 2 February 2021
Tghat[9] 1,124 dead civilians listed by name 1,124 dead civilians listed by name 10 November – 11 February 2021
TPLF[10][11] 224 224 30 December – 5 January 2021
100,000[12] 4 November – 16 February 2021
Other sources[n 1][13] 2,316 – 2,886 2,408 – 2,978 9 November – 10 January 2021

Civilian deaths[]

Mass graves in Maikadra and funeral services

As of 2 February 2021, the casualty recording website Tghat listed details of 1037 victims.[9]

As of 2 February 2021, the highest estimate of civilian deaths in the Tigray War is that stated by three of the opposition parties of the 2020 Tigray regional election, National Congress of Great Tigray, Tigray Independence Party and Salsay Woyane Tigray, who were allocated 15 seats in September 2020, prior to the war.[14] The three parties' February 2021 statement (published 2 February) estimated that at least 52,000 civilians had been killed by the ENDF, the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF), Amhara militias, and other forces allied with the ENDF.[5] Hailu Kebede, head of foreign affairs in Salsay Woyane Tigray, stated that the three parties' data collection method was to try to register data from witnesses in every administrative area in Tigray Region. He stated that "thousands" of names were already recorded.[7]

To the contrary, after controlling Kobo in the Amhara Region, the Tigray Defense Forces did not harm the civilian population.[15]

On 30 April 2021, in a project by Ghent University, they documented 7819 civilian deaths over the course of the war.[16]

Murders and massacres[]

One of the civilian victims of the Togoga airstrike

Multiple reports were made of extrajudicial and summary executions of civilians starting in November during the Tigray War.[17][18][19] The perpetrators often recorded the killings as photos or films.[20]

Executions of civilians in the Tigray War
Date Place Number Perpetrators Sources Notes
4-10 November 2020 Shiglil at least 7 Amhara militia, Fano [21][16]
9-10 November 2020 Humera 54 ENDF, Amhara militia, Fano [22][23][24] related: EHRC report[13]
5-19 November 2020 Dansha 25 Amhara militia, Fano [13][25] killing spree targeting Tigrayan seasonal farm labourers and petty traders
9–10 November 2020 Mai Kadra 600[17] or 1100[18] Samri kebele youths[26][17][18] or Amhara militias[27][28][29] victim ethnicity and perpetrators disputed
11 November 2020 Sheraro 20 ENDF [25][30] ENDF shot at anyone encountered in the street, fortunately most inhabitants had fled
12–18 November 2020 Addi Hageray 75 ENDF (12 Nov), EDF (12–18 Nov) [31] List includes 55 individuals or small groups, most with names and ages
13 November 2020 Tshafti 9-16 ENDF [16]
13-17 November 2020 Zalambessa 59-72 EDF [19][32][33] killed at home
14–17 November 2020 Bisober 27 ENDF [34][35] Shelling and house-to-house search
17 November 2020 Shire 200 EDF [16][36] Elders say people were "slaughtered like chicken"
17 November - end December 2020 Shimelba >117 EDF [37][16] 4 victims identified; all belong to the Kunama ethnic group
18-19 November 2020 Selekhlekha and Addi Dekiamalek 45 ENDF [16]
19 November 2020 Wukro Maray 25 EDF [16]
c. 19 November 2020 Hitsats 300 TPLF or EDF [38] perpetrators disputed. EEPA claims 300 Eritrean refugees executed by EDF, some refugees claim local Tigrayan militia, Ethiopia claims TPLF; five humanitarian workers killed in battle[39][40][41]
20 November 2020 Adwa 31 EDF [16]
21 November 2020 Idaga Hamus 24 EDF [42] after capture of town
c. 21 November 2020 Adigrat 12 EDF [42][43] after capture of town
24 November 2020 Igri Karan near Negash 19 EDF [25] revenge on civilians
25 November 2020 Adigrat 8–15 EDF [19] at Addis Pharmaceutical Factory
25 November 2020 Hawzen 8 EDF [19] at home
26 November 2020 Megab 22 EDF, ENDF [16][25] killing spree affecting Megab and nearby Koraro
26 November 2020 Qoraro 5 EDF, ENDF [16][25]
26 November 2020 Berakit 7 EDF, ENDF [16][25]
27-28 November 2020 Wukro 220 EDF, ENDF [44][25] killing spree accompanying the massive looting of the town
28–29 November 2020 Aksum 750 EDF initial body counts;[19][45][46] in-depth[47][48] Daily killings preceded and followed the main massacre.
30 November 2020 Dengelat 80–150 EDF [19][49][50] at Maryam Dengelat church
late November/early December 2020 Irob 52 [51] 50 men, 2 women
1 December 2020 Hawzen 5 ENDF, EDF [16]
1 December 2020 Mekelle 27 ENDF [52]
2 December 2020 Gu'iguna (near Idaga Hamus) 17 EDF [53] forced to help loot Goda factory; 19 named[25]
2 December 2020 Bizet 8 EDF [25] killed while protecting properties from being looted by Eritrean soldiers; 8 named
1–14 December 2020 Tokot village near Idaga Hamus 13 EDF [19] boys aged 12–15 (this might be redundant with Gu'iguna, 2 Dec)
4–5 December 2020 Hagere Selam 60 ENDF, EDF [19]
4–7 December 2020 Ziban Gedena 150-300 EDF [16][54] Also: 150 houses burnt, 90% of livestock killed, harvests burnt and stolen
6 December 2020 Begasheka 92 ENDF, EDF [16]
13 December 2020 Kola Tembien 20 ENDF [55] Soldiers kept terrorising civilians in Tembien in an effort to get the location of the leader of the TPLF.
December 2020 Imbaseneyti >112 EDF, ENDF [56][25] 112 victims identified, total number is larger
14 December 2020 Ala'isa and surroundings 30 EDF [19]
c. 20 December 2020 Gulsha near Digum 27 EDF, ENDF [25][16] 19 victims identified
c. 23 December 2020 Hawzen up to 70 EDF [57] 70 bodies recognised by witness
30 December 2020 Wukro 12 EDF, ENDF [16]
30 December 2020 Gijet 21 ENDF [16] Mainly by shelling
31 December 2020 Midri Hamsho at least 6 ENDF [25][16] Shelling of a remote village; 6 victims known
5 January 2021 Gu'itelo 45 EDF [25][58][59] at Medhane-Alem church
5 January 2021 Ba'ati Akor 10 ENDF, EDF [25]
Early January 2021 May Kado 13 EDF [16][60] All victims belong to one extensive family
5–6 January 2021 Debre Abbay 40-80 ENDF, EDF [61][62] aftermath video[63]
8 January 2021 Bora 187 ENDF [64][65] Killing spree after a battle with TDF
9 January 2021 Kelawlo 15 EDF [25][16] 6 victims identified
11 January 2021 Debano, Kayeh Tehli 30 Amhara militias [66] 30 victims known personally to witness Kibrom Hadush.
mid-January 2021 Mahbere Dego 50–74 ENDF (Amharic speaking) [67][68] People were executed and thrown off a cliff, according to geolocated video evidence.
19 January 2021 Addi Gabat 29 EDF [16]
23 January 2021 Hawzen 30 ENDF, EDF [16]
29 January 2021 Milakua near Aksum 9 EDF [16][25] participants in a traditional betrothal ceremony
29 January 2021 Hareko near Hintalo 19 EDF [16][25] Victims were killed inside St. Mary's church of Hareko
29 or 30 January 2021 Simret near Hawzen 48 EDF and ENDF [16][25] Killing spree after battle with TDF
January 2021 Irob 30 Coptic priests, 100 children, 50 women ENDF, EDF (50 women) [69]
1 February 2021 Awulo 24 EDF [70] killed in revenge for unsuccessful search for TDF fighters
5 February 2021 Adi Hutsa 45 ENDF [16]
8-14 February 2021 Hawzen 11 EDF, ENDF [16]
10 February 2021 Wukro 18 EDF [71] killed in street protests
10 February 2021 Kola Tembien 182 ENDF, EDF [72] house-to-house killing; access to bodies permitted on 15 Feb, by which time many were partially eaten by wildlife
10 February 2021 Adi Awso, Samre woreda 5 [16]
13 February 2021 Addi Esher 20 EDF and ENDF [16]
few days before 14 February 2021 Adwa + Shire 30 [71] killed in street protests
15 February 2021 Addi Geba 14 EDF [16][73][74]
c. 19 February 2021 Khisret, Gijet 100+ ENDF [75]
23 February 2021 May Weyni, near Gijet 80 EDF & ENDF [76]
23 February 2021 Cheli 180 ENDF, EDF [76]
24-27 February 2021 May Kinetal 263 EDF [16][73][74]
25 February 2021 Gijet 120 EDF & ENDF [76] Gijet being the district capital, this number could be redundant with earlier tallies in the district.
27 February 2021 Addi Geba (Central Tigray) 39 EDF [16][73][74]
c. late February – 2 March 2021 Humera 250 Amhara militias [77]
late February 2021 Unknown 6 Unknown [78] Six men were killed somewhere in Tigray.
3 March 2021 Zamr 7 EDF [16]
5 March 2021 Finarwa 5 EDF [16]
5 March 2021 Berezba 16 EDF and ENDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Esret 17 ENDF + EDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Hintsa 5 ENDF + EDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Mariam Meko 5 ENDF + EDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Keshi 33 ENDF + EDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Nebar Haddinnet 6 ENDF + EDF [16]
8-14 March 2021 Weyn 29 ENDF + EDF [16]
10 March 2021 May Ma'ido 5 killed and 15 wounded ENDF or EDF [25] Airstrike on a wedding ceremony
11 March 2021 Enkikumel, near Shire 100+ ENDF/EDF [79][80] Reports suggest that ENDF/EDF soldiers went door to door and kidnapped civilians in order to force militias to give up their weapons and surrender. Once the militias surrendered, they and the remaining hostages were all executed. All victims were reportedly young men.
14 March 2021 Wukro 3-5 ENDF [81] retaliation for attacks by TDF
Early March 2021 Wukro 5 Unknown [82] 5 men were executed in the near Wukro.
Early March 2021 Wukro 3 Unknown [83] 3 men were executed in the countryside of Wukro.
Early March 2021 Saharti Samre 16 Unknown [84] 16 People were executed in Saharti Samre then dumped into a ditch.
14 March 2021 Gijet 123 ENDF + EDF [16]
23 March 2021 Inda Teka Tesfay, along the road between Mekelle and Adigrat 4-26 ENDF [85][86] Médecins Sans Frontières staff observed the arbitrary execution of at least four men by the ENDF. They were dragged out of a public bus and then subsequently executed; local people put the number of victims at 26.
24 March 2021 Grizana, near Samre 11-18 EDF [87][88][89]
30 March - 3 April 2021 Selekhlekha 39 EDF [16]
30 March - 5 April 2021 Wukro Maray c. 161 EDF & ENDF [16][90] As revenge for lost battles
1 April 2021 Addi Berik 10 ENDF [25][16]
1 or 3 April 2021 May Atsmi, Tisha and Haddush Addi, Tahtay Maychew district around 140 EDF [91][16][90] As revenge for lost battles
(4 April 2021) (Amhara region) (6) (Unknown. Possibly ENDF, Amhara special forces or Oromia special forces( [92]
5 April 2021 May Kado near Hawzen 30 EDF [93] 8 victims identified
(5 April 2021) (Haruka kebele, Afar Region) (30+) (Somali Regional State special forces) [94]
6 April 2021 Indafelasi (Maykinetal) district, central Tigray 125 ENDF and EDF [95][16][73][74]
8 April 2021 Freweyni town, Eastern Tigray. 7 EDF [90]
8 April 2021 Hawzen, Eastern Tigray. 30+ EDF [90]
8 April 2021 Around Wukro Maray, between Shire and Axum 200+ ENDF and EDF [90]
11 April 2021 May Haidi 10-12 ENDF [25][16] The men were stoned to death by the soldiers; they had been carrying a young mother to hospital
12 April 2021 Adwa, Central Tigray 5 EDF [96]
12 April 2021 village near Axum 11 presumably EDF [96]
12 April 2021 Higumburda, Southern Tigray 15 Amhara militias and ENDF [96]
c. 12 April 2021 Wukro Maray town near Aksum 300+ EDF [96]
20 April 2021 Idaga Hibret, Asgede 20 EDF [16][97] EEPA reports this massacre by date of 29 Apr
22 April 2021 Gira Aras, Hawzen 12 ENDF [16]
27 April 2021 Debre Genet, Adet 13 EDF [16]
27 April 2021 Jijiqe, Abergele 20 EDF & ENDF [25][16]
30 April 2021 (Bure, Amhara and Danchu Kebelle) 21 unknown [97] During the attacks, some civilians had reportedly been burnt alive.
30 April 2021 Megab near Hawzen 5 EDF [25][16]
8 May 2021 Guh village, Hawzien, Eastern Tigray 19 EDF [98][99]
12 June 2021 Menji and Guyya villages near the town of

Abi-Adi Tembien.

16 EDF and ENDF [100] Reports indicate that cluster bombs and phosphorus gas was used in the shelling of both villages.
22 June 2021 Togoga village 50-80 ENDF [101] 50-80 civilians were killed in an airstrike on the village's market area. Reports indicate that the ENDF blocked ambulances from attending to the dead and wounded in the village, possibly increasing the casualty toll.
17-19 July 2021 Yalo 20 TDF or ENDF [102] Victims of shelling
c. 2 August 2021 Humera and elsewhere along the Tekezé River 50-95 EDF or Amhara militias [103] The victims had been shot with their hands tied.
4 August 2021 Wurgessa 28 Amhara militias [104] Victims were Tigrayans residents of Woldia town and had been detained there since a week. When transported south, at the Wurgessa check point, they were brutally killed by the Amhara youth vigilante group called fano (militia)
5 August 2021 Galikoma, Afar Region 12 TDF or ENDF [105]
15 August 2021 Humera and along the Tekezé River c.150 ENDF or Amhara militias [106] Bodies in the Tekezé River were found with their hands bound and fatal gunshot wounds.

Military deaths[]

Samwarit, 4, lies on her hospital bed recovering from knife wounds in her leg and a gunshot in her hand, according to her father, in Mekelle, Tigray, June 4, 2021.

An ENDF soldier present at the attack on the Adigrat base of the ENDF Northern Command during the 4 November Northern Command attacks, Bulcha, stated to BBC News that there were 32 ENDF fatalities and 100 TPLF fatalities.[8]

Based on its 14–18 November 2020 visit and a visit starting 10 January 2021 to the Tigray Region, the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) reported a Humera hospital employee's count of the war deaths as 92, including military (ENDF and TPLF) and civilian deaths.[13]

An estimated 760 troops (ENDF and TPLF) were killed during fighting in the Raya region.[107]

The TPLF claimed on 24 November to have killed thousands of ENDF and Eritrean in three fronts: Adwa, Idagahamus and Ray-Mokoni. They also claimed to have killed almost an entire Ethiopian division during fighting at Raya.[108] This division is the 21st mechanised division.[109]

On 7 December heavy fighting broke out between AMISOM troops and Ethiopian troops in Hiran region, Somalia, when Ethiopian troops tried to disarm Tigrayan troops. In total 21 Tigrayan soldiers and 20 Ethiopian soldiers were killed.[110]

Notes[]

  1. ^ See Civilian Executions

References[]

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