Chrastava

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Chrastava
Town
Town hall on 1. máje Square
Town hall on 1. máje Square
Flag of Chrastava
Flag
Coat of arms of Chrastava
Coat of arms
Chrastava is located in Czech Republic
Chrastava
Chrastava
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°49′1″N 14°58′8″E / 50.81694°N 14.96889°E / 50.81694; 14.96889Coordinates: 50°49′1″N 14°58′8″E / 50.81694°N 14.96889°E / 50.81694; 14.96889
Country Czech Republic
RegionLiberec
DistrictLiberec
First mentioned1352
Government
 • MayorMichael Canov (SLK)
Area
 • Total27.46 km2 (10.60 sq mi)
Elevation
295 m (968 ft)
Population
 (2021-01-01)[1]
 • Total6,279
 • Density230/km2 (590/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
463 31
Websitewww.chrastava.cz

Chrastava (Czech pronunciation: [ˈxrastava]; German: Kratzau) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,300 inhabitants.

Administrative parts[]

Chrastava is made up of town parts of Chrastava, Dolní Chrastava and Horní Chrastava, and of villages of Andělská Hora, Dolní Vítkov, Horní Vítkov, Víska and Vysoká.

Geography[]

Chrastava lies about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of the regional capital Liberec. The town is situated on the Jeřice brook near to its confluence with the Lusatian Neisse. Chrastava is surrounded by hills of the Ještěd Mountains and more distant Jizera Mountains.

History[]

Chrastava in the second half of the 18th century
Chrastava in about 1900
Church of Saint Laurentius

The first written mention of Chrastava is from 1352 as Craczauia, already referred to as quite big settlement. It was founded probably in the end of the 13th century by German settlers, having been invited by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. They came mainly from the town Pirna in Saxony.[2]

Chrastava, then known mostly by the German name Kratzau, was occupied by the Hussites who use the town as a base for expeditions into Lusatia during the Hussite Wars. Kratzau was governed by the Habsburg Monarchy after Bohemia was inherited by the Austrian Habsburgs in 1526. It received town rights in 1527.

The town became a mining centre in 15th and 16th century, in particularly in copper, tin, lead, iron and silver mining.[2] Two small mining towns, Andělská Hora and Panenská Hůrka, were established by the miners more closely to the metal veins.

After the mines were abandoned, many of the people were forced to find a new kind of livelihood. Therefore, they started to produce cloth on a loom in many houses in the town. During the 19th century the handicraft industry succumbed to mass production by many textile manufactures that had been built in the town. During the second half of the 19th century Kratzau became famous also for its production of organs and other musical instruments which were exported abroad (e.g. company).

Kratzau became part of Czechoslovakia after the collapse of Austria-Hungary from World War I and was officially renamed Chrastava. The town was almost entirely ethnic German, however, and was ceded to Nazi Germany along with the rest of the Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement in 1938.

In 1943, during World War II, two forced labor camps were set up in the area by Organization Schmelt. These camps provided workers for the Tannwald Textile Works and an ammunition factory (Deutsche Industriewerke AG) that produced hand grenades and other military material for the armed forces of Germany. The camps became subcamps of Gross-Rosen in October 1944. Female prisoners were transported to Kratzau from Auschwitz, as well as from other Gross-Rosen subcamps that were being evacuated. By then the subcamps included Polish, Czech, French, Belgian, Dutch and Danish women.[3]

As more women arrived from the evacuated Gross-Rosen subcamps conditions at Kratzau worsened. Zenon Lis, who was a child at the time, has said the food at Kratzau was "poor and varied at different times: black coffee, dry bread, rutabaga soup, a potato on rare occasions, and a piece of liverwurst on exceptional ones". Joseph Mengele is known to have visited Kratzau three times between October 1944 and March 1945 to conduct a "selection"; after each of these visits the selected women were sent to a subcamp in Zittau.[3]

After the German population was expelled in 1945–1947, Chrastava was resettled mainly by Czechs.

Demography[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18696,680—    
18806,814+2.0%
18906,781−0.5%
19006,983+3.0%
19107,671+9.9%
YearPop.±%
19216,996−8.8%
19307,264+3.8%
19504,654−35.9%
19614,807+3.3%
19704,900+1.9%
YearPop.±%
19805,200+6.1%
19915,597+7.6%
20015,944+6.2%
20116,013+1.2%
20216,279+4.4%
Source: Historical lexicon of municipalities of the Czech Republic[4]

Notable people[]

Twin towns – sister cities[]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Chrastava is twinned with:[6]

References[]

  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Město: Historie města" (in Czech). Město Chrastava. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945: pt. A. The early National Socialist concentration camps. Introduction to the early camps. Indiana University Press. pp. 754–756. ISBN 978-0-253-35429-7.
  4. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Liberec" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 7–8.
  5. ^ "Körner Theodor | Městské Informační Centrum města Hranice". mic.hranet.cz. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
  6. ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Chrastava. Retrieved 2019-08-28.

External links[]


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