Claoxylon

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Claoxylon
Starr 051217-5747 Claoxylon sandwicense.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe:
Genus: Claoxylon
A.Juss.
Type species
Claoxylon parviflorum
Synonyms[1]
  • Erythrochilus Reinw. ex Blume
  • Erythrochylus Reinw. ex Blume, spelling variant
  • Quadrasia Elmer

Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824.[2][1] The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a -like phylogeny.[3][4]

The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).

Species[1]
  1. - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
  2. - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  3. - Philippines
  4. - Bismarck Archipelago
  5. - Queensland
  6. - Western Ghats of SW India
  7. - Philippines
  8. - Sabah
  9. Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales
  10. - Papua New Guinea
  11. - Vanuatu
  12. - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi
  13. - Papua New Guinea, Flores
  14. - Kalimantan Timur
  15. - Caroline Islands
  16. - Papua New Guinea
  17. - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
  18. - Sumbawa
  19. - Rapa-Iti
  20. - Papua New Guinea
  21. - Philippines
  22. - Philippines
  23. - Western New Guinea
  24. - Madagascar
  25. - Réunion
  26. - Fiji
  27. - Philippines
  28. - E Indonesia
  29. - Philippines
  30. - Bougainville
  31. - Fiji, Tonga
  32. - Madagascar
  33. - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi
  34. - Vanuatu
  35. - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  36. - Mauritius
  37. - D'Entrecasteaux Islands
  38. † - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct
  39. - Bougainville
  40. - Hainan
  41. - New Guinea, N Australia
  42. - Kalimantan Timur
  43. - Sarawak
  44. - Madagascar
  45. Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island
  46. - Sarawak
  47. - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
  48. - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands
  49. - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam
  50. - Sabah
  51. - S Thailand, Perak
  52. - Taiwan
  53. - Sarawak
  54. - Papua New Guinea
  55. - Mauritius
  56. Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands
  57. - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
  58. - Palau
  59. - New Guinea
  60. - Mauritius, Madagascar
  61. - Madagascar
  62. - Mariana Islands
  63. - Madagascar
  64. - Papua New Guinea
  65. - Madagascar
  66. - Papua New Guinea
  67. - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji
  68. - Papua New Guinea
  69. - Bougainville
  70. - Papua New Guinea
  71. - Philippines
  72. - Thailand
  73. - Nuku Hiva
  74. - Papua New Guinea
  75. - Réunion, Rodrigues Island
  76. - Papua New Guinea
  77. - Madagascar
  78. - Sumatra
  79. - Papua New Guinea
  80. - Papua New Guinea
  81. - Sabah
  82. - Kalimantan Timur
  83. - Vanuatu
  84. - Philippines
  85. - Philippines, Sulawesi
  86. - Thailand
  87. - Réunion
  88. - Madagascar
  89. - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
  90. - Lombok, Philippines
  91. - Luzon
  92. - Sabah
  93. - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands
  94. - Samoa
  95. - Santa Cruz Islands
  96. - Hawaii
  97. - Sulawesi
  98. - New Guinea
  99. - Réunion
  100. - Philippines
  101. - Sarawak, Sabah
  102. - Sabah
  103. - Vietnam, Yunnan
  104. - Philippines
  105. - Society Islands
  106. - Queensland
  107. - Aceh
  108. - West New Guinea
  109. - Madagascar
  110. - Kalimantan Timur
  111. - Fiji
  112. - Peninsular Malaysia
  113. - Sulawesi
  114. - Kalimantan Selatan
Formerly included[1]

moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)

  1. C. africanum -
  2. C. angolense -
  3. C. atrovirens -
  4. C. bakerianum -
  5. C. barteri -
  6. C. beddomei -
  7. C. capense -
  8. C. chevalieri -
  9. C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
  10. C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
  11. C. deflersii -
  12. C. dewevrei -
  13. C. digynum -
  14. C. flaccidum -
  15. C. hexandrum -
  16. C. hirsutum - var. hirsuta
  17. C. hirtellum -
  18. C. hispidum -
  19. C. holstii -
  20. C. humblotianum -
  21. C. inaequilaterum -
  22. C. kirkii -
  23. C. lancifolium -
  24. C. lasiococcum -
  25. C. leucocarpum -
  26. C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 -
  27. C. luteobrunneum -
  28. C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 -
  29. C. mannii -
  30. C. membranaceum -
  31. C. menyharthii -
  32. C. mercurialis -
  33. C. mildbraedii -
  34. C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
  35. C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
  36. C. neraudianum -
  37. C. occidentale -
  38. C. oleraceum -
  39. C. oligandrum -
  40. C. ovale -
  41. C. patulum -
  42. C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 -
  43. C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 -
  44. C. poggei -
  45. C. polyandrum -
  46. C. preussii -
  47. C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
  48. C. reticulatum -
  49. C. rivulare -
  50. C. schweinfurthii -
  51. C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
  52. C. spiciflorum -
  53. C. stipulosum -
  54. C. trichogyne -
  55. C. triste -
  56. C. virens -
  57. C. volkensii -
  58. C. welwitschianum -
  59. C. wightii -

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 43, pl. 14, f. 43
  3. ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. ^ Forster, P.I. (2007). A taxonomic revision of Claoxylon A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 7: 451-472.
  • Kabouw, Patrick; Peter C. van Welzen; Pieter Baas; Bertie J. van Heuven (2008). "Styloid crystals in Claoxylon (Euphorbiaceae) and allies (Claoxylinae) with notes on leaf anatomy". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 445–457. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00757.x. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09.
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