Colubroidea

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Colubroidea
Pantherophis alleghaniensis ssp. quadrivittata 03.JPG
Eastern ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Clade: Colubroides
Superfamily: Colubroidea
Oppel, 1811
Families

Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that include Colubridae and a few other related families. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families.[1][2][3][4] Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids.[1]

Classification[]

Phylogeny[1][2][3][4]

Colubroidea
Colubridae
 
 

Grayiinae

 
 

Calamariinae

 
 
 
 

Ahaetuliinae

 
 

Colubrinae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sibynophiidae

 
 

Natricidae

 
 
 
 

Pseudoxenodontidae

 
 
Dipsadidae
 

 
 
 

Xenodontinae

 
 

Dipsadinae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Families and Subfamilies[1][2][3][4]

Unknown Genera incertae sedis (not currently placed in a family, usually because of the absence of genetic data, but suspected to be colubroids based on morphology)

Fossil Colubroidea[]

North America[]

Mexico
Colubroidea is located in Mexico
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
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Locations of Colubroidea fossil finds in Mexico
White pog.svg
Yellow ffff80 pog.svg Goleta Formation#
Yellow pog.svg Las Tunas Wash; Jeffries Site
Find NALMA Formation Notes Refs
Colubrinae indet. Pleistocene Described from Cueva de Abra Travertine in by W. W. Dalquest and E. Roth. 1970. Late Pleistocene mammals from a cave in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 15(2):217-230 [5]
?Pituophis sp. Blancan Described from Las Tunas Wash; Jeffries Site in by W. E. Miller. 1980. The Late Pliocene Las Tunas Local Fauna from Southernmost Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 54(4):762-805 [6]
Blancan Goleta Described from locality in by C. A. Repenning. 1962. The Giant Ground Squirrel Paenemarmota. Journal of Paleontology 36(3):540-556 [7]

South America[]

Colubroidea is located in South America
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
Colubroidea
class=notpageimage|
Locations of Colubroidea fossil finds in South America
White pog.svg Pleisto-Holocene ages
Yellow ffff80 pog.svg Pliocene ages
Yellow pog.svg Miocene ages
Legend
Find SALMA Basin Formation Country Notes Refs
"Colubroidea sp." sic Laventan Villavieja  Colombia Described from same Los Mangos Fishbed in Huila; Colombophis portai and Eunectes stirtoni by R. Hoffstetter and J.-C. Rage. 1977. Le gisement de vertébrés Miocènes de La Venta (Colombie) et sa faune de serpents. Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébrés) 63(2):161-190 [8]
indet. ChasicoanMayoanLaventan Solimões  Brazil Described from Talismã, upper Purus River locality in ; the snakes Colombophis spinosus, aff. Epicrates sp., Eunectes sp. , the turtle Chelonoidis sp., crocodylians Acresuchus pachytemporalis and Caiman brevirostris, lizard cf. Paradracaena sp., and many mammals by Cozzuol, Mario Alberto. 2006. The Acre vertebrate fauna: Age, diversity, and geography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21. 185–203. Accessed 2017-08-15. [9]
Colubrinae indet. Holocene  Bolivia Described from 2 locality in Chuquisaca; snakes Tupinambis teguixin, Boidae indet., Crotalidae indet., turtles, frogs Leptodactylus cf. ocellatus, Bufo cf. paracnemis, birds Crypturellus tataupa, , , Platalea ajaja, Rhea cf. americana, Anas sp., Coccyzus sp., Dendrocygna sp., Jacana sp., Nyctibius sp., Platalea sp., cf. Rhynchotus sp., Columbidae indet., Falconidae indet., Passeriformes indet., Rallidae indet., fossils of , , and Leposternon sp., and many mammals including Homo sapiens by Marshall, Larry G., and Thierry Sempere. 1991. The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 631–652. Accessed 2017-08-15. [10]
indet. Chapadmalalan Sierras de Córdoba  Argentina Described from Valle de Traslasierra - Paso del Río Arriba and Pedernara Cliffs locality in Córdoba; with Rhinella cf. arenarum, R. cf. spinulosa, Teius sp., ?Liolaemus sp., Iguanidae indet. and the mammals and Echimyidae indet. by L. E. Cruz, J. C. Fernicola, and C. A. Carignano. 2018. New Vertebrates of the Brochero Formation (Córdoba, Argentina): A Review of the Pliocene of Central Argentina. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25:315-326 [11]
indet. Chasicoan Colorado Cerro Azul  Argentina Described from Cerro La Bota locality in La Pampa; reported with many mammal fossils by Verzi, Diego H.; Claudia I. Montalvo, and Cecilia M. Deschamps. 2008. Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy. Geobios 41. 145–155. Accessed 2017-08-15. [12]
indet. Montehermosan  Argentina From several localities in Buenos Aires; reported by R. L. Tomassini, C. I. Montalvo, C.M. Deschamps and T. Manera. 2013. Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Monte Hermoso Formation (early Pliocene) at its type locality, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 48:31-42 and C. M. Deschamps, G. I. Esteban, and M. S. Bargo. 2001. El registro más antiguo del género Lestodon Gervais, 1855 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Mylodontidae) (Montehermosense, Plioceno Temprano). Ameghiniana 38(2):151-156 [13][14][15][16]
indet. Colhuehuapian Golfo San Jorge Trelew Mb of  Argentina Described from same Gaiman locality in Chubut; , Waincophis sp., the turtle and many mammals by A. M. Albino. 1996. Snakes from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) Part I: The Booidea. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 199(3):417-434 [17]
indet. Santacrucian Austral  Argentina From Río Pinturas locality in Santa Cruz; reported by A. M. Albino. 1996. Snakes from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) Part II: The Colubroidea. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 200(3):353-360 [18]
indet. Santacrucian Austral  Argentina Sole reptile described from Santa Cruz Formation locality in Santa Cruz together with the terror birds Psilopterus bachmanni, P. lemoinei, Phororhacos longissimus, Patagornis marshi, Brontornis burmeisteri, penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus and other birds , , , , Opisthodactylus patagonicus, Liptornis hesternus, and many mammals by A. M. Albino. 1996. Snakes from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) Part II: The Colubroidea. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 200(3):353-360 & Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Richard F. Kay, and Susana Bargo. 2012. Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 1–370. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521194617. Accessed 2017-10-21.}} [19][20]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e Zaher, H.; Grazziotin, F. G.; Cadle, J. E.; Murphy, R. M.; Cesar de Moura-Leite, J.; Bonatto, S. L. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 49 (11): 115–153. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001.
  2. ^ a b c Grazziotin, F. G.; Zaher, H.; Murphy, R. W.; Srocchi, G.; Benavides, M. A.; Zhang, Y.; Bonatto, S. L. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of the new world Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal". Cladistics. 28 (5): 437–459. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x. S2CID 84934386.
  3. ^ a b c Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
  4. ^ a b c Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016). "A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070. PMC 5014348. PMID 27603205.
  5. ^ Fossilworks
  6. ^ Fossilworks
  7. ^ La Goleta ( of Mexico) at fossilworks.org
  8. ^ Fossilworks
  9. ^ Fossilworks
  10. ^ Fossilworks
  11. ^ Fossilworks
  12. ^ Fossilworks
  13. ^ Fossilworks
  14. ^ Fossilworks
  15. ^ Fossilworks
  16. ^ Fossilworks
  17. ^ Fossilworks
  18. ^ Fossilworks
  19. ^ Fossilworks
  20. ^ Fossilworks


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