Demographics of Puerto Rico

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Demographics of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico single age population pyramid 2020.png
Puerto Rico population pyramid in 2020
Puerto Rico population.svg
Population Change Timeline (1960–2017)
Population Density, PR, 2000 (sample).jpg
Population Density
Population (2019)3,193,694
Male population (2010)1,785,171
Female population (2010)1,940,618
Population growth-1.32%
Birth rate7.5/1,000
Death rate9.4/1,000
Infant mortality rate8.24/1,000
Life expectancy78.29 years
NationalityPuerto Rican
Demographic bureaux2010 United States Census

The population of Puerto Rico has been shaped by Amerindian settlement, European colonization especially under the Spanish Empire, slavery and economic migration. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Puerto Rico, including population density, ethnicity, education of the populace, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

History of migration[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1765 44,883—    
1775 70,250+56.5%
1800 155,426+121.2%
1815 220,892+42.1%
1832 350,051+58.5%
1846 447,914+28.0%
1860 583,308+30.2%
1877 731,648+25.4%
1887 798,565+9.1%
1899 953,243+19.4%
1910 1,118,012+17.3%
1920 1,299,809+16.3%
1930 1,543,913+18.8%
1940 1,869,255+21.1%
1950 2,210,703+18.3%
1960 2,349,544+6.3%
1970 2,712,033+15.4%
1980 3,196,520+17.9%
1990 3,522,037+10.2%
2000 3,808,610+8.1%
2010 3,725,789−2.2%
2020 3,285,874−11.8%
  • The Spanish Government took the censuses from 1765 to 1887.[1]
  • The United States War Department took the census in 1899.
  • 1910–2020[2]
  • 2019 Estimate[3]

Sometime between 400 B.C. and A.D. 100, the Arawak group of Amerindians inhabited Puerto Rico. Around A.D. 600, the Arawaks no longer lived on the island, perhaps because they had integrated with another culture or perhaps because they had been killed by illness.[4] By A.D. 1000, the indigenous Taíno inhabited the island. They called the island Borikén, which is popularly said to mean "land of the valiant one".[5][4] This is where the alternative name for Puerto Rico, Borinquen, comes from. Since the late 18th century Puerto Ricans have called themselves some variation of boricua, borincano and borinqueño to embrace their indigenous identity.[6] In the 15th century, the Carib lived on nearby islands and periodically invaded Taíno villages.[4]

Immigration[]

Immigration to Puerto Rico

The Spanish conquered the island, assuming government in 1508, colonized it, and assumed hegemony over the natives. The Taíno population dwindled due to disease, tribal warfare, and forced labor, so the Spanish began importing large numbers of slaves from Africa. Spanish men arrived on the island disproportionately to Spanish women; African and Taíno women would sometimes marry them, resulting in a mixed tri-racial ethnicity.

In the late 18th century, the number of African slaves began to dwindle on the island. The British ban on slavery resulted in slave raids on Puerto Rico. Many slaves also escaped to neighboring islands.

During the 19th century large numbers of immigrants from Spain, as well as numerous Spaniards living in former Spanish colonies in South America, also arrived in Puerto Rico (See Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico). Large numbers of Canary Islanders (Isleños) also arrived in great numbers to the island; their influence can be seen today in Puerto Rico's culture, cuisine and most notably in the variety of Spanish that is spoken in Puerto Rico.

Although the vast majority of settlers came from Spain, Catholics from France, Ireland, Corsica, Italy, Germany and other European countries were also granted land by Spain as one of the provisions of the Real Cédula de Gracias de 1815 (Royal Decree of Graces of 1815). These immigrants were allowed to settle on the island, with a certain amount of free land and enslaved persons granted to them. In return, they had to profess fealty to the Spanish Crown. During the early 20th century Jews began to settle in Puerto Rico. The first large group of Jews to settle in Puerto Rico were European refugees fleeing German–occupied Europe in the late 1930s. Puerto Rico's economic boom of the 1950s attracted a considerable number of Jewish families from the U.S. mainland, who were joined after 1959 by an influx of Jewish emigres from Fidel Castro's Cuba.[7]

The mass immigration that occurred during the 19th century helped the population grow from 155,000 in 1800 to almost 1,000,000 at the close of the century.

Emigration[]

Emigration has been a major part of Puerto Rico's recent history as well. Starting in the post-World War II period waves of Puerto Ricans moved to the continental United States, particularly to New York City; Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, and Camden, New Jersey; Providence, Rhode Island; Springfield; Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut; Boston, Massachusetts; Orlando, Miami and Tampa, Florida; Philadelphia and Reading, Pennsylvania; Washington, D.C., Chicago and Los Angeles, California. This continued even as Puerto Rico's economy improved and its birth rate declined.

Further information: Puerto Ricans in the United States

Vital statistics[]

Puerto Rico's vital statistics 1910–2019[8][9][10][11]
Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) TFR
1910 1,118,000 37,600 26,600 11,000 33.6 23.8 9.8
1911 1,140,000 39,100 26,600 12,500 34.3 23.3 11.0
1912 1,150,000 40,400 26,900 13,500 35.1 23.4 11.7
1913 1,170,000 42,700 23,200 19,500 36.5 19.8 16.7
1914 1,190,000 47,400 22,300 25,100 39.8 18.7 21.1
1915 1,210,000 45,000 25,000 20,000 37.2 20.7 16.5
1916 1,230,000 43,200 29,400 13,800 35.1 23.9 11.2
1917 1,250,000 44,300 38,600 5,700 35.4 30.9 4.5
1918 1,260,000 51,500 38,900 12,600 40.9 30.9 10.0
1919 1,280,000 46,000 30,300 15,700 35.9 23.7 12.2
1920 1,300,000 49,900 29,600 20,300 38.4 22.8 15.6
1921 1,320,000 50,600 29,700 20,900 38.3 22.5 15.8
1922 1,350,000 50,500 29,400 21,100 37.4 21.8 15.6
1923 1,370,000 50,700 26,900 23,800 37.0 19.6 17.4
1924 1,400,000 53,600 27,200 26,400 38.3 19.4 18.9
1925 1,420,000 52,700 33,200 19,500 37.1 23.4 13.7
1926 1,450,000 55,500 32,300 23,200 38.3 22.3 16.0
1927 1,470,000 58,200 33,500 24,700 39.6 22.8 16.8
1928 1,500,000 52,900 29,700 23,200 35.3 19.8 15.5
1929 1,520,000 52,300 40,700 11,600 34.4 26.8 7.6
1930 1,544,000 54,300 31,500 22,800 35.2 20.4 14.8
1931 1,580,000 71,600 35,200 36,400 45.3 22.3 23.0
1932 1,615,000 66,400 35,500 30,900 41.1 22.0 19.1
1933 1,647,000 61,600 36,700 24,900 37.4 22.3 15.1
1934 1,679,000 65,595 31,684 33,911 39.1 18.9 20.2
1935 1,710,000 67,585 30,748 36,837 39.5 18.0 21.5
1936 1,743,000 68,962 34,790 34,172 39.6 20.0 19.6
1937 1,777,000 67,919 37,132 30,787 38.2 20.9 17.3
1938 1,810,000 69,823 33,870 35,953 38.6 18.7 19.9
1939 1,844,000 73,044 32,631 40,413 39.6 17.7 21.9
1940 1,879,000 72,388 34,477 37,911 38.5 18.3 20.2
1941 1,926,000 76,130 35,551 40,579 39.5 18.5 21.1
1942 1,973,000 78,405 32,218 46,187 39.7 16.3 23.4
1943 2,012,000 77,304 29,065 48,239 38.4 14.4 24.0
1944 2,037,000 82,534 29,843 52,691 40.5 14.7 25.9
1945 2,070,000 86,680 28,837 57,843 41.9 13.9 27.9
1946 2,100,000 88,421 27,517 60,904 42.1 13.1 29.0
1947 2,149,000 91,305 25,407 65,898 42.5 11.8 30.7
1948 2,187,000 87,809 26,209 61,600 40.2 12.0 28.2
1949 2,197,000 85,625 23,389 62,236 39.0 10.6 28.3
1950 2,218,000 86,038 21,895 64,143 38.8 9.9 27.9
1951 2,210,000 84,076 22,374 61,702 38.0 10.1 27.9
1952 2,212,000 80,438 20,480 59,958 36.3 9.3 27.1
1953 2,221,000 77,754 17,972 59,782 35.0 8.1 26.9
1954 2,233,000 78,008 16,783 61,225 34.9 7.5 27.4
1955 2,247,000 79,221 16,243 62,978 35.2 7.2 28.0
1956 2,262,000 78,177 16,607 61,570 34.5 7.3 27.2
1957 2,279,000 76,068 16,022 60,046 33.3 7.0 26.3
1958 2,299,000 76,128 16,099 60,029 33.1 7.0 26.1
1959 2,323,000 74,933 15,870 59,063 32.2 6.8 25.4
1960 2,356,000 76,015 15,841 60,174 32.2 6.7 25.5
1961 2,396,000 75,563 16,361 59,202 31.5 6.8 24.7
1962 2,442,000 76,677 16,575 60,102 31.3 6.8 24.6
1963 2,491,000 77,382 17,386 59,996 31.0 7.0 24.0
1964 2,538,000 78,837 18,556 60,281 31.0 7.3 23.7
1965 2,578,000 79,586 17,719 61,867 30.8 6.9 24.0
1966 2,609,000 75,735 17,506 58,229 29.0 6.7 22.3
1967 2,634,000 70,755 16,780 53,975 26.8 6.4 20.4
1968 2,656,000 67,989 17,481 50,508 25.5 6.6 19.0
1969 2,680,000 67,577 17,669 49,908 25.1 6.6 18.6
1970 2,710,000 67,438 18,080 49,358 24.8 6.7 18.2 2.69
1971 2,746,000 71,114 18,144 52,970 25.8 6.6 19.2 2.82
1972 2,787,000 68,914 19,011 49,903 24.7 6.8 17.9 2.67
1973 2,833,000 68,821 19,257 49,564 24.2 6.8 17.5 2.67
1974 2,882,000 70,082 19,490 50,592 24.3 6.7 17.5 2.65
1975 2,932,000 69,691 19,073 50,618 23.7 6.5 17.2 2.61
1976 2,984,000 72,883 19,893 52,990 24.4 6.7 17.7 2.77
1977 3,037,000 75,151 19,895 55,256 24.7 6.5 18.2 2.93
1978 3,090,000 75,066 19,876 55,190 24.2 6.4 17.8 2.86
1979 3,141,000 73,781 20,390 53,391 23.4 6.5 17.0 2.77
1980 3,188,000 73,060 20,486 52,574 22.9 6.4 16.4 2.75
1981 3,230,000 71,365 21,197 50,168 22.0 6.5 15.5 2.64
1982 3,269,000 69,336 21,522 47,814 21.2 6.6 14.6 2.57
1983 3,305,000 65,742 21,499 44,243 19.8 6.5 13.4 2.44
1984 3,338,000 63,321 21,733 41,588 18.9 6.5 12.4 2.37
1985 3,370,000 63,629 23,194 40,435 18.8 6.9 12.0 2.34
1986 3,400,000 63,551 23,387 40,164 18.6 6.9 11.8 2.31
1987 3,429,000 64,393 23,954 40,439 18.7 7.0 11.8 2.27
1988 3,457,000 64,081 25,123 38,958 18.5 7.2 11.2 2.27
1989 3,487,000 66,692 25,987 40,705 19.1 7.4 11.6 2.36
1990 3,518,000 66,565 26,138 40,407 18.9 7.4 11.5 2.35
1991 3,552,000 64,498 26,321 38,177 18.2 7.4 10.7 2.20
1992 3,587,000 64,471 27,389 37,082 18.0 7.6 10.3 2.18
1993 3,623,000 65,258 28,493 36,765 18.0 7.9 10.1 2.14
1994 3,657,000 64,341 28,428 35,913 17.6 7.8 9.8 2.08
1995 3,690,000 63,502 30,184 33,318 17.2 8.2 9.0 2.08
1996 3,719,000 63,259 29,871 33,388 17.0 8.0 9.0 2.06
1997 3,747,000 64,214 29,119 35,095 17.1 7.8 9.4 2.13
1998 3,770,000 60,518 29,990 30,528 16.1 8.0 8.1 1.98
1999 3,787,000 59,684 29,145 30,539 15.8 7.7 8.1 1.94
2000 3,797,000 59,460 28,550 30,910 15.7 7.5 8.1 1.93
2001 3,799,000 55,982 28,794 27,188 14.7 7.6 7.2 1.85
2002 3,795,000 52,871 28,098 24,773 13.9 7.4 6.5 1.77
2003 3,785,000 50,803 28,356 22,447 13.4 7.5 5.9 1.71
2004 3,773,000 51,239 29,066 22,173 13.6 7.7 5.9 1.74
2005 3,761,000 50,687 29,702 20,985 13.5 7.9 5.6 1.73
2006 3,750,000 48,597 28,206 20,391 13.0 7.5 5.4 1.67
2007 3,739,000 46,642 29,169 17,473 12.5 7.8 4.7 1.64
2008 3,729,000 45,620 29,050 16,570 11.5 7.8 3.7 1.62
2009 3,719,000 44,773 29,005 15,768 11.3 7.8 3.5 1.59
2010 3,722,000 42,153 29,153 13,000 11.3 7.8 3.5 1.62
2011 3,679,000 41,080 29,742 11,338 11.2 8.1 3.1 1.60
2012 3,634,000 38,900 29,448 9,228 10.7 8.1 2.5 1.54
2013 3,593,000 38,986 29,009 9,977 10.9 8.1 2.8 1.47
2014 3,535,000 34,485 30,224 4,261 9.8 8.5 1.2 1.43
2015 3,474,000 31,157 28,279 2,878 9.0 8.1 0.9 1.34
2016 3,411,000 27,406 29,613 −2,207 8.3 8.7 −0.4 1.24
2017 3,337,000 23,582 30,977 −7,395 7.3 9.3 −2.0 1.10
2018 3,193,354 21,424 29,109 −7,685 6.7 9.1 −2.4 1.04
2019 3,193,694 20,409 29,638 -9,229 6.4 9.3 −2.9 0.98
2020 3,285,874 18,896 31,679 -12,783 5.8 9.6 −3.8

Current vital statistics[]

[12]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - June 2020 9,142 15,414 -6,272
January - June 2021 8,519 16,349 -7,830
Difference Decrease -623 (-6.81%) Negative increase +935 (+6.07%) Decrease -1,558

Structure of the population[]

Structure of the population (01.07.2012) (Estimates) (Data refer to projections based on the 2010 Population Census):[13]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1,755,479 1,911,605 3,667,084 100
0–4 107 000 102 597 209 597 5.72
5–9 116 188 109 665 225 853 6.16
10–14 129 722 123 006 252 728 6.89
15–19 138 646 132 250 270 896 7.39
20–24 134 894 131 768 266 662 7.27
25–29 112 981 117 257 230 238 6.28
30–34 115 030 125 281 240 311 6.55
35–39 111 971 121 837 233 808 6.38
40–44 113 223 123 276 236 499 6.45
45–49 114 114 129 441 243 555 6.64
50–54 109 550 127 211 236 761 6.46
55–59 103 031 123 108 226 139 6.17
60–64 96 256 115 745 212 001 5.78
65–69 86 858 104 308 191 166 5.21
70–74 64 745 79 593 144 338 3.94
75–79 46 652 60 431 107 083 2.92
80–84 29 398 41 911 71 309 1.94
85+ 25 220 42 290 68 140 1.86
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 352 910 335 268 688 178 18.77
15–64 1,149,696 1,247,174 2,396,870 65.36
65+ 252 873 329 163 582 036 15.87

Life expectancy[]

Period Life expectancy in

Years

Period Life expectancy in

Years

1950–1955 63.5 1985–1990 74.6
1955–1960 67.9 1990–1995 73.8
1960–1965 69.1 1995–2000 74.9
1965–1970 70.7 2000–2005 76.8
1970–1975 72.4 2005–2010 77.8
1975–1980 73.5 2010–2015 79.2
1980–1985 73.9

Source: UN World Population Prospects[14]

Race and ethnic group[]

Racial groups – Puerto Rico[15][16][17][18][19]
Year White % Non-White %
1802 42.0 58.0
1812 40.8 59.2
1820 39.4 60.6
1830 45.1 54.9
1877 52.3 47.7
1887 53.5 46.5
1897 64.3 35.7
1899 61.8 38.2
1910 64.5 35.5
1920 72.0 28.0
1930 73.3 26.7
1935 75.2 24.8
1940 76.0 24.0
1950 79.7 20.3
2000 80.5 19.5
2010 75.8 24.2
2020 16.5

(Hispanic Only)

83.5
Racial composition of the Puerto Rican
population, by the census, 1802–2020.

Race and origin history[]

The first census by the United States in 1899 reported a population of 953,243 inhabitants, 61.8% of them classified as white, 31.9% as mixed, and 6.3% as black. The last census by the United States in 2020 reported 49.8% as mixed, 25.5% as some other race, 17.1% as white, 7.0% as black, and 0.5% as indigenous.

A strong European immigration wave and large importation of slaves from Africa helped increase the population of Puerto Rico sixfold during the 19th century. No major immigration wave occurred during the 20th century.[20]

In the late 1700s, Puerto Rico had laws like the Regla del Sacar or Gracias al Sacar where a person of mixed ancestry could be considered legally white so long as they could prove that at least one person per generation in the last four generations had also been legally white. Therefore, people of mixed ancestry with known white lineage were classified as white, the opposite of the "one-drop rule" in the United States.[21]

Genetic studies[]

Puerto Ricans, on average, have genetic contributions from Europeans, North Africans, West Africans, and Native Americans.[23] The island has a higher degree of tri-hybrid admixture than most countries in Latin America. A recent study of DNA in a census-based sample of 642 Puerto Rican individuals, demonstrated that almost all modern Puerto Ricans are admixed descendants of the three ancestral populations (Taínos, Europeans, and Africans). The study shows that the average Puerto Rican on the Eastern region is 54.7% European, 31.8% African, and 13.5% Native American, while the average Puerto Rican on the Western Region is 68.5% European, 15.9% African, and 15.6% Native American. The highest indigenous ancestry recorded in the study was nearly 40%.[24]

Women in the diaspora[]

In a study done on Puerto Rican women (of all races) born on the island but living in New York by Carolina Bonilla, Mark D. Shriver and Esteban Parra in 2004, the ancestry proportions corresponding to the three parental populations were found to be 53.3±2.8% European, 29.1±2.3% West African, and 17.6±2.4% Native American based on autosomal ancestry informative markers. Although autosomal markers tests seem to draw a more broad picture than that of single, gender-based mtDNA and Y-Chromosome tests, the problem with autosomal DNA is in the archaic categories used: "European", "Sub-Saharan African", "East Asian" & "Native American". "Asian" (South, North or East) & "North African" are not included. These generalized categories may not take into account the complexity of migratory patterns across the Old World. The study also found that, from the women sampled, 98% had European ancestry markers, 87% had African ancestry markers, 84% had Native American ancestry markers, 5% showed only African and European markers, 4% showed mostly Native American and European markers, 2% showed only African markers, and 2% showed mostly European markers.[25]

Religion[]

There are many religious beliefs represented in the island with Christianity as the religion indicated by the majority in 2010.

Religious breakdown in Puerto Rico (2010):[26]

Pew Research Center (2010)[26]

  Roman Catholic (69.7%)
  Protestant (25.1%)
  Other Christian (1.9%)
  Other (1.4%)
  Irreligious (1.9%)

Christians[]

A recent report providing a full breakdown as to specific religions is not available; the most recent was for 2006.

The Christian Denominational Breakdown was as follows in 2006:[27]


Denomination Adherents
Catholic 1,650,000
Other Pentecostal 229,814
100,000
Assemblies of God 56,000
Baptist Convention 35,000
Seventh-day Adventist 31,524
Jehovah's Witnesses 25,778
Church of God (Cleveland) 17,500
Defenders of the Faith 17,500
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 16,084
Disciples of Christ 10,778
United Methodist 10,000
Boriquen Presby Synod 8,300
Christian and Missionary Alliance 6,500
Church of the Nazarene 2,994
Other 130,400

Catholics[]

The Roman Catholic Church has been historically the most dominant religion of the majority of Puerto Ricans, with Puerto Rico having the first dioceses in the Americas.[28] This religion was brought by Spanish colonists. The first dioceses in the Americas, including that of Puerto Rico, were authorized by Pope Julius II in 1511.[29] One Pope, John Paul II, visited Puerto Rico in October 1984. All municipalities in Puerto Rico have at least one Catholic Church, most of which are located at the town center or "plaza".

An Associated Press article in March 2014 stated that "more than 70 percent of whom identify themselves as Catholic" but provided no source for this information. (It may have been using the 2010 Pew Research Center data.)[30]

The CIA World Factbook however, reports that 85% of the population of Puerto Rico identifies as Roman Catholic, while 15% identify as Protestant and Other. Neither a date or a source for that information is provided and may not be recent.[31]

In November 2014, a Pew Research report, with the sub-title Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region, indicated that only 56% of Puerto Ricans were Catholic and that 33% were Protestant. This survey was completed between October 2013 and February 2014.

Protestants[]

Protestantism was suppressed under the Spanish Catholic regime. For example, the Holy Trinity Anglican church in Ponce, was prevented from ringing its bell until 1898, when American troops landed there.[32] Protestantism increased under American sovereignty, making contemporary Puerto Rico more interconfessional than in previous centuries, although Catholicism continues to be the dominant religion. The first Protestant church, Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad, was established in Ponce by the Anglican Diocese of Antigua in 1872.[33] It was the first non-Roman Catholic Church in the entire Spanish Empire in the Americas.[34][35]

Muslims[]

In 2007, there were over 5,000 Muslims in Puerto Rico, representing about 0.13% of the population.[36][37] There are eight Islamic mosques spread throughout the island, with most Muslims living in Río Piedras.[38][39] Puerto Rican converts to Islam continue to occur.[40] "Ties between Latinos and Islam are more than just spiritual, but date back to Spanish history. Many people do not realize that Muslims conquered Spain".[41] And at times not just individuals, but whole families convert. However, lack of Muslim education in the Island forces some Puerto Rican Muslims to migrate to the States.[41] Islam was brought into Puerto Rico mainly via the Palestinian migration of the 1950s and '60s.[42] Thus, today there is a strong Palestinian presence among Muslims in Puerto Rico. "They are economically strong and are thus able to pay for a full-time Imaam".[43]

Jews[]

Puerto Rico is also home to the largest Jewish community in the Caribbean with 3,000 Jewish inhabitants.[44] Some Puerto Ricans have converted, not only as individuals but as entire families. Puerto Rico is the only Caribbean island in which the Conservative, Reform and Orthodox Jewish movements are represented.[7][45]

Other religious practices[]

Taíno religious practices have been rediscovered/reinvented by a handful of advocates. Starting in about 1840, there have been attempts to create a quasi-indigenous Taíno identity in rural areas of Puerto Rico.[46][citation needed] This trend accelerated among the Puerto Rican community in the mainland United States in the 1960s.[47] In the 2010 U.S. census, 9,399 people are identified as "Taíno."[48]

Various African religious practices have been present since the arrival of enslaved Africans. In particular, the Yoruba beliefs of Santería and/or Ifá, and the Kongo-derived Palo Mayombe (sometimes called an African belief system, but rather a way of Bantu lifestyle of Congo origin) find adherence among the few individuals who practice some form of African traditional religion.

Demographic statistics[]

Demographics of Puerto Rico, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.

Population in 2010:

  • 3,725,789 (2010 U.S. Census)

Population in 2016:

Gender:[51]

  • Men: 1,785,171
  • Women: 1,940,618

Age structure:

  • 0–17 years:
    • 24.2% (903,295)
  • 18–24 years:
    • 10.1% (375,175)
  • 25–34 years:
    • 13.2% (492,332)
  • 35–49 years:
    • 19.6% (731,514)
  • 50–64 years:
    • 18.3% (681,505)
  • 65 years and over:
    • 14.6% (541,998)

Infant mortality rate:

  • Total
    • 8.23 deaths/1,000 live births
  • Male
    • Deaths/1,000 live births
  • Female
    • 7.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

  • Total population:
    • 78.77 years
  • Male:
    • 75.15 years
  • Female:
    • 82.57 years (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate:

  • 1.62 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nationality:[52]

  • Noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
  • Adjective: Puerto Rican

Ethnic Groups (2010):[52]

  • White 75.8%
  • Black/African 12.4%
  • Other 8.5% (includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, and Others)
  • Mixed 3.3%

Religions:[26]

  • Roman Catholic 69.7%
  • Protestant and Other Christian 27%

Languages:[52]

  • Spanish (main language)
  • English

Median Household Income:[50]

  • $19,350 (2015 est.)

Individuals below the poverty level:[50]

  • 45.5% (2015 est.)

Education, high school graduate or higher:[50]

  • 73% (2015 est.)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Puerto Rico Population History, 1765–2000". Welcome.topuertorico.org. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  2. ^ "Resident Population Data". Census. US: Government. 2010. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  3. ^ "World Population Clock: 7.9 Billion People (2021) - Worldometer".
  4. ^ a b c Stacy., Taus-Bolstad (January 1, 2005). Puerto Ricans in America. Lerner Publications Co. ISBN 9780822539537. OCLC 54046670 – via Google Books.
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  6. ^ 1969–, Brown, Monica (January 1, 2002). Gang nation : delinquent citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano, and Chicana narratives. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816634785. OCLC 48649774.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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Bibliography[]

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