Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives
In Australia, electoral districts for the Australian House of Representatives are called divisions or more commonly referred to as electorates or seats. There are currently 151 single-member electorates for the Australian House of Representatives.
Constitutional and legal requirements[]
Section 24 of the Constitution of Australia specifies that the total number of members of the Australian House of Representatives shall be "as nearly as practicable" twice as many as the number of members of the Australian Senate. The section also requires that electorates be apportioned among the states in proportion to their respective populations; provided that each original state has at least 5 members in the House of Representatives, a provision that has given Tasmania higher representation than its population would otherwise justify. There are three electorates in the Australian Capital Territory and even though the Northern Territory should have only one electorate based on their population, parliament have legislated that they receive two.
In addition, Section 29 forbids electorate boundaries from crossing state lines, forcing populated areas along state and territory borders to be placed in different electorates, such as Albury in New South Wales being part of the electorate of Farrer, while nearby Wodonga in Victoria is part of the electorate of Indi. The same restriction does not apply to territories, and several current electoral divisions incorporate electors from multiple territories. This is currently the case for the Division of Bean (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Norfolk Island), the Division of Fenner (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Jervis Bay Territory), and the Division of Lingiari (covering part of the Northern Territory and the whole of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands).
The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 sets out further provisions.[1]
Apportionment and redistribution[]
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) determines the number of members of the House of Representatives to which each state and territory is entitled (called apportionment) and the boundaries of each electorate, in a process known as redistribution. Such apportionment and redistributions apply to the next federal election, but not to any by-elections. The last apportionment determination was made in July 2020, and the resulting redistribution is to take place during 2021, in time for the next federal election, due by 2022.
Within each state and territory, electoral boundaries are redrawn from time to time. This takes place at least once every 7 years, or when the state's entitlement to the number of members of the House of Representatives changes. Boundaries are drawn by a Redistribution Committee, and redistributions within a state are on the basis of the number of enrolled voters, rather than total residents or "population". The number of enrolled voters in each division cannot vary by more than 10% from the average across a state or territory, nor can the number of voters vary by more than 3.5% from the average projected enrolment 3.5 years into the future. However, due to various reasons, larger seats like Cowper in New South Wales contain 80% more electors than that of smaller seats like Solomon in the Northern Territory. In 2018, seats in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia were also abolished, in order to make way for seats in similar locations but with different names.[2][3]
At the 2019 Australian federal election, based on the 2018 apportionment, there were 151 divisions: 47 in New South Wales, 38 in Victoria, 30 in Queensland, 16 in Western Australia, 10 in South Australia, 5 in Tasmania, 3 in the ACT and 2 in Northern Territory.
Naming[]
The divisions of the House of Representatives are unusual in that many of them are not named after geographical features or numbered, as is the case in most other legislatures around the world. Most divisions are named in honour of prominent historical people, such as former politicians (often Prime Ministers), explorers, artists and engineers.
In some cases where a division is named after a geographical locality, the connection to that locality is sometimes tenuous. For instance, the Division of Werriwa, created in 1901, was named after the Aboriginal word for Lake George in the Canberra region. However, Werriwa has not contained Lake George for many decades, and has steadily moved some 200 km north to the south-western suburbs of Sydney over the past century.
List of current electoral divisions[]
The divisions that existed at the 2019 Australian federal election appear in the table below. A redistribution took place in Victoria and Western Australia. As a result of this the division of Stirling in Western Australia will be abolished, and a new division called Hawke will be created in Victoria, named for former prime minister, Bob Hawke.
Name | Formed | State | Size (km2) | Namesake | Known for |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelaide | 1903 | South Australia | 76 | City of Adelaide | Geographic location |
Aston | 1984 | Victoria | 113 | Tilly Aston | Teacher |
Ballarat | 1901 | Victoria | 4,322 | City of Ballarat | Geographic location |
Banks | 1949 | New South Wales | 53 | Joseph Banks | Botanist |
Barker | 1903 | South Australia | 63,886 | Collet Barker | Explorer |
Barton | 1922 | New South Wales | 40 | Edmund Barton | Prime Minister |
Bass | 1903 | Tasmania | 7,975 | George Bass | Explorer |
Bean | 2019 | Australian Capital Territory
Norfolk Island |
1,913 | Charles Bean | War correspondent, historian |
Bendigo | 1901 | Victoria | 5,496 | City of Bendigo | Geographic location |
Bennelong | 1949 | New South Wales | 60 | Bennelong | Aboriginal elder |
Berowra | 1969 | New South Wales | 786 | Suburb of Berowra | Geographic location |
Blair | 1998 | Queensland | 6,472 | Harold Blair | Aboriginal singer |
Blaxland | 1949 | New South Wales | 61 | Gregory Blaxland | Explorer |
Bonner | 2004 | Queensland | 374 | Neville Bonner | Aboriginal politician |
Boothby | 1903 | South Australia | 130 | William Boothby | Electoral commissioner |
Bowman | 1949 | Queensland | 536 | David Bowman | Politician |
Braddon | 1955 | Tasmania | 21,369 | Edward Braddon | Premier of Tasmania |
Bradfield | 1949 | New South Wales | 101 | John Bradfield | Designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge |
Brand | 1984 | Western Australia | 377 | David Brand | Premier of Western Australia |
Brisbane | 1901 | Queensland | 57 | City of Brisbane | Geographic location |
Bruce | 1955 | Victoria | 95 | Stanley Bruce | Prime Minister |
Burt | 2016 | Western Australia | 172 | Archibald, Septimus and Francis Burt | |
Calare | 1906 | New South Wales | 32,666 | Aboriginal name for the Lachlan River | Geographic location |
Calwell | 1984 | Victoria | 265 | Arthur Calwell | Leader of the opposition |
Canberra | 1974 | Australian Capital Territory | 312 | City of Canberra | Geographic location |
Canning | 1949 | Western Australia | 6,304 | Alfred Canning | Surveyor of the Rabbit-proof fence |
Capricornia | 1901 | Queensland | 90,903 | Tropic of Capricorn | Geographic location |
Casey | 1969 | Victoria | 2,466 | Richard Casey | Governor General |
Chifley | 1969 | New South Wales | 126 | Ben Chifley | Prime Minister |
Chisholm | 1949 | Victoria | 65 | Caroline Chisholm | Philanthropist |
Clark | 2019 | Tasmania | 292 | Andrew Inglis Clark | Co-author of the Australian Constitution |
Cook | 1969 | New South Wales | 94 | James Cook | Explorer |
Cooper | 2019 | Victoria | 60 | William Cooper | Aboriginal Activist |
Corangamite | 1901 | Victoria | 5,441 | Lake Corangamite | Geographic location |
Corio | 1901 | Victoria | 773 | Corio Bay | Geographic location |
Cowan | 1984 | Western Australia | 180 | Edith Cowan | Politician and activist |
Cowper | 1901 | New South Wales | 7,296 | Charles Cowper | NSW premier |
Cunningham | 1949 | New South Wales | 519 | Allan Cunningham | Explorer |
Curtin | 1949 | Western Australia | 98 | John Curtin | Prime Minister |
Dawson | 1949 | Queensland | 14,630 | Anderson Dawson | Premier of Queensland |
Deakin | 1937 | Victoria | 79 | Alfred Deakin | Prime Minister |
Dickson | 1992 | Queensland | 724 | James Robert Dickson | Premier of Queensland |
Dobell | 1984 | New South Wales | 787 | William Dobell | Painter |
Dunkley | 1984 | Victoria | 152 | Louisa Margaret Dunkley | Labour unionist and women's rights campaigner |
Durack | 2010 | Western Australia | 1,629,858 | Mary Durack | Author |
Eden-Monaro | 1901 | New South Wales | 41,617 | Town of Eden and region of Monaro | Geographic location |
Fadden | 1977 | Queensland | 387 | Arthur Fadden | Prime Minister |
Fairfax | 1984 | Queensland | 1,004 | Ruth Fairfax | Founder of the Country Women's Association |
Farrer | 1949 | New South Wales | 126,590 | William Farrer | Scientist |
Fenner | 2016 | Australian Capital Territory
Jervis Bay Territory |
238 | Frank Fenner | Scientist |
Fisher | 1949 | Queensland | 1,198 | Andrew Fisher | Prime Minister |
Flinders | 1901 | Victoria | 871 | Matthew Flinders | Explorer |
Flynn | 2006 | Queensland | 132,824 | John Flynn | Founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service |
Forde | 1984 | Queensland | 418 | Frank Forde | Prime Minister |
Forrest | 1922 | Western Australia | 11,072 | John Forrest | Explorer, Premier of Western Australia |
Fowler | 1984 | New South Wales | 69 | Lilian Fowler | Mayor of Newtown |
Franklin | 1903 | Tasmania | 10,009 | John Franklin | Explorer |
Fraser | 2019 | Victoria | 106 | Malcolm Fraser | Prime Minister |
Fremantle | 1901 | Western Australia | 196 | City of Fremantle | Geographic location |
Gellibrand | 1949 | Victoria | 124 | Joseph Gellibrand | Attorney General of Tasmania |
Gilmore | 1984 | New South Wales | 6,342 | Mary Gilmore | Poet and author |
Gippsland | 1901 | Victoria | 33,182 | Region of Gippsland | Geographic location |
Goldstein | 1984 | Victoria | 50 | Vida Goldstein | Suffragette |
Gorton | 2004 | Victoria | 540 | John Gorton | Prime Minister |
Grayndler | 1949 | New South Wales | 32 | Edward Grayndler | Politician and unionist |
Greenway | 1984 | New South Wales | 81 | Francis Greenway | Architect |
Grey | 1903 | South Australia | 904,881 | George Grey | Governor of South Australia |
Griffith | 1934 | Queensland | 57 | Samuel Griffith | Premier of Queensland, Chief Justice of Australia |
Groom | 1984 | Queensland | 5,586 | Littleton Groom | Politician |
Hasluck | 2001 | Western Australia | 1,192 | Paul and Alexandra Hasluck | Governor General and author |
Herbert | 1901 | Queensland | 946 | Robert Herbert | Premier of Queensland |
Higgins | 1949 | Victoria | 41 | H. B. Higgins | Politician and judge |
Hindmarsh | 1903 | South Australia | 78 | John Hindmarsh | Governor of South Australia |
Hinkler | 1984 | Queensland | 3,504 | Bert Hinkler | Aviator |
Holt | 1969 | Victoria | 266 | Harold Holt | Prime Minister |
Hotham | 1969 | Victoria | 83 | Charles Hotham | Governor of Victoria |
Hughes | 1955 | New South Wales | 369 | Billy Hughes | Prime Minister |
Hume | 1901 | New South Wales | 17,240 | Hamilton Hume | Explorer |
Hunter | 1901 | New South Wales | 10,640 | John Hunter | NSW Governor |
Indi | 1901 | Victoria | 29,187 | Aboriginal name for the Murray River | Geographic location |
Isaacs | 1969 | Victoria | 155 | Isaac Isaacs | Governor General, Chief Justice of Australia |
Jagajaga | 1984 | Victoria | 104 | Three Wurundjeri elders | |
Kennedy | 1901 | Queensland | 567,377 | Edmund Kennedy | Explorer |
Kingsford Smith | 1949 | New South Wales | 91 | Charles Kingsford Smith | Aviator |
Kingston | 1949 | South Australia | 171 | Charles Kingston | Premier of South Australia |
Kooyong | 1901 | Victoria | 55 | Suburb of Kooyong | Geographic location |
La Trobe | 1949 | Victoria | 748 | Charles La Trobe | Governor of Victoria |
Lalor | 1949 | Victoria | 493 | Peter Lalor | Leader of the Eureka Rebellion |
Leichhardt | 1949 | Queensland | 109,455 | Ludwig Leichhardt | Explorer |
Lilley | 1913 | Queensland | 144 | Charles Lilley | Premier and Chief Justice of Queensland |
Lindsay | 1984 | New South Wales | 339 | Norman Lindsay | Artist |
Lingiari | 2001 | Northern Territory
Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
1,352,371 | Vincent Lingiari | Aboriginal activist |
Longman | 1996 | Queensland | 1,237 | Irene Longman | Politician |
Lyne | 1949 | New South Wales | 16,099 | William Lyne | NSW premier |
Lyons | 1984 | Tasmania | 35,721 | Joseph and Enid Lyons | Prime Minister and politician |
Macarthur | 1949 | New South Wales | 363 | John and Elizabeth Macarthur | Pioneers of early settlement |
Mackellar | 1949 | New South Wales | 233 | Charles and Dorothea Mackellar | Politician and poet |
Macnamara | 2019 | Victoria | 41 | Jean Macnamara | Scientist |
Macquarie | 1901 | New South Wales | 4,374 | Lachlan Macquarie | Governor of NSW |
Makin | 1984 | South Australia | 130 | Norman Makin | Politician |
Mallee | 1949 | Victoria | 81,962 | Region of The Mallee | Geographic location |
Maranoa | 1901 | Queensland | 729,897 | Maranoa River | Geographic location |
Maribyrnong | 1906 | Victoria | 64 | Maribyrnong River | Geographic location |
Mayo | 1984 | South Australia | 9,315 | Helen Mayo | Doctor |
McEwen | 1984 | Victoria | 2,670 | John McEwen | Prime Minister |
McPherson | 1949 | Queensland | 229 | McPherson Range | Geographic location |
McMahon | 2010 | New South Wales | 168 | William McMahon | Prime Minister |
Melbourne | 1901 | Victoria | 40 | City of Melbourne | Geographic location |
Menzies | 1984 | Victoria | 184 | Robert Menzies | Prime Minister |
Mitchell | 1949 | New South Wales | 101 | Thomas Mitchell | Explorer |
Monash | 2019 | Victoria | 8,879 | John Monash | General and head of the armed forces |
Moncrieff | 1984 | Queensland | 100 | Gladys Moncrieff | Singer |
Moore | 1949 | Western Australia | 90 | George Fletcher Moore | Early WA settler |
Moreton | 1901 | Queensland | 109 | Moreton Bay | Geographic location |
New England | 1901 | New South Wales | 66,394 | Region of New England | Geographic location |
Newcastle | 1901 | New South Wales | 171 | City of Newcastle | Geographic location |
Nicholls | 2019 | Victoria | 14,768 | Douglas and Gladys Nicholls | Aboriginal activists |
North Sydney | 1901 | New South Wales | 53 | Suburb of North Sydney | Geographic location |
O'Connor | 1980 | Western Australia | 868,576 | C. Y. O'Connor | Engineer |
Oxley | 1949 | Queensland | 159 | John Oxley | Explorer |
Page | 1984 | New South Wales | 19,342 | Earle Page | Prime Minister |
Parkes | 1984 | New South Wales | 393,413 | Henry Parkes | Governor of NSW |
Parramatta | 1901 | New South Wales | 57 | Suburb of Parramatta | Geographic location |
Paterson | 1949, 1993 | New South Wales | 1,123 | Banjo Paterson | Author and poet |
Pearce | 1989 | Western Australia | 13,250 | George Pearce | Politician |
Perth | 1901 | Western Australia | 80 | City of Perth | Geographic location |
Petrie | 1949 | Queensland | 152 | Andrew Petrie | Architect |
Rankin | 1984 | Queensland | 131 | Annabelle Rankin | Politician |
Reid | 1922 | New South Wales | 55 | George Reid | Prime Minister |
Richmond | 1901 | New South Wales | 2,148 | Richmond River | Geographic location |
Riverina | 1901, 1993 | New South Wales | 48,988 | Region of The Riverina | Geographic location |
Robertson | 1901 | New South Wales | 980 | John Robertson | Premier of NSW |
Ryan | 1949 | Queensland | 370 | T. J. Ryan | Premier of Queensland |
Scullin | 1968 | Victoria | 116 | James Scullin | Prime Minister |
Shortland | 1949 | New South Wales | 265 | John Shortland | Explorer |
Solomon | 2000 | Northern Territory | 337 | Vaiben Louis Solomon | Premier of South Australia |
Spence | 2019 | South Australia | 532 | Catherine Helen Spence | Politician, author |
Stirling | 1955 | Western Australia | 74 | James Stirling | Governor of Western Australia |
Sturt | 1949 | South Australia | 85 | Charles Sturt | Explorer |
Swan | 1901 | Western Australia | 134 | Swan River | Geographic location |
Sydney | 1968 | New South Wales | 44 | City of Sydney | Geographic location |
Tangney | 1974 | Western Australia | 83 | Dorothy Tangney | Politician |
Warringah | 1922 | New South Wales | 68 | Warringah Council | Geographic location |
Wannon | 1901 | Victoria | 33,419 | Wannon River | Geographic location |
Watson | 1992 | New South Wales | 47 | Chris Watson | Prime Minister |
Wentworth | 1901 | New South Wales | 38 | William Wentworth | Explorer |
Werriwa | 1901 | New South Wales | 172 | Aboriginal name for Lake George | Geographic location |
Whitlam | 2016 | New South Wales | 1,331 | Gough Whitlam | Prime Minister |
Wide Bay | 1901 | Queensland | 14,227 | Region of Wide Bay–Burnett | Geographic location |
Wills | 1949 | Victoria | 46 | William John Wills | Explorer |
Wright | 2009 | Queensland | 7,577 | Judith Wright | Poet |
Abolished divisions[]
These divisions no longer exist:
Name | Formed | Abolished | State | Namesake | Known for |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angas (I) | 1903 | 1934 | SA | George Fife Angas | Businessman and banker |
Angas (II) | 1949 | 1977 | SA | ||
Australian Capital Territory | 1949 | 1974 | ACT | Australian Capital Territory | Geographic location |
Balaclava | 1901 | 1984 | VIC | Suburb of Balaclava | Geographic location |
Barrier | 1901 | 1922 | NSW | Barrier Ranges | Geographic location |
Batman | 1906 | 2019 | VIC | John Batman | Founder of Melbourne |
Bland | 1901 | 1906 | NSW | William Bland | Doctor |
Bonython | 1955 | 2004 | SA | John Langdon Bonython | Editor and newspaper proprietor |
Bourke | 1901 | 1949 | VIC | Richard Bourke | Governor of NSW |
Burke (I) | 1949 | 1955 | VIC | Robert O'Hara Burke | Explorer |
Burke (II) | 1969 | 2004 | VIC | ||
Canobolas | 1901 | 1906 | NSW | Mount Canobolas | Geographic location |
Charlton | 1984 | 2016 | NSW | Matthew Charlton | Politician |
Cook (I) | 1906 | 1955 | NSW | James Cook | Explorer |
Coolgardie | 1901 | 1913 | WA | Town of Coolgardie | Geographic location |
Corinella (I) | 1901 | 1906 | VIC | Corinella region | Geographic location |
Corinella (II) | 1990 | 1996 | VIC | ||
Dalley | 1901 | 1969 | NSW | William Bede Dalley | Politician and barrister |
Dampier | 1913 | 1922 | WA | William Dampier | Explorer |
Darebin | 1949 | 1969 | VIC | Darebin Creek | Geographic location |
Darling | 1901 | 1977 | NSW | Darling River | Geographic location |
Darling Downs | 1901 | 1984 | QLD | Darling Downs | Geographic location |
Darwin | 1903 | 1955 | TAS | Charles Darwin | Scientist |
Denison | 1903 | 2019 | TAS | William Denison | Governor of Van Diemen's Land and NSW |
Diamond Valley | 1969 | 1984 | VIC | Diamond Creek | Geographic location |
Dundas | 1977 | 1993 | NSW | Henry Dundas | Scottish politician and aristocrat |
East Sydney | 1901 | 1969 | NSW | East Sydney | Geographic location |
Echuca | 1901 | 1937 | VIC | Town of Echuca | Geographic location |
Evans | 1949 | 1977 | NSW | George Evans | Explorer |
Fawkner | 1906 | 1969 | VIC | John Pascoe Fawkner | Pioneer |
Fraser (I) | 1974 | 2016 | ACT | Jim Fraser | Politician |
Grampians | 1901 | 1922 | VIC | Grampians Ranges | Geographic location |
Gwydir | 1901 | 2007 | NSW | Gwydir River | Geographic location |
Hawker | 1969 | 1993 | SA | Charles Hawker | Politician |
Henty | 1913 | 1990 | VIC | Henty family | Pioneers |
Higinbotham | 1949 | 1969 | VIC | George Higinbotham | Chief Justice of Victoria |
Hoddle | 1949 | 1955 | VIC | Robert Hoddle | Surveyor, artist |
Illawarra | 1901 | 1922 | NSW | Region of Illawarra | Geographic location |
Isaacs (I) | 1949 | 1969 | VIC | Isaac Isaacs | Governor General, Chief Justice of Australia |
Kalgoorlie | 1901 | 2010 | WA | City of Kalgoorlie | Geographic location |
Laanecoorie | 1901 | 1913 | VIC | Laanecoorie | Geographic location |
Lang | 1901 | 1977 | NSW | John Dunmore Lang | Politician and activist |
Lawson | 1949 | 1969 | NSW | Henry Lawson | Writer and poet |
Lowe | 1949 | 2010 | NSW | Robert Lowe | British statesman |
Martin | 1922 | 1955 | NSW | James Martin | Premier of NSW, Chief Justice of NSW |
McMillan | 1949 | 2019 | VIC | Angus McMillan | Pioneer |
Melbourne Ports | 1901 | 2019 | VIC | Suburb of Port Melbourne | Geographic location |
Mernda | 1901 | 1913 | VIC | Town of Mernda | Geographic location |
Moira | 1901 | 1906 | VIC | Shire of Moira | Geographic location |
Murray | 1949 | 2019 | VIC | Murray River | Geographic location |
Namadgi | 1996 | 1998 | ACT | Namadgi National Park | Geographic location |
Nepean | 1906 | 1922 | NSW | Evan Nepean | British politician |
Northern Melbourne | 1901 | 1906 | VIC | North Melbourne | Geographic location |
Northern Territory | 1922 | 2001 | NT | Northern Territory | Geographic location |
Oxley (I) | 1901 | 1934 | QLD | John Oxley | Explorer |
Parkes (I) | 1901 | 1969 | NSW | Henry Parkes | Premier of NSW |
Phillip | 1949 | 1993 | NSW | Arthur Phillip | Governor of NSW |
Port Adelaide | 1949 | 2019 | SA | Suburb of Port Adelaide | Geographic location |
Prospect | 1969 | 2010 | NSW | Prospect Reservoir | Geographic location |
Riverina-Darling | 1984 | 1993 | NSW | Riverina region | Geographic location |
Scullin (I) | 1955 | 1969 | VIC | James Scullin | Prime Minister |
South Australia | 1901 | 1903 | SA | South Australia | Geographic location |
South Sydney | 1901 | 1934 | NSW | Southern Sydney | Geographic location |
Southern Melbourne | 1901 | 1906 | VIC | South Melbourne | Geographic location |
St George | 1949 | 1993 | NSW | St George area | Geographic location |
Streeton | 1984 | 1990 | VIC | Arthur Streeton | Painter |
Tasmania | 1901 | 1903 | TAS | Tasmania | Geographic location |
Throsby | 1984 | 2016 | NSW | Charles Throsby | Explorer |
Wakefield | 1903 | 2019 | SA | Edward Gibbon Wakefield | Pioneer |
Watson (I) | 1934 | 1969 | NSW | Chris Watson | Prime Minister |
West Sydney | 1901 | 1969 | NSW | Area of Western Sydney | Geographic location |
Wilmot | 1903 | 1984 | TAS | Sir John Eardley-Wilmot | Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land |
Wimmera | 1901 | 1977 | VIC | Wimmera region | Geographic location |
Yarra | 1901 | 1969 | VIC | Yarra River | Geographic location |
See also[]
- List of members of the Australian House of Representatives
- Australian electoral system
External links[]
References[]
- ^ "Research Report 4 – Australian Federal Redistributions 1901–2003: The Redistribution process". aec.gov.au. Australian Electoral Commission. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ "Determination of membership entitlement to the House of Representatives". aec.gov.au. Australian Electoral Commission. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ Green, Antony. "2017-18 Federal Redistributions". abc.com.au. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- Politics of Australia
- Subdivisions of Australia
- Lists of Australian electorates
- Australia politics-related lists
- Australian House of Representatives