Foreign relations of the Philippines

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Trust rating of Six countries, November 2019[1]
Country Much trust Undecided Little trust M-L
 United States 80 11 8 +72
 Australia 54 27 17 +37
 Japan 56 20 22 +35
 Singapore 48 28 21 +26
 Vietnam 31 35 31 0
 China 21 23 54 -33

Foreign relations of the Philippines are administered by the President of the Philippines and the Department of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, the United States, and the Middle East.

The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations;[2] an elected member of the Security Council[3] and participant in the FAO, International Labour Organization (ILO), UNESCO and World Health Organization. Like most nations, the Philippines is a signatory of Interpol. The Philippines is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit and Association of Caribbean States (as observer). It was formerly a member of the now-defunct Latin Union and the SEATO. Declaring itself as independent of any major power block of nations, the Philippines is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Economically, the Philippines is a participant in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian Development Bank, the Colombo Plan, Group of 24, G-20, G-77, the World Bank, Next Eleven and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Foreign policy[]

The Philippines (in red) has embassies in various nations (in blue).

Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.

The Philippines actively engages with regional neighbors in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter of East Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional allies Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Relations with Vietnam and Cambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN.

The Republic of the Philippines considers itself a staunch ally of the United States and has supported many points of American foreign policy. This is evident in the Philippines' participation in the Iraq War and the War on Terror. Speaking to this support, U.S. President George W. Bush praised the Philippines as a bastion of democracy in the East and called the Philippines America's oldest ally in Asia. President Bush's speech on October 18, 2003, was only the second U.S. presidential address to the Philippine Congress; U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered the first.

With a robust relationship to the United States, the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo sought to establish closer ties to its earlier colonizer, Spain. This was inspired by the attendance of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía at the June 12, 1998 celebration honoring the centennial of the Philippines' independence from Spain. President Macapagal-Arroyo made two official visits to Spain during her presidency.

In recent years, the Philippines attaches great importance in its relations with China, and has established significant cooperation with the country.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

The Armed Forces of the Philippines has participated in various regional conflicts, including the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Recently, the Philippines sent peacekeeping forces to Iraq, in addition to civilian doctors, nurses and police. The Filipino mission was later recalled as collateral for the release of a Filipino hostage. As part of a UN Peacekeeping Operation, Philippine Army General Jaime de los Santos became the first commander of troops responsible for maintaining order in East Timor.

The Philippines is in tension with rival international claimants to various land and water territories in the South China Sea. The Philippines is currently in dispute with the People's Republic of China over the Camago and Malampaya gas fields. The two countries are also in dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. Additionally, the Philippines has a disputed claim over the Spratly Islands.

Relations with other Asian nations have been strong. Japan, which has been an active donor of aid, has close ties with the country. Relations with China have recently been expanded, especially with regards to the economy. The presence of a large South Korean expatriate community has led to the expansion of relations between the two nations. India has also been an important partner, as have countries outside of Asia such as Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, and Saudi Arabia.

In recent years, the Philippines has been distancing itself from the West due to its active role in the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77. This trend is reflected in its recent positions on Kosovo, Iran and Israel. Its relations with Japan, Indonesia, Australia, and Vietnam have strengthened into a new depth due to closer regional diplomatic, economic, cultural, and defense cooperation and the flaring tensions in the South China Sea dispute.

Relations with specific countries and regions[]

Note: Date of formal relations may have discrepancy of one day due to differences in time zone and the location where the agreement establishing formal relations was signed.

Asia[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Azerbaijan March 27, 1992[10]

President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has received the credentials of the incoming Filipino ambassador to Azerbaijan, Marilyn Jusayan Alarilla. During a meeting following the ceremony, the ambassador conveyed Filipino President Benigno Aquino III's greetings to the Azerbaijani leader. She noted the Philippines was interested in developing the cooperation with Azerbaijan in different areas, including energy, science and technologies. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev said there was potential for developing Azerbaijan–Philippines relations in many spheres, particularly the economic one.

 Bahrain January 1978[11]
Main article: Bahrain–Philippines relations
 Bangladesh February 24, 1972[12]
 Bhutan N/A

The Philippines has yet to establish diplomatic relations with Bhutan. However, numerous senators and high-profile dignitaries from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have expressed their intentions to spread the Gross National Happiness doctrine in the Philippines, seeing it as an effective and efficient way to enhance nation-building, environmental conservation, cultural propagation, and human rights. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank headquarters in Manila.[13]

In 2014, officials of the Royal Government of Bhutan visited the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center of the Philippines to gain insights about the country's PPP Program.[14]

 Brunei January 1, 1984
Main article: Brunei–Philippines relations

In April 2009, The Philippines and Brunei signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that sought to strengthen their bilateral cooperation in the fields of agricultural trade, innovation, and investments.[15] The MOU further strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.[16] The two countries have agreed to cooperate in plant science, crops technology, vegetable and fruit preservation, biotechnology, post-harvest technology, livestock, organic agriculture, irrigation and water resources and halal industry.[17]

 Burma September 29, 1956[18]
Main article: Burma–Philippines relations
 Cambodia August 1957[19]
Main article: Cambodia–Philippines relations
 China June 9, 1975
Main article: China–Philippines relations
See also: Hong Kong–Philippines relations
 East Timor May 20, 2002[20]
Main article: East Timor–Philippines relations
 India November 26, 1949[21]
Main article: India–Philippines relations
 Indonesia November 24, 1949[22]
Main article: Indonesia–Philippines relations
 Iran January 22, 1964[23]
Main article: Iran–Philippines relations
 Iraq January 12, 1975
Main article: Iraq–Philippines relations
 Israel February 26, 1958[24]
Main article: Israel–Philippines relations

The Philippines voted in favor of UN Resolution 181 concerning the partition of Palestine and the Creation of the State of Israel in 1947. The Philippines was among the 33 countries who supported the creation of Israel and the only Asian country who voted for the resolution.[25]

 Japan July 1943
Main article: Japan–Philippines relations
 Jordan March 1, 1976[26]

The Philippines and Jordan agreed to establish formal diplomatic relations and to exchange ambassadors on March 1, 1976.[26]

 Kazakhstan March 19, 1992[10]

Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and the Philippines were formally established on March 19, 1992. The Philippines maintains relations with Kazakhstan through its embassy in Russia. Kazakhstan has an honorary consulate in Manila.[27][28]

Trade between Kazakhstan and the Philippines amounted to 7.3 million U.S. dollars during the period from January to November 2010. In 2009, about 1,500 Kazakh tourists visited the Philippines. As of 2009, there are about 7,000 Overseas Filipino Workers who are working in Western Kazakhstan, mostly in the oil and gas sector. Kazakhstan is seeking Filipino investment in its economy.[29]

On 2011, Kazakhstan was planning to put up a Kazakh house in the Philippines in either Bonifacio Global City or Makati to showcase Kazakh products and promote its tourist destinations. There were also plans to put up a Philippine House in Kazakhstan for the same purpose and to put Filipino art exhibits in Kazakhstan.[30]

Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, and his 27 delegates arrived in the Philippines for a three-day state visit on November 10, 2003, at Villamor Air Base in Pasay. The Kazakh officials met with their Filipino counterparts and conducted meetings. Former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo met with Nazarbayev to finalize the Philippines' intent to import oil and coal from Kazakhstan and discussed possible infrastructure projects in the Central Asian country.[27]

The Philippines also supported Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum on security.[29]

 Kuwait
 Kyrgyzstan April 24, 1992[10]
 Laos January 14, 1955[31]
Main article: Laos–Philippines relations
 Lebanon
 Malaysia 1959
Main article: Malaysia–Philippines relations
 Maldives 1975[32]
 Mongolia October 11, 1973[33]
Main article: Mongolia–Philippines relations
   Nepal February 12, 1960

The Philippines and Nepal established diplomatic relations on February 12, 1960. Both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. There are about 300 Filipinos living in Nepal, mainly missionaries, professionals, skilled workers, volunteers, or spouses of Nepalese or other nationals as of March 2011. Approximately 500 Nepalese students are studying in the Philippines for their higher-level education.[34]

 North Korea July 12, 2000[35]
Main article: North Korea–Philippines relations
 Oman October 6, 1980
Main article: Oman–Philippines relations
 Pakistan September 8, 1949[36]
Main article: Pakistan–Philippines relations
 Palestine The Philippines was among the 138 countries that voted in favor of the United Nations resolution recognizing Palestine as a non-member state.[37]
 Qatar April 12, 1975
Main article: Philippines–Qatar relations
 Saudi Arabia September 24, 1969
Main article: Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations
 Singapore
Main article: Philippines–Singapore relations
 South Korea March 3, 1949
Main article: Philippines–South Korea relations

The Philippines was the fifth state to recognize the Republic of Korea and the first ASEAN country to establish relations with South Korea.[38][39]

 Sri Lanka January 10, 1961[40][41]
Main article: Philippines–Sri Lanka relations
 Syria September 4, 1946[42] The Republic of the Philippines formally established diplomatic relations with the Syrian Arab Republic on September 4, 1946. The Philippines has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an consulate in Manila.
 Thailand June 14, 1949[43]
Main article: Philippines–Thailand relations
 Taiwan N/A
Main article: Philippines–Taiwan relations

The Philippines recognizes the One-China policy but has informal relations with the Republic of China (ROC, also known as Taiwan) through the Manila Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Manila.

 Tajikistan March 25, 1992[10]
 Turkey June 13, 1949[44] See Philippines–Turkey relations
  • Philippines has an embassy in Ankara.[44]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Manila.[44]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$219.7 million in 2015 (Filipino exports/imports: 115.7/104 million USD).[45]
  • 2,200 Philippine nationals are residing in Turkey.[44]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Manila since March 2015.[44]
 United Arab Emirates June 17, 1980
Main article: Philippines–United Arab Emirates relations
 Uzbekistan April 13, 1992[10]

The first round of political consultations between the Philippines and Uzbekistan was held in Tashkent on March 3, 2011. Uzbekistan expressed its support for the Philippines' bid to gain observer status in the OIC and its hopes for the resolution of the Muslim insurgency mainly affecting the southern part of the Philippines. The Philippines highlighted untapped potential, despite remote geographical position, for developing trade and economic cooperation, especially between Filipino and Uzbek financial institutions.[46]

 Vietnam July 12, 1976
Main article: Philippines–Vietnam relations
 Yemen May 4, 1977[47]

In 2011, there were about 1,600 Filipinos working in Yemen with about a thousand in the capital of Sana'a. The majority worked in the health and petroleum industries. Yemen supports the Philippines' bid for observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and a peaceful resolution to the Islamic insurgency in the Philippines.[48]

Africa[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Angola September 14, 2001[49]
 Benin January 2, 2000[50]
 Burkina Faso October 10, 2002[51]
 Cameroon
 Cape Verde March 21, 2000[52]
 Republic of the Congo January 19, 2000[53]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo January 8, 2000[54]
 Djibouti February 25, 1998[55]
 Egypt January 18, 1955[56]
Main article: Egypt–Philippines relations
 Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea supported the Philippines's bid for a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council.[57]

Both the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea were former Spanish colonies. There are about 4,000 Filipino workers in Equatorial Guinea. There has been cordial ties especially in the fields of trade and investments, agriculture, education, cultural and technical cooperation. The Philippines is interested in partnering with Equatorial Guinean entities to conduct oil exploration and the possibility of importing oil from Equatorial Guinea. The Philippines is also interested in developing infrastructure for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery. He likewise expressed Philippine interest in developing facilities for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery.[58]

 Ethiopia 2013

The Philippines and Ethiopia signed their first air agreement in 2014.[59]

 Ghana March 5, 1957[60]

The Republic of Ghana has opened its consulate in the Philippines to extend and render assistance to Ghanaians and help maintain relations between the two countries.[61]

 Gambia June 26, 1996[62]
Main article: The Gambia–Philippines relations
 Guinea
 Guinea-Bissau October 26, 1976[47]
 Ivory Coast March 21, 1995[63]

There were some 100 Filipinos in Côte d'Ivoire, mostly professional and skilled workers and some permanent residents, and the Philippine government had repatriated 10 Filipinos after tensions in the country started following the second round of the 2010 presidential elections.[64]

 Kenya 1967[65]
Main article: Kenya–Philippines relations
 Lesotho April 15, 1998[66]
 Libya November 17, 1976
Main article: Libya–Philippines relations
 Madagascar 2014
 Mauritania September 30, 2013[67]
 Malawi May 3, 2001[68]
 Morocco December 27, 1975[47]
Main article: Morocco–Philippines relations
 Mozambique March 27, 1997[69]
 Nigeria 1962
Main article: Nigeria–Philippines relations
 São Tomé and Príncipe November 8, 2000[70]
 Senegal March 15, 1976[47]
 Sierra Leone 1991

Sierra Leone and the Philippines have pledged to strengthen bilateral relations to the mutual benefit of both countries. The two countries, vow to work further to expand their relations in the socio-economic, political and cultural fields.[71]

 Somalia
 South Africa November 1, 1993
Main article: Philippines–South Africa relations
 South Sudan March 13, 2013[72]
Main article: Philippines–South Sudan relations

The Philippines officially recognized South Sudan as a sovereign and independent state soon after South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011.[72]

 Sudan March 6, 1976[73]
 Tanzania
 Togo August 24, 2000[citation needed]
 Tunisia December 12, 1975[47]
 Zambia February 26, 1965[74]

Americas[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda July 16, 2010[75]
 Argentina 1948
Main article: Argentina–Philippines relations
 Bolivia January 6, 1970[76]

Bolivia and Philippines were both Spanish colonies, diplomatic relations between the two countries began in 1970. The Philippine Embassy in Buenos Aires exercised jurisdiction over Bolivia. Furthermore, the Embassy of Bolivia in Tokyo has jurisdiction over the Philippines, while the Philippine Embassy in Santiago, Chile, has jurisdiction over Bolivia. It also has two honorary consulates in Bolivia in the cities of La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra. There are about 15 Filipinos in Bolivia most of them are religious missionaries and others are married with Bolivians.[77]

 Brazil July 4, 1946
Main article: Brazil–Philippines relations
 Bahamas 1976[78]
 Barbados June 22, 2009

Barbados established formal relations with the Philippines with the signing of a Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations in New York on June 22, 2009. The establishment of relations was proposed by Barbados the year before through the Philippines' embassy in Caracas in Venezuela.[79]

With the closure of the Philippine Embassy in Caracas in 2012, jurisdiction was transferred to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.

 Belize April 19, 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 19, 1993.[80]

 Canada 1949
Main article: Canada–Philippines relations
 Chile July 4, 1946
Main article: Chile–Philippines relations
 Colombia July 5, 1946[81]
 Cuba September 3, 1952[82]
Main article: Cuba–Philippines relations
 Dominica May 3, 2011[83]
 Grenada
 Guyana September 25, 2008[84][85]
 Jamaica May 28, 1980[47]
 Mexico April 14, 1953
Main article: Mexico–Philippines relations
 Peru November 30, 1974[47]
Main article: Peru-Philippines relations
 Saint Kitts and Nevis August 11, 2000[86]
 Saint Lucia March 29, 2016[87]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines October 11, 2000[88]
 Trinidad and Tobago April 18, 2000[89]
 United States July 4, 1946
Main article: Philippines–United States relations
 Venezuela August 27, 1968
Main article: Philippines–Venezuela relations

Europe[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania
 Andorra February 22, 2000[90]
 Armenia May 20, 1992[10]
Main article: Armenia–Philippines relations
  • The Philippines and Armenia established bilateral relations in 1992.
  • Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan visited the Philippines in 2012, the highest government official of Armenia to ever visit the Philippines.[91]
  • Armenia has an ambassador resident in Hanoi.[92]
  • The Philippines has an ambassador resident in Moscow.[92]
 Austria 1993
Main article: Austria–Philippines relations
 Belarus May 22, 1996[93]
 Belgium 2009
Main article: Belgium–Philippines relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina January 12, 2001[94]
 Croatia February 25, 1993
Main article: Croatia–Philippines relations
 Czech Republic 1973
Main article: Czech Republic–Philippines relations
 Cyprus March 6, 1980[95]
 Denmark September 28, 1946
Main article: Denmark–Philippines relations
 Estonia September 17, 1991[96]
 Finland July 14, 1955

The Philippines and Finland share bilateral diplomatic relations established on July 14, 1955. The Philippines had an embassy in Helsinki, closed in 2012 due to a restructuring of the DFA's budget. Finland has an embassy in Manila. The Embassy in Manila is also the Finland's representative in some Pacific Island nations such as Palau, Micronesia and Marshall Islands.

 France June 26, 1947
Main article: France–Philippines relations
 Germany April 25, 1955
Main article: Germany–Philippines relations
 Georgia September 21, 1992[10]
 Greece 1947
Main article: Greece–Philippines relations
  Holy See April 9, 1951
Main article: Holy See–Philippines relations
 Hungary 1976
 Iceland February 24, 1999
Main article: Iceland–Philippines relations
 Ireland 1984
Main article: Ireland–Philippines relations
 Italy July 9, 1947[97]
Main article: Italy–Philippines relations
 Latvia December 17, 1991[98]
 Liechtenstein November 24, 1995[99]
 Lithuania December 15, 1991 The bilateral relations between Lithuania and the Philippines were established in December 15, 1991, months after the latter recognized the former's independence de jure.
 Malta
 Montenegro
 Netherlands
Main article: Netherlands–Philippines relations
 Norway March 2, 1948
Main article: Norway–Philippines relations
 Poland September 22, 1973[47]
Main article: Philippines–Poland relations
 Portugal 2003
 Romania April 12, 1975
Main article: Philippines–Romania relations
 Russia June 2, 1976
Main article: Philippines–Russia relations
 San Marino April 3, 2003[100]
 Serbia February 28, 1972[101]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1972.[102]
  • A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[103]
 Slovenia
 Spain September 27, 1947
Main article: Philippines–Spain relations
 Sweden 1947
Main article: Philippines–Sweden relations

Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Sweden were established in 1947, and have steadily intensified during the years. Sweden has long been a development partner of the Philippines. Sweden's cooperation with the Philippines focuses on issues concerning the environment, human rights, good governance, training, and assistance to non-government organizations (NGOs).

  Switzerland August 30, 1956
Main article: Philippines–Switzerland relations
 Turkey June 13, 1949[104]
Main article: Philippines–Turkey relations
 Ukraine April 7, 1992[10]
Main article: Philippines–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom July 4, 1946
Main article: Philippines–United Kingdom relations

Oceania[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia May 22, 1946
Main article: Australia–Philippines relations
 Cook Islands December 12, 2011[105]
 Fiji 1973[106]
 Micronesia[107] January 9, 1989
 Nauru[108] February 19, 1968
Main article: Nauru–Philippines relations
 New Zealand
Main article: New Zealand–Philippines relations
 Palau July 15, 1997
Main article: Palau–Philippines relations
 Papua New Guinea
Main article: Papua New Guinea–Philippines relations
 Samoa 1981[109]
 Solomon Islands September 27, 2004[110]
 Vanuatu 2015

Relations with former states[]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 South Vietnam
Main article: Philippines–South Vietnam relations

The Philippines recognized South Vietnam in July 1955. The Philippines sent troops to aid them in the Vietnam War.[111][112] The Philippine embassy in Saigon ceased operations on April 29, 1975

 South Yemen October 21, 1977[47]
Main article:
 Yugoslavia March 1, 1972[47]
Main article:
 Soviet Union
Main article: Philippines–Soviet Union relations

Multilateral relations[]

See also: International organization membership of the Philippines
Organizations Formal Relations Began Notes
 Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration together with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The Philippines was one of the Founding nations.

 European Union 2013
Main article: Philippines–European Union relations

The European Union and the Philippines shares diplomatic, economic, cultural and political relations. The European Union has provided €3 million to the Philippines to fight poverty and €6 million for counter-terrorism against terrorist groups in the Southern Philippines. The European Union is also the third largest trading partner of the Philippines. There are at least 31,961 Europeans (not including Spaniards) living in the Philippines.

 United Nations October 24, 1945
Main article: Philippines and the United Nations

When the Philippines joined signing the United Nations Charter in San Francisco, United States. This partnership has progressed since then into a number of development initiatives, activities and programs. Technical, financial and other forms of assistance to the Philippines began in the late 1940, as the country recovered from the ravages of World War II. The partnership between the United Nations and the Philippines began in 1945.

Issues[]

See also: Territories claimed by the Philippines

See also[]

References[]

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