Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a sovereign entity maintaining diplomatic relations with 112 sovereign states (including the Holy See).[1] Additionally, it has observer status or representation at multiple intergovernmental organisations.[2] The Order has non-diplomatic official relations with five more states: France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Canada.[1] The Order exchanges ambassadors with the European Union and the State of Palestine.[1][2]
At least five[clarification needed] other states maintain no relations with and do not recognize the passports of the Order: Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and Iceland.[3][4]
Bilateral relations[]
Diplomatic relations[]
# | Name | Diplomatic relations established[5] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Afghanistan | 2000 | |
2 | Albania | 1994 | |
3 | Angola | 13 December 2005 | |
4 | Antigua and Barbuda | 10 October 2009 | |
5 | Argentina | 1949 | |
6 | Armenia | 1998 | |
7 | Austria | 1957 | |
8 | Bahamas | 11 November 2008 | |
9 | Belarus | 1996 | |
10 | Belize | 2000 | |
11 | Benin | 1972 | |
12 | Bolivia | 1962 | |
13 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1997 | |
14 | Brazil | 1952 | |
15 | Bulgaria | 1994 | |
16 | Burkina Faso | 1973 | |
17 | Cambodia | 1993 | |
18 | Cameroon | 1961 | |
19 | Cape Verde | 1996 | |
20 | Central African Republic | 1981 | |
21 | Chad | 1989 | |
22 | Chile | 1956 | |
23 | Colombia | 1957 | |
24 | Comoros | 1981 | |
25 | Congo | 1992 | |
26 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1984 | |
27 | Costa Rica | 1958 | |
28 | Croatia | 22 December 1992[6] | |
29 | Cuba | 1960 | |
30 | Cyprus | 6 June 2012[7] | |
31 | Czech Republic | 1990 | |
32 | Dominican Republic | 1957 | |
33 | Ecuador | 1954[5] | On 10 February 2012, President Rafael Correa issued a decree to withdraw recognition and initiate the process of canceling relations,[8] starting from May.[1][5] Later on, the relations restored by President Lenín Moreno on 24 September 2019.[9] |
34 | Egypt | 1980 | |
35 | El Salvador | 1951 | |
36 | Equatorial Guinea | 1996 | |
37 | Eritrea | 1999 | |
38 | Estonia | 11 March 2020 | [10] |
39 | Ethiopia | 1970 | |
– | European Union | 1987 | Ambassador level relations.[2] |
40 | Gabon | 1963 | |
41 | Georgia | 1998 | |
42 | Germany | 15 November 2017 | Official relations at the level of delegation started in 1956,[5] then Diplomatic relations in 2017.[11] |
43 | Greece | 4 December 2021[12] | |
44 | Grenada | 6 November 2015 | [13] |
45 | Guatemala | 1959 | |
46 | Guinea | 1986 | |
47 | Guinea-Bissau | 1997 | |
48 | Guyana | 1999 | |
49 | Haiti | 1947 | |
50 | Holy See | 1930 | formerly relations from 1113[5]—[when?]. |
51 | Honduras | 1959 | |
52 | Hungary | 1990 | formerly relations from 1923[5]—[when?]. |
53 | Italy | 1956 | formerly relations from 1884-02-20[5]—[when?] and from 1935[5]—[when?]. |
54 | Ivory Coast | 1972 | |
55 | Jordan | 29 June 2003 | |
56 | Kazakhstan | 1998 | |
57 | Kenya | 14 September 2007 | |
58 | Kiribati | 2002 | |
59 | Latvia | 1995 | |
60 | Lebanon | 1954 | |
61 | Lesotho | 7 December 2021[14] | |
62 | Liberia | 1959 | |
63 | Liechtenstein | 1994 | |
64 | Lithuania | 1997 | |
65 | Madagascar | 1990 | |
66 | Mali | 1986 | |
67 | Malta | 1966 | |
68 | Marshall Islands | 2002 | |
69 | Mauritania | 1977 | |
70 | Mauritius | 1977 | |
71 | Micronesia | 12 November 1997[15] | |
72 | Moldova | 5 May 2001[16] | |
73 | Monaco | 1957 | Before 2009[specify] relations with Monaco were maintained through a diplomatic special mission,[17] but afterwards they were regularized.[1] |
74 | Montenegro | 5 September 2006 | |
75 | Morocco | 1986 | |
76 | Mozambique | 1997 | |
77 | Namibia | 2009 | |
78 | Nauru | 5 October 2018 | |
79 | Nicaragua | 1953 | |
80 | Niger | 1970 | |
81 | North Macedonia | 1996 | |
– | State of Palestine | September 2011 | Ambassador level relations.[1] |
82 | Panama | 1948 | |
83 | Paraguay | 1952 | |
84 | Peru | 1954 | |
85 | Philippines | 1965 | |
86 | Poland | 9 July 1990[18] | |
87 | Portugal | 1951 | |
88 | Romania | 24 May 1991[19] | |
89 | Russia | 7 August 1992[20] | Relations with the Russian Federation are maintained through a diplomatic special mission.[1] |
90 | Saint Lucia | 1999 | |
91 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1997 | |
92 | San Marino | 1969 | |
93 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1997 | |
94 | Senegal | 1965 | |
95 | Serbia | 2001 | |
96 | Seychelles | 1992 | |
97 | Sierra Leone | 2008 | |
98 | Slovakia | 1990 | |
99 | Slovenia | 1992 | |
100 | Somalia | 1961 | |
101 | Spain | 1937 | |
102 | Sudan | 1993 | |
103 | South Sudan | 14 November 2014 | [21] |
104 | Suriname | 1999 | |
105 | Tajikistan | 2001 | |
106 | Thailand | 1984 | |
107 | Timor-Leste | 18 September 2006 | |
108 | Togo | 1973 | |
109 | Turkmenistan | 30 October 2007 | |
110 | Ukraine | 9 February 2008 | |
111 | Uruguay | 1965 | |
112 | Venezuela | 1970 |
Official relations[]
Name | Official relations established | Region | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Belgium | 1960 | Europe | |
Canada | 4 June 2008 | Americas | |
France | 1982 | Europe | formerly relations from 1924-08-28[5]—[when?]. France does not recognise the SMOM as a subject of international law.[22] |
Luxembourg | 1995 | Europe | |
Switzerland | 1960 | Europe |
Unofficial relations[]
The Order of Malta has unofficial relations with the Republic of China through the Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[23]
Countries without established relations[]
Countries with which the Order currently has no established relations:
- Europe: Andorra, Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway
- Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Djibouti, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland
- Asia: People's Republic of China, Mongolia (accepts its stamps),[24] North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
- Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, Palau, Tuvalu, Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands, Niue
- The Americas: United States, Mexico, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago
Intergovernmental organizations[]
The Order of Malta has observer status at the following organizations:[2]
Organization | observer since | Notes |
---|---|---|
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | 1962[5] | |
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations | 1983[5] | |
International Atomic Energy Agency | 1983[5] | |
United Nations General Assembly | 24 August 1994[5] | |
International Fund for Agricultural Development | ||
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific | ||
United Nations Environment Programme | ||
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights | ||
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ||
United Nations Industrial Development Organization | ||
World Food Programme | ||
World Health Organization |
The Order of Malta has delegations or representations to the following organizations:[2]
Organization | participates since | Notes |
---|---|---|
Council of Europe | 1975[5] | |
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law | 1984[5] | |
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission | ||
Inter-American Development Bank | ||
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property | ||
International Committee of Military Medicine | ||
International Committee of the Red Cross | ||
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | ||
International Institute of Humanitarian Law | ||
International Organization for Migration | ||
Latin Union |
See also[]
- List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- List of Permanent Observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations
References[]
- ^ a b c d e f g Sovereign Order of Malta. "Bilateral relations". Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Sovereign Order of Malta. "Multilateral relations". Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "SMOM Bilateral relations with countries". Orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ "Council of the European Union - Schengen Visa Working Party - Table of travel documents". Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Diplomatic Relation of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" (DOC). Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Sovereign Order of Malta formally established". Orderofmalta.int. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "La Orden Soberana de Malta". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "A renewed friendship between Ecuador and the Order of Malta". Order of Malta. 24 September 2019.
- ^ "Estonia and Sovereign Order of Malta establish diplomatic relations". Order of Malta. 11 March 2020.
- ^ "Official Visit of the German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel, for the opening of diplomatic relations between Germany and the Order of Malta". Orderofmalta.int. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
- ^ "Sovereign Order of Malta announces opening of diplomatic relations with Hellenic Republic". 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations with Grenada". Orderofmalta.int. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Order of Malta's mission to the UN in New York announces opening of diplomatic ties with the Kingdom of Lesotho". 7 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Fsmgov.org. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Primul Ambasador al Republicii Moldova pe lângă Ordinul Suveran Militar de Malta – decorat cu o înaltă distincție (foto) (in Romanian).
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Odpowiedź na zapytanie w sprawie stanu stosunków dyplomatycznych utrzymywanych przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską z Suwerennym Zakonem Rycerskim Szpitalników im. Jana Jerozolimskiego, zwanym Zakonem Maltańskim". Orka2.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ Ordinul Suveran de Malta în România (in Romanian).
- ^ "Мальтийские Игры". Hist.ru. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "The Order of Malta strengthens its action in South Sudan three years after the birth of the nation". Orderofmalta.int. 17 November 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "The Sovereignty of the Order of Malta". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Donation to the Holy Family Hospital from the Republic of China (Taiwan)". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
- ^ "Associate Countries". Orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta