Indian Institutes of Technology
Other name | IIT or IITs (plural) |
---|---|
Type | Public Technical University |
Established | 15 September 1956 under the Indian Institute of Technology Act 1956 |
Parent institution | Ministry of Education , Government of India |
Location | 23 cities in India |
Language | English |
Website | www |
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are autonomous public technical universities located across India. It is under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Education , Government of India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, which has declared them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance.[1][2] The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists twenty-three institutes.[3] Each IIT is autonomous, linked to the others through a common council (IIT Council), which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education is the ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council.[4] As of 2020, the total number of seats for undergraduate programs in all IITs is 16,053.[5]
List of institutes[]
No. | Name | Abbreviation | Founded | Established as IIT | State/UT | UG Seats 2020 | Campus Area (acre) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | IIT Kharagpur | IITKGP | 1951 | 1951 | West Bengal | 1673 | 2100 |
2 | IIT Bombay | IITB | 1958 | 1958 | Maharashtra | 1204 | 550 |
3 | IIT Madras | IITM | 1959 | 1959 | Tamil Nadu | 1054 | 617 |
4 | IIT Kanpur | IITK | 1959 | 1959 | Uttar Pradesh | 942 | 1055 |
5 | IIT Delhi | IITD | 1961 | 1961 | Delhi | 1152 | 325 |
6 | IIT Guwahati | IITG | 1994 | 1994 | Assam | 795 | 700 |
7 | IIT Roorkee | IITR | 1847 | 2001[9] | Uttarakhand | 1218 | 365 |
8 | IIT Ropar | IITRPR | 2008 | 2008 | Punjab | 292 | 501 |
9 | IIT Bhubaneswar | IITBBS | 2008 | 2008 | Odisha | 437 | 936 |
10 | IIT Gandhinagar | IITGN | 2008 | 2008 | Gujarat | 226 | 400 |
11 | IIT Hyderabad | IITH | 2008 | 2008 | Telangana | 425 | 576 |
12 | IIT Jodhpur | IITJ | 2008 | 2008 | Rajasthan | 451 | 852 |
13 | IIT Patna | IITP | 2008 | 2008 | Bihar | 363 | 501 |
14 | IIT Indore | IITI | 2009 | 2009 | Madhya Pradesh | 325 | 515 |
15 | IIT Mandi | IITMD | 2009 | 2009 | Himachal Pradesh | 310 | 565 |
16 | IIT (BHU) Varanasi | IIT (BHU) | 1919 | 2012[10] | Uttar Pradesh | 1513 | 1300 |
17 | IIT Palakkad | IITPKD | 2015[11] | 2015 | Kerala | 174 | 505 |
18 | IIT Tirupati | IITTP | 2015 | 2015 | Andhra Pradesh | 224 | 500 |
19 | IIT (ISM) Dhanbad | IIT (ISM) | 1926 | 2016[12] | Jharkhand | 1007 | 593+240 (under construction) |
20 | IIT Bhilai | IITBH | 2016[13] | 2016 | Chhattisgarh | 173 | 432 |
21 | IIT Jammu | IITJMU | 2016[14] | 2016 | Jammu and Kashmir | 227 | 400 |
22 | IIT Goa | IITGOA | 2016[15] | 2016 | Goa | 125 | 320 |
23 | IIT Dharwad | IITDH | 2016[16] | 2016 | Karnataka | 160 | 470 |
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IIT_Kharagpur_Old_Building_1951.jpg/220px-IIT_Kharagpur_Old_Building_1951.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Library_reading_hall.jpg/220px-Library_reading_hall.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IITG.jpg/220px-IITG.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/IIT_Madras_Research_Park.jpg/220px-IIT_Madras_Research_Park.jpg)
The history of the IIT system nearly dates back to 1946 when Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive Council set up a committee whose task was to consider the creation of Higher Technical Institutions for post-war industrial development in India. The 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with affiliated secondary institutions.[17]
The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur, West Bengal.[18] The name "Indian Institute of Technology" was adopted before the formal inauguration of the institute on 18 August 1951 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.[19] On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956 said:[20]
Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India.
On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance.[21] The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.[1] Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to the establishment of a sixth institution at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1994. In 2001, the University of Roorkee was converted into IIT Roorkee.[9] Over the past few years, there have been a number of developments toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary promise and potential".[22] Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee, in November 2003, to guide the selection of the five institutions which would be converted into IITs. Based on the initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that new IITs should be spread throughout the country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs,[23] only seven colleges were selected for final consideration.[24] Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, although there has not been much progress in this regard.[25] Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs.
In 2008 to 2009, eight new IITs were set up in Gandhinagar, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ropar, and Mandi. Following same selection process since 1972, in 2012 the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of the IITs and renamed as IIT (BHU) Varanasi.[10]
In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad, Dharwad, Bhilai, Goa, and Jammu, approved through a 2016 bill amendment, were founded, along with the conversion of Indian School of Mines Dhanbad into IIT (ISM) Dhanbad.[12]
The entire allocation by the central government for 2017-18 budget for all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) was slightly over ₹70 billion (US$980 million). However, the aggregate money spent by Indian students for tertiary education in the United States was about six times more than what the central government spends on all IITs.[26]
Organisational structure[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IIT-Organisational-structure.svg/300px-IIT-Organisational-structure.svg.png)
The President of India is the most powerful person in the organisational structure of Indian Institutes of Technology, being the ex officio Visitor,[27] and having residual powers. Directly under the President is the IIT Council, which comprises the minister-in-charge of technical education in the Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the Chairman of the University Grants Commission, the Director General of CSIR, the Chairman of IISc, the Director of IISc, three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Education, and three appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE, and the Visitor.[28]
Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under the Board of Governors is the Director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT.[29] Under the Director, in the organisational structure, comes the Deputy Director. Under the Director and the Deputy Director, come the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of the IIT and overviews the day-to-day operations.[29] Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.[30]
The Institutes of Technology Act[]
The Institutes of Technology act was later taken as the base for the following years up until date. The Act primarily accepted few IITs as Institutes of National Importance and converted them from 'Societies' to University status.
Education[]
The IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India.[31] While the total government funding to most other engineering colleges is around ₹ 100–200 million ($2–4 million) per year, the amount varies between ₹ 900–1300 million ($19–27 million) per year for each IIT.[24] Other sources of funds include student fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the IITs is between 1:6 and 1:8.[32] The Standing Committee of IIT Council (SCIC) prescribes the lower limit for faculty-to-student ratio as 1:9, applied department wise. The IITs subsidise undergraduate student fees by approximately 80% and provide scholarships to all Master of Technology students and Research Scholars in order to encourage students for higher studies, per the recommendations of the Thacker Committee (1959–1961).[33] The cost borne by undergraduate students is around ₹180,000 per year.[34] After students from SC and ST categories, physically challenged students will now[when?] be the beneficiaries of fee waiver at the IITs in India.[citation needed]
The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as Institutes of National Importance facilitates the smooth running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their own curricula and adapt rapidly to the changes in educational requirements, free from bureaucratic hurdles. The government has no direct control over internal policy decisions of IITs (like faculty recruitment and curricula) but has representation on the IIT Council. The medium of instruction in all IITs is English.[35] The classes are usually held between 7:30 am and 5:30 pm, though there are some variations within each IIT. All the IITs have public libraries for the use of their students. In addition to a collection of prescribed books, the libraries have sections for fiction and other literary genres[citation needed]. The electronic libraries allow students to access on-line journals and periodicals. The IITs and IISc have taken an initiative along with Ministry of Human Resource Development to provide free online videos of actual lectures of different disciplines under National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning. This initiative is undertaken to make quality education accessible to all students.[36]
The academic policies of each IIT are decided by its Senate. This comprises all professors of the IIT and student representatives. Unlike many western universities that have an elected senate, the IITs have an academic senate. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic matters. The teaching, training and research activities of the institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain educational standards.[37] The Director of an IIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate.
All the IITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with proportional weighting of courses based on their importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of grades, with a grade value (out of 10) assigned to a range of marks. Sometimes, relative grading is done considering the overall performance of the whole class. For each semester, the students are graded on a scale of 0 to 10 based on their performance, by taking a weighted average of the grade points from all the courses, with their respective credit points. Each semester evaluation is done independently and then the weighted average over all semesters is used to calculate the cumulative Grade Point Average (known as CGPA or CPI—Cumulative Performance Index).
Undergraduate education degrees[]
The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree is the most common undergraduate degree in the IITs in terms of student enrolment,[citation needed] although dual degrees integrating Master of Science or Master of Arts are also offered. The BTech course is based on a 4-year program with eight semesters,[38] while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs with ten semesters. In all IITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by a common course structure for all the students, though in some IITs, a single department introduction related course is also included.[39] The common courses include the basics from most of the departments like Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Electrical and Physics. At the end of first year (the end of first semester at IIT Madras, IIT Hyderabad, IIT Bhilai, IIT Palakkad, and IIT Roorkee), an option to change departments is given to meritorious students on the basis of their performance in the first two semesters.[40] Few such changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict,[40] limited to the most meritorious students.
From the second year onward, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments.[41] In addition to these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments in order to broaden their education. Separate compulsory courses from humanities and social sciences department, and sometimes management courses are also enforced.[42] In the last year of their studies, most of the students are placed into industries and organisations via the placement process of the respective IIT, though some students opt out of this either when going for higher studies or when they take up jobs by applying to the companies directly.[43]
Postgraduate education[]
Master's degrees and postgraduate diplomas[]
The IITs offer a number of postgraduate programs including Master of Technology (MTech), Master of Business Administration (MBA) (only for engineers and post graduates in science), and Master of Science (MSc). Some IITs offer specialised graduate programmes such as Master of Design (M.Des.), the Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology (PGDIT), Master in Medical Science and Technology (MMST), Master of City Planning (MCP), Master of Arts (MA), Postgraduate Diploma in intellectual property Law (PGDIPL), and the Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Operation & Management (PGDMOM).
Some of the IITs offer an M.S. (by research) program; the MTech and M.S. are similar to the US universities' non-thesis (course based) and thesis (research based) masters programs respectively. Admissions to masters programs in engineering are made using scores of the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), while those to masters programs in science are made using scores of the Joint Admission Test for M.Sc. (JAM).
Several IITs have schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration.
In April 2015, IIT Bombay launched the first U.S.-India joint EMBA program alongside Washington University in St. Louis.[44]
Bachelors-Masters dual degrees[]
The IITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years[45] as against six years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years).[46] Integrated Master of Science programs are also offered at few IITs which integrates the Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree program against the conventional University system. These programs were started to allow its graduates to complete postgraduate studies from IIT rather than having to go to another institute.
Doctoral[]
The IITs also offer the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) as part of their doctoral education programme. In it, the candidates are given a topic of academic interest by the professor or have to work on a consultancy project given by the industries. The duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. PhD candidates have to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. Teaching Assistantships (TA) and Research Assistantships (RA) are often provided.
The IITs, along with NITs and IISc, account for nearly 80% of all engineering PhDs in India.[47] IITs now allow admission in PhD programs without the mandatory GATE score.[48][49]
Post Doctorate[]
- Postdoctoral researcher
- Post-doctoral degree
Culture and student life[]
All the IITs provide on-campus residential facilities to the students, research scholars and faculty. The students live in hostels (sometimes referred to as halls) throughout their stay in the IIT. Students in all IITs must choose among National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Sports Organisation (NSO) in their first years.[50] All the IITs have sports grounds for basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, volleyball, lawn tennis, badminton, athletics and swimming pools for aquatic events. Usually the hostels also have their own sports grounds.
Moreover, an Inter IIT Sports Meet is organised annually where participants from all 23 IITs contest for the General Championship Trophy in 13 different sports.
Technical and cultural festivals[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Rocknite.jpg/220px-Rocknite.jpg)
All IITs organise annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Shaastra (IIT Madras), Kshitij (IIT Kharagpur), Techfest (IIT Bombay), Technex (IIT-BHU Varanasi), Cognizance (IIT Roorkee), Concetto (IIT-ISM Dhanbad), Nvision (IIT Hyderabad), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Amalthea, (IIT Gandhinagar), Techkriti (IIT Kanpur), Tryst (IIT Delhi), Techniche (IIT Guwahati), Wissenaire (IIT Bhubaneswar), Technunctus (IIT Jammu), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Fluxus (IIT Indore), Celesta (IIT Patna) and IGNUS (IIT Jodhpur). Most of them are organised in the months of January or March. Techfest (IIT Bombay) is also one of the most popular and largest technical festivals in Asia in terms of participants and prize money involved. It has been granted patronage from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for providing a platform to students to showcase their talent in science and technology. Shaastra holds the distinction of being the first student-managed event in the world to implement a formal Quality Management System, earning ISO 9001:2000 certification.[51] Kshitij, which is branded as a techno-management festival due to its emphasis on both technology and management, is the largest of these festivals by sponsorship money.
Annual cultural festivals are also organised by the IITs and last three to four days. These include Thomso (IIT Roorkee), Kashiyatra (IIT BHU Varanasi), Alcheringa (IIT Guwahati), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Saarang (IIT Madras, previously Mardi Gras), Spring Fest (IIT Kharagpur, also known as SF), Rendezvous (IIT Delhi), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Tirutsava (IIT Tirupati), Srijan (IIT ISM Dhanbad), Tarang (culfest) (previously Rave), Anwesha (IIT Patna), SPANDAN (IIT Jodhpur), Infinito (IIT Jammu), Petrichor (IIT Palakkad), Blithchron (IIT Gandhinagar), ELAN (IIT Hyderabad), Alma Fiesta (IIT Bhubaneswar), Mood Indigo (IIT Bombay, also known as Mood-I), Antaragni (IIT Kanpur) and Zeitgeist (IIT Ropar).
Academic rankings[]
IITs are generally ranked above other engineering colleges in India for Engineering. According to Outlook India's Top Engineering Colleges of 2017, the top four engineering colleges within India were IITs.[52] [1] IIT Delhi was the highest-ranked IIT internationally, ranking 172nd in the QS World University Rankings of 2018, followed by IIT Bombay (179th), while 3 other IITs (IIT Madras at 264, IIT Kanpur at 293 and IIT Kharagpur at 308) made it to the top 310.[53]
In the 2019 QS World University Ranking, IIT Bombay ranked highest at 001, followed by IIT Delhi (002), IIT Madras (264), IIT Kanpur (283), IIT Kharagpur (295), IIT Roorkee (381) and IIT Guwahati (472).[54]
Name | 2019 QS World[55] | 2018 QS World[56] | 2017 QS World[57] | 2019 Times World[58] | 2020 URAP[59] | 2020 NIRF[60] | 2019 NIRF[61] | 2018 NIRF[62] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IIT Bombay | 162 | 179 | 219 | 401-500 | 494 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
IIT Delhi | 172 | 172 | 185 | 401-500 | 511 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
IIT Madras | 264 | 264 | 249 | 601-800 | 554 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
IIT Kanpur | 283 | 293 | 302 | 501-600 | 651 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
IIT Kharagpur | 295 | 308 | 313 | 501-600 | 485 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
IIT Roorkee | 381 | 431-440 | 399 | 401-500 | 615 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
IIT Guwahati | 472 | 501-550 | 481-490 | 601-800 | 721 | 7 | 9 | 12 |
IIT Hyderabad | N/A | N/A | N/A | 601-800 | 1287 | 17 | 22 | 22 |
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad | N/A | N/A | N/A | 801-1000 | 956 | 22 | 25 | 13 |
IIT (BHU) Varanasi | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1118 | 26 | 28 | 28 |
IIT Indore | N/A | N/A | N/A | 351-400 | 1140 | 23 | ||
IIT Bhubaneswar | N/A | N/A | N/A | 601-800 | 1697 | 56 | 46 | 51 |
IIT Ropar | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1336 | 39 | 29 | 21 |
IIT Gandinagar | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1426 | 35 | 51 | 39 |
IIT Patna | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1842 | 54 | 58 | 69 |
IIT Mandi | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1884 | 67 | 44 | |
IIT Jodhpur | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2452 | N/A |
In the 2017 QS World Rankings by Subject, IIT Dhanbad featured at 24th, followed by IIT Kharagpur at 35th, in Engineering – Mining and Mineral Science.[2][63] In the same ranking, IIT Delhi secured 49th place for Electrical Engineering.[64] The only IIT that was listed in the top 400 by the Times Higher Education rankings 2018 was IIT Bombay in the 351–400 category. The Times Asia Rankings 2018 featured IIT Bombay, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Delhi at 44th, 60th, 65th, 81st, and 86th respectively. In 2016, a new IIT, IIT Indore, was ranked 8th in the world, followed by IIT Kanpur (which was ranked 9th), under a ranking released by HackerRank for the world's best coders.[65] The QS BRICS rankings of some IITs in 2018 : IIT Bombay (9th), Delhi (17th), Madras (18th), Kanpur (21st), Kharagpur (24th), Roorkee (51st), Guwahati (52nd), Hyderabad (100th), and Patna (108th).[66]
Criticism[]
The IITs have faced criticism from within and outside academia. Major concerns include allegations that they encourage brain drain and that their stringent entrance examinations encourage coaching colleges and put heavy pressure on the student's body. Recently some prominent IITians have also questioned the quality of teaching and research in IITs.[67][68][69] In the recent past, the number of student suicides has attracted significant attention.[70]
Brain drain[]
Among the criticisms of the IIT system by the media and academia, a common notion is that it encourages brain drain. This trend has been reversed somewhat (dubbed the reverse brain drain) as hundreds of IIT graduates, who have pursued further studies in the US, started returning to India in the 1990s.[71] Additionally, IIT alumni are giving back generously to their parent institutions.[citation needed] Until liberalisation started in the early 1990s, India experienced large scale emigration of IITians to developed countries, especially to the United States. Since 1953, nearly twenty-five thousand IITians have settled in the US.[72] Since the US benefited from subsidised education in IITs at the cost of Indian taxpayers' money, critics say that subsidising education in IITs is useless. Others support the emigration of graduates, arguing that the capital sent home by the IITians has been a major source of the expansion of foreign exchange reserves for India, which, until the 1990s, had a substantial trade deficit.[citation needed]
The extent of intellectual loss receded substantially over the 1990s and 2000s, with the percentage of students going abroad dropping from as high as 70% at one time to around 30% in 2005.[71] This is largely attributed to the liberalisation of the Indian economy and the opening of previously closed markets. Government initiatives are encouraging IIT students into entrepreneurship programs and are increasing foreign investment. Emerging scientific and manufacturing industries, and outsourcing of technical jobs from North America and Western Europe have created opportunities for aspiring graduates in India. Many undergraduates go abroad to pursue further studies, such as MS, MBA, and PhD.
Entrance competition[]
The highly competitive examination in the form of IIT-JEE has led to the establishment of a large number of coaching institutes throughout the country that provide intensive, and specific preparation for the IIT-JEE for substantial fees. It is argued that this favours students from specific regions and richer backgrounds. Some coaching institutes say that they have individually coached nearly 800 successful candidates year after year.[73] According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all students who clear the IIT-JEE had joined coaching classes.[74] Indeed, this was the case regarding preparation for IIT entrance exams even decades ago. In a January 2010 lecture at the Indian Institute of Science, the 2009 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan revealed that he failed to get a seat at any of the Indian engineering and medical colleges.[75] He also said that his parents, being old-fashioned, did not believe in coaching classes to prepare for the IIT entrance exam and considered them to be "nonsense".[75]
In a documentary aired by CBS, Vinod Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems states, "The IITs probably are the hardest schools in the world to get into, to the best of my knowledge".[76] The documentary further concludes, "Put Harvard, MIT, and Princeton together, and you begin to get an idea of the status of IIT in India" to depict the competition as well as demand for the elite institutes.
Not all children are of a similar aptitude level and may be skilled in different paradigms and fields. This has led to criticism of the way the examinations are conducted and the way a student is forced in the Indian community. The IIT-JEE format was restructured in 2006 following these complaints.[77] After the change to the objective pattern of questioning, even the students who initially considered themselves not fit for subjective pattern of IIT-JEE decided to take the examination. Though the restructuring was meant to reduce the dependence of students on coaching classes, it led to an increase in students registering for coaching classes.[78] Some people (mostly IITians) have criticised the changed pattern of the IIT-JEE. Their reasoning is that while IIT-JEE traditionally used to test students understanding of fundamentals and ability to apply them to solve tough unseen problems, the current pattern does not stress much on the application part and might lead to a reduced quality of students.[79]
IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi, making it harder for students with regional languages as their main language. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court has acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, for conducting the exams in Gujarati.[80] A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.[81] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages is in violation of article 14 of the Constitution of India.[82] More recently, in November 2019, the Ministry of Education has directed the National Testing Agency to prepare for conducting the test in at least 11 languages which include Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Odiya, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.[83] This will be offered from 2021. IIT council has recommended major changes in entrance examination structure which will be effected from 2017 onward.[84]
Alumni[]
As of 2019, IITs have more than 250,000 alumni.[85][86]
See also[]
- Indian Institutes of Management
- Indian Institutes of Information Technology
- International Institutes of Information Technology
- National Institutes of Technology
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961" (PDF). Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. 24 May 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "IIT Act (As amended till 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Problem of plenty: As IITs multiply, the brand value diminishes". Hindustan Times. 29 June 2015. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
- ^ "IIT Council Portal". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "IIT success kiss from 2 Telugu powerhouses". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "Gazette Notification of the Bill" (PDF). 29 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ "Institute History – Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur". IIT Kharagpur. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ "Which is the largest IIT (campus area wise)? - Quora". www.quora.com. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Information notification, University of Roorkee to IIT Roorkee. "The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2002" (PDF). The eGazette of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Information notification, IT-BHU to IIT (BHU) Varanasi. "The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2011" (PDF). The eGazette of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ "JEE Advanced 2015: IIT Bombay announces that 4 new IITs will admit students from this session". Prepsure.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Information notification, ISM Dhanbad to IIT (ISM) Dhanbad. "The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016" (PDF). The eGazette of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ "Chhattisgarh to open IIT campus in Bhilai". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ "IIT Jammu to be set up at Chak Bhalwal". Press Trust of India. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Failure to identify land likely to delay setting up of IIT in Goa". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Dharwad will host first IIT of Karnataka". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur". 13 August 2007. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "Inaugurated In Kharagpur In 1951, The First Indian Institute of Technology Turns 66 Today". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ "Inaugurated In Kharagpur In 1951, The First Indian Institute of Technology Turns 66 Today". The Times of India. 18 August 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ Kharagpur, Indian Institute of Technology (14 May 2006). "Institute History". Archived from the original on 8 July 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ See "more IIT" in references below. Under "Final selection", third paragraph
- ^ Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (23 March 2005). "The making of new IITs". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (18 August 2005). "The march of the new IITs". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (25 May 2005). "New IITs: A long journey ahead". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Times News Network (1 May 2005). "Desi IITs in pardes: conditions apply". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ "Indian students spend USD 6.54 billion in US, near three times more than FDI flow from North America | Business News". www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- ^ "Visitor of the Institute". IIT Kharagpur. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "IIT-Council". IIT Kharagpur. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 21 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Organisational Structure". IIT Kharagpur. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Organizational Structure". Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. 3 March 2006. Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ "Performance based funding of IITs" (PDF). IISc. 10 February 2004. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Rajguru, Suvarna (30 December 2005). "What makes the IITs so chic". LittleINDIA. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ Natarajan, R. "The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India" (PDF). CAGS 2005 Conference. Canadian Association for Graduate Studies. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ "Kakodkar panel suggests steep hike in tuition fee at IITs". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "B.Tech Ordinances". iitm.ac.in. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ^ "NPTEL". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 March 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ Prabhu, S.S. (September–November 2000). "Engineering Education in a Flux". Report of the Review Committee. IIT Kanpur. Archived from the original on 4 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ "Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance No.3)". Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.4.2:Class Committee)". Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.5.0:Change of Branch)". Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.2.0 (ii))". Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ "Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.2.0 (iii))". Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
- ^ Senate, IIT Madras. "BTech Ordinances". Senate Ordinances. IIT Madras. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2006.
- ^ "First U.S.-India joint EMBA program begins". Global. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ Ordinance under Ordinance No. 3 Archived 17 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Natarajan, R. "The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India" (PDF). CAGS 2005 Conference. Canadian Association for Graduate Studies. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ Natarajan, R. "The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India" (PDF). CAGS 2005 Conference. Canadian Association for Graduate Studies. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2005.
- ^ "Getting Admission to PhD Seats in IITs gets simplified". Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^ "Students of central institutes can join PhD in IITs without GATE". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Different academic programmes at IIT".
- ^ The Director, IIT Madras (8 May 2005). "Director's Report" (PDF). IIT Madras. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2006.
- ^ "Top 100 Engineering Colleges in 2017". Outlook India. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2018". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ "Top Universities". Top Universities. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2019". Top Universities. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2018". Top Universities. 1 February 2017. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2017". Top Universities. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "2018-2019 URAP World University Ranking".
- ^ "MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". nirfindia.org. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ "MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". nirfindia.org. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
- ^ "MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)". nirfindia.org. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
- ^ "IIT(ISM) Dhanbad worldwide rankings". IITISM.com. 1 June 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited.
- ^ "Which Universities Have the Best Coders in the World? - HackerRank Blog". HackerRank Blog. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ^ "QS University Rankings: BRICS 2018". 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- ^ "IIT, IIM faculty not world-class: Jairam Ramesh". India Education Review. 24 May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ^ "What ails the IITs; Anil K Rajvanshi". Yahoo News India. 25 October 2011. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Poor quality of students entering IITs: Narayana Murthy - The Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "Suicides at IITS not due to academic stress alone". 13 May 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Trend of brain drain on reverse to India". Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian News Service. 7 March 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (2006). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. USA: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 104–105. ISBN 0-374-29288-4.
- ^ "Successful students in IIT-JEE 2005". Brilliant Tutorials. Archived from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Idichandy, V G (11 October 2005). "Why the IIT-JEE pattern was changed". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Nobel laureate Venkat Ramakrishnan failed IIT, medical entrance tests". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Imported from India".
- ^ "Change in IIT-JEE pattern from academic year 2006". Education4India.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Rukmini Shrinivasan & Hemali Chhapia (31 March 2006). "3 lakh students to vie for IIT entry this year". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
- ^ Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey (4 May 2005). "Crack the IIT code, it's too easy". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2006.
- ^ "Sahitya Parishad demands entrance tests in Gujarati". The Times of India. 21 September 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ "Another PIL seeks entrance tests in Gujarati". The Times of India. 21 October 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ "Plea to write IIT entrance in Tamil". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ^ "From 2021, JEE (Main) in 11 languages".
- ^ "Changes in IIT Entrance Examination Structure".
- ^ "PM's inaugural address at the 'PAN IIT-2008' – IIT Alumni Global Conference". Press Information Bureau. 19 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
- ^ "Student statistics".
Further reading[]
- Rajguru; Pant, Ranjan (2003). IIT India's Intellectual Treasures. India: Indus Media. ISBN 0-9747393-0-8.
- Kripalani, Manjeet; Engardio, Pete; Spiro, Leah Nathans (1998). "INDIA'S WHIZ KIDS – Inside the Indian Institutes of Technology's star factory". Bloomberg BusinessWeek (International ed.).
- Kirpal, Viney; Gupta, Meenakshi (1999). Equality Through Reservations. India: Vedams. ISBN 81-7033-526-4.
- Deb, Sandipan (2004). The IITians. India: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-04986-7.
- Rajguru, Suvarna (30 December 2005). "What makes the IITs so chic". LittleINDIA. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- Gates, Bill (17 January 2003). "Bill Gates Speech Transcript – Indian Institute of Technology 50th Anniversary Celebration Keynote". Microsoft corporation. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
- Bhagat, Chetan (2004). Five Point Someone - What not to do at IIT. India: Rupa & Co. ISBN 81-291-0459-8.
- Agarwal, Rajeev (2013). What I Did Not Learn at IIT. India: Random House. ISBN 978-8-184-00486-1.
- Subbarao, E.C. (2008). An Eye for Excellence – 50 innovative years of IIT Kanpur. India: Harper Collins India. ISBN 978-81-7223-769-1.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Indian Institutes of Technology |
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Institutes of Technology. |
- Official website IIT Council
- The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 (PDF)
- Indian Institutes of Technology
- Nehru administration
- Technical universities and colleges in India