List of Qing ambans in Tibet

The residence of the Amban in Tiebet

The letter from Governor Wenshuo to the Prime Minister of Nepal, in 1887

From 1727 until 1912, roughly corresponded to the era of Tibet under Qing rule, the Qing Emperor appointed "imperial commissioner-resident of Tibet" (Chinese: 欽差駐藏辦事大臣). The official rank of the imperial resident is amban (Tibetan: བོད་བཞུགས་ཨམ་བན, bod bzhugs am ban, colloquially "High Commissioner"). With increasing diplomatic contacts between the British and the Qing in from the 1890s, some assistant ambans (Chinese: 欽差駐藏幫辦大臣) were just as notable as the senior ambans. Two of them, and Zhao Erfeng, who were stationed in Chamdo, were both murdered, the former in the Batang uprising and the latter in Xinhai Revolution.

List[]

The ethnicity of several ambans are unknown. By ethnicity, of the 80 ambans, most were Manchu and four were Han: , , , and Zhao Erfeng. At least fifteen Mongols were known to have served as ambasa, perhaps more.

(H=Han, M=Mongol, ?=unknown, unmarked=Manchu)

• 僧格 1727–1733
• 馬臘 1728,1729–1731, 1733–1736
• 邁祿 1727–1733
• 周瑛 1727–1729 (Han)
• 包進忠 1729–1732 (Han)
• 青保 1731–1734 (Mongol)
• 苗壽 1731–1734
• 李柱 1732–1733
• 阿爾珣 1734
• 那素泰 1734–1737
• 杭弈祿 1737–1738
• 紀山 1738–1741
• 索拜 1741–1744, 1747–1748
• 傅清 1744–1748
• 拉布敦 1748–1749
• 同寧 1750
• 班第 1750–1752 (the first with official Amban title)
• 多爾濟 1752–1754 (?)
• 薩拉善 1754–1757
• 官保 1757–1761
• 輔鼐 1761–1764
• 阿敏爾圖 1764–1766
• 官保 1766–1767
• 莽古賚 1767–1773
• 伍彌泰 1773–1775 (Mongol)
• 留保住 1775–1779, 1785–1786 (Mongol)
• 索琳 1779–1780
• 博清額 1780–1785
• 佛智 1788–1789
• 舒濂 1788–1790
• 巴忠 1788–1789 (Mongol)
• 普福 1790 (Mongol)
• 保泰 1790–1791
• 奎林 1791
•  [zh] 鄂輝 1791–1792
• 成德 1792–1793
• 和琳 1792–1794
• Songyun 松筠 1794–1799 (Mongol)
• 英善 1799–1803
• 和甯 1800 (Mongol)
• 福甯 1803–1804
• 策拔克 1804–1805 (Mongol)
• 玉甯 1805–1808
• 文弼 1808–1811
• 陽春 1811–1812
• 瑚圖禮 1811–1813
• 喜明 1814–1817
• 玉麟 1817–1820
• 1820–1823
• 松廷 1823–1827
• 惠顯 1827–1830
• 興科 1830–1833
• 隆文 1833–1834
• Wenwei 文蔚 1834–1835,1853
• 慶祿 1836 (Mongol)
• 關聖保 1836–1839
• 孟保 1839–1842/1843 (Han)
• 海朴 1842–1843
• Qishan 琦善 1843–1847
• 斌良 1847–1848
• 穆騰額 1848–1852
• 海枚 1852
• 赫特賀 1853–1857 (Mongol)
• 滿慶 1857–1862 (Mongol)
• 崇實 1859–1861
• 景紋 1861–1869
• 恩麟 1868–1872 (Mongol)
• 承繼 1872–1874
• 松溎 1874–1879
• 色楞額 1879–1885
• 文碩 1885–1888
• 長庚 1888–1890
• 升泰 1890–1892 (Mongol)
• 奎煥 1892–1896
• 文海 1896–1900
• 慶善 1900
• 裕鋼 1900–1902 (Mongol)^[1]

• Assistant: An Cheng^[1]

• 有泰 1902–1904 (Mongol)^[1]

• Assistant: Naqin^[1]
• Assistant: Gui Lin 桂霖^[2]
• Assistant: 鳳全 (Manchu), placed at Chamdo, murdered in Batang uprising en route

• Tang Shaoyi 1904–1906 (Han)

• Assistant: ^[3][4][5] (Han), refused appointment as assistant amban, but effectively functioned as one.

• Lian Yu 聯豫 1906–1912^[4]

• Assistant: Wen Tsung-Yao 1906–1912^[6]
• Assistant: Zhao Erfeng 趙爾豐 (Han) at Chamdo^[4]

• General Chung Ying 1912–1913^[7]

See also[]

• Tibet under Qing rule
• List of rulers of Tibet

References[]

Sources

• Coleman, William M. (2014), Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842–1939, Columbia University (PhD thesis)
• Ho, Dahpon David (2008). "The Men Who Would Not Be Amban and the One Who Would". Modern China. 34 (2): 210–246. doi:10.1177/0097700407312856. ISSN 0097-7004. S2CID 143539645.
• Kolmaš, Josef. The Ambans and Assistant Ambans of Tibet, Archiv Orientální. Supplementa 7. Prague: The Oriental Institute, 1994.
• Mehra, Parshotam (1974), The McMahon Line and After: A Study of the Triangular Contest on India's North-eastern Frontier Between Britain, China and Tibet, 1904–47, Macmillan, ISBN 9780333157374 – via archive.org
• Wang, Hui (2011). The Politics of Imagining Asia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05519-3.
• Wang, Xiuyu (2011), China's Last Imperial Frontier: Late Qing Expansion in Sichuan's Tibetan Borderlands, Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-6809-7