Viceroy of Huguang
Viceroy of Huguang | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 湖廣總督 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 湖广总督 | ||||||
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Governor-General of Hubei and Hunan Provinces and the Surrounding Areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Director of Civil Affairs (full title) | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 總督湖北湖南等處地方提督軍務、糧饟兼巡撫事 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 总督湖北湖南等处地方提督军务、粮饷兼巡抚事 | ||||||
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Manchu name | |||||||
Manchu script | ᡥᡡᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᡳ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ | ||||||
Romanization | hūguwang ni uheri kadalara amban |
The Viceroy of Huguang, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Hubei and Hunan Provinces and the Surrounding Areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Huguang had jurisdiction over Hubei and Hunan provinces, which were previously a single province called "Huguang Province" in the Ming dynasty, hence the name "Huguang".
History[]
The office was created in 1644 as the "Viceroy of Huguang" during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor. Its headquarters were in Wuchang (present-day Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei). It was abolished in 1668 during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor but was restored in 1670 as the "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督; "Viceroy of (Si)chuan and Hu(guang)"), with its headquarters in Chongqing. In 1674, the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Hu was split into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Huguang, and had remained as such until 1904. In 1904, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the office of Provincial Governor of Hubei was merged into the office of Viceroy of Huguang.
List of Viceroys of Huguang[]
# | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viceroy of Huguang (1645–1904) | ||||||
1 | 羅繡錦 |
1645 | 1652 | As Viceroy of Huguang and Sichuan | ||
2 | 祖澤遠 |
1652 | 1656 | |||
3 | Hong Chengchou 洪承疇 |
1653 | 1658 | As Viceroy of Huguang, Liangguang and Yun-Gui | ||
4 | 胡全才 |
1656 | 1656 | |||
5 | 李祖蔭 |
1656 | 1660 | |||
6 | 張長庚 |
1660 | 1668 | |||
7 | 劉兆麒 |
1668 | 1669 | As Viceroy of Chuan-Hu | ||
8 | 蔡毓榮 |
1670 | 1682 | |||
9 | 董衛國 |
1682 | 1684 | |||
10 | 徐國相 |
1684 | 1688 | |||
11 | 丁思孔 |
1688 | 1694 | |||
12 | 吳琠 |
1694 | 1696 | |||
13 | 李輝祖 |
1696 | 1699 | |||
14 | 郭琇 |
1699 | 1703 | |||
年遐齡 |
1701 | 1704 | Acting Viceroy | |||
15 | Yu Chenglong 喻成龍 |
1703 | 1705 | |||
16 | 石文晟 |
1705 | 1707 | |||
17 | 郭世隆 |
1707 | 1710 | |||
18 | 鄂海 |
1710 | 1713 | |||
19 | 額倫特 |
1713 | 1716 | |||
20 | 滿丕 |
1716 | 1722 | |||
21 | 楊宗仁 |
1722 | 1725 | |||
22 | Li Chenglong 李成龍 |
1725 | 1726 | |||
23 | 宜兆熊 |
1726 | 1726 | |||
24 | 福敏 |
1726 | 1727 | |||
25 | 邁柱 |
1727 | 1735 | |||
26 | 張廣泗 |
1735 | 1735 | |||
27 | 史貽直 |
1735 | 1737 | |||
28 | 德沛 |
1737 | 1739 | |||
29 | 班第 |
1739 | 1740 | |||
30 | 那蘇圖 |
1740 | 1741 | |||
31 | Sun Jiagan 孫嘉淦 |
1741 | 1743 | |||
32 | 阿爾賽 |
1743 | 1744 | |||
33 | 鄂彌達 |
1744 | 1746 | |||
34 | 賽楞額 |
1746 | 1748 | |||
35 | 新柱 |
1748 | 1749 | |||
36 | 永興 |
1749 | 1750 | |||
37 | 阿里袞 |
1750 | 1751 | |||
38 | 永常 |
1751 | 1753 | |||
39 | 開泰 |
1753 | 1755 | |||
40 | Šose 碩色 |
1755 | 1759 | |||
41 | 蘇昌 |
1759 | 1761 | |||
42 | 愛必達 |
1761 | 1763 | |||
Chen Hongmou 陳宏謀 |
1763 | 1763 | Acting Viceroy | |||
43 | 李侍堯 |
1763 | 1764 | |||
44 | 吳達善 |
1764 | 1766 | |||
45 | 劉藻 |
1766 | 1766 | |||
46 | 定長 |
1766 | 1768 | |||
高晉 |
1768 | 1768 | Acting Viceroy | |||
47 | 吳達善 |
1768 | 1771 | |||
48 | 富明安 |
1771 | 1772 | |||
49 | 海明 |
1772 | 1772 | |||
50 | 富勒渾 |
1772 | 1773 | |||
陳輝祖 |
1772 | 1773 | Acting Viceroy | |||
51 | 文綬 |
1773 | 1776 | |||
52 | 富勒渾 |
1776 | 1777 | |||
53 | 三寶 |
1777 | 1779 | |||
54 | 圖思德 |
1779 | 1779 | |||
55 | 富勒渾 |
1779 | 1780 | |||
56 | 舒常 |
1780 | 1784 | |||
57 | 特成額 |
1784 | 1786 | |||
58 | 畢沅 |
1786 | 1786 | |||
59 | 李侍堯 |
1786 | 1787 | |||
60 | 常青 |
1787 | 1787 | |||
61 | 舒常 |
1787 | 1788 | |||
63 | 畢沅 |
1788 | 1794 | |||
64 | 福寧 |
1794 | 1795 | |||
65 | 畢沅 |
1795 | 1797 | |||
66 | 勒保 |
1797 | 1798 | |||
67 | 景安 |
1798 | 1799 | |||
68 | 倭什布 |
1799 | 1800 | |||
70 | 姜晟 |
1800 | 1800 | |||
71 | 書麟 |
1800 | 1801 | |||
72 | 倭什布 |
1801 | 1801 | |||
73 | 吳熊光 |
1801 | 1805 | |||
74 | 百齡 |
1805 | 1805 | |||
75 | 全保 |
1805 | 1806 | |||
76 | Wang Zhiyi 汪志伊 |
1806 | 1810 | |||
77 | 馬慧裕 |
1810 | 1816 | |||
78 | Sun Yuting 孫玉庭 |
1816 | 1816 | |||
79 | Ruan Yuan 阮元 |
1816 | 1817 | |||
80 | 慶保 |
1817 | 1820 | |||
81 | 張映漢 |
1820 | 1820 | |||
82 | 陳若霖 |
1820 | 1822 | |||
83 | 李鴻賓 |
1822 | 1826 | |||
84 | 嵩孚 |
1826 | 1830 | |||
楊懌曾 |
1830 | 1830 | Acting Viceroy | |||
85 | Lu Kun 盧坤 |
1830 | 1832 | |||
86 | Nergingge 訥爾經額 |
1832 | 1837 | |||
87 | Lin Zexu 林則徐 |
February 1837 | December 1838 | |||
88 | 周天爵 |
December 1838 | December 1840 | |||
89 | 桂良 |
June 1839 | December 1839 | |||
90 | 裕泰 |
December 1839 | December 1851 | |||
91 | 程矞采 |
December 1851 | October 1852 | |||
徐廣縉 |
October 1852 | February 1853 | Acting Viceroy | |||
張亮基 |
February 1853 | September 1853 | ||||
92 | 吳文鎔 |
September 1853 | February 1854 | |||
93 | 台湧 |
March 1854 | July 1854 | |||
94 | 楊霈 |
October 1854 | June 1855 | |||
95 | Guanwen 官文 |
June 1855 | February 1867 | |||
譚廷襄 |
1866 | 1866 | Acting Viceroy | |||
96 | Li Hongzhang 李鴻章 |
February 1867 | August 1870 | |||
李瀚章 |
1867 | 1868 | Acting Viceroy | |||
郭柏蔭 |
1868 | 1869 | Acting Viceroy | |||
97 | 李瀚章 |
August 1870 | April 1882 | |||
翁同爵 |
1875 | 1876 | Acting Viceroy | |||
98 | 塗宗瀛 |
April 1882 | June 1883 | |||
卞寶第 |
June 1883 | April 1885 | Acting Viceroy | |||
裕祿 |
April 1885 | August 1889 | Acting Viceroy | |||
99 | Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 |
August 1889 | November 1894 | |||
100 | 譚繼洵 |
November 1894 | January 1896 | |||
101 | Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 |
January 1896 | November 1902 | |||
Duanfang 端方 |
November 1902 | 1904 | Acting Viceroy | |||
Viceroy of Huguang and Provincial Governor of Hubei (1904–1911) | ||||||
102 | Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 |
1904 | August 1907 | |||
103 | Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 |
August 1907 | March 1908 | |||
104 | Chen Kuilong 陳夔龍 |
March 1908 | October 1909 | |||
瑞澂 |
October 1909 | October 1911 | Acting Viceroy | |||
Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 |
14 October 1911 | Never assumed office | ||||
Wei Guangtao 魏光燾 |
1911 | Never assumed office | ||||
Wang Shizhen 王士珍 |
2 November 1911 | Never assumed office | ||||
Duan Zhigui 段芝貴 |
14 November 1911 | Never assumed office | ||||
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 |
17 November 1911 | Never assumed office |
References[]
- Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese).
- History of Hubei
- History of Hunan
- Viceroys of Huguang