Viceroy of Sichuan
Viceroy of Sichuan | |||
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Chinese name | |||
Traditional Chinese | 四川總督 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 四川总督 | ||
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Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs (full title) | |||
Traditional Chinese | 總督四川等處地方提督軍務、糧饟兼巡撫事 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 总督四川等处地方提督军务、粮饟兼巡抚事 | ||
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Manchu name | |||
Manchu script | ᠰᡟᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ | ||
Romanization | sycuwan i uheri kadalara amban |
The Viceroy of Sichuan, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty. As its name suggests, the Viceroy of Sichuan had control over Sichuan (Szechuan) Province, as well as modern Chongqing Municipality, which was split off in 1997.
History[]
The origins of the Viceroy of Sichuan trace back to 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, with the creation of the office of the Provincial Governor of Sichuan (四川巡撫). Its headquarters were in Chengdu. In 1645, the Qing government created the Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan with (羅繡錦) as the first Viceroy overseeing both Huguang (present-day Hubei and Hunan) and Sichuan provinces.
In 1653, Sichuan was placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of the Three Borders in Shaanxi, which was subsequently renamed "Viceroy of Chuan and the Three Borders in Shaanxi" (川陝三邊總督) with (孟喬芳) as the officeholder. In 1656, the office was divided into two separate Viceroys for Shaanxi and Sichuan. The Viceroy of Sichuan was based in Chongqing. In 1661, the Viceroy of Sichuan relocated its headquarters to Hanzhong.
In 1668, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the Viceroy of Huguang was abolished and merged into the Viceroy of Sichuan, which was then renamed "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督) and based in Jingzhou. In 1670, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu relocated to Chongqing. Four years later, perhaps coinciding with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories,[citation needed] the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu reverted to pre-1668, separating into the Viceroy of Huguang and Viceroy of Sichuan. In 1680, the Kangxi Emperor merged the Viceroy of Sichuan with the Viceroy of Shaanxi under the "Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan" (川陝總督), with its headquarters in Xi'an. In 1718, a separate Viceroy was created for Sichuan, so the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan stopped managing Sichuan. However, these changes were reversed in 1721.
In 1731, the Yongzheng Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan, with the latter headquartered in Chengdu.
In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor abolished the Viceroy of Sichuan and recreated the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan. In 1748, during the campaign against the Jinchuan hill peoples in Sichuan, the Qianlong Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. He merged the two Viceroys in 1759 but reversed the changes in the following year. The system had remained as such until the end of the Qing dynasty.
List of Viceroys of Sichuan[]
# | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan (1645–1652) | ||||||
1 | 羅繡錦 |
1645 | 1652 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan and the Three Borders (1653–1656) | ||||||
2 | 孟喬芳 |
1653 | 1654 | |||
3 | 金礪 |
1654 | 1656 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1656–1661) | ||||||
4 | 金礪 |
1656 | 1656 | |||
5 | 馬之先 |
1656 | 1657 | |||
6 | 李國英 |
1657 | 1661 | |||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1661–1667) | ||||||
7 | 李國英 |
1661 | 1666 | |||
8 | 苗澄 |
1666 | 1667 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Hu (1668–1674) | ||||||
9 | 劉兆麒 |
1668 | 1669 | |||
10 | 蔡毓榮 |
1670 | 1682 | Stopped administering Sichuan in 1674 | ||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1674–1680) | ||||||
11 | Zhou Youde 周有德 |
1674 | 1674 | |||
12 | 楊茂勛 |
1679 | 1680 | |||
Viceroy of Shan-Shaan (1680–1718) | ||||||
13 | 哈占 |
1680 | 1683 | |||
14 | 禧佛 |
1683 | 1686 | |||
15 | 圖納 |
1686 | 1688 | |||
16 | 葛思泰 |
1688 | 1692 | |||
17 | 佛倫 |
1692 | 1694 | |||
18 | 吳赫 |
1694 | 1699 | |||
席爾達 |
1699 | 1701 | Acting Viceroy | |||
19 | 覺羅華顯 |
1701 | 1704 | |||
20 | 博霽 |
1704 | 1708 | |||
21 | 齊世武 |
1708 | 1709 | |||
22 | 殷泰 |
1709 | 1713 | |||
23 | 鄂海 |
1713 | 1718 | |||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1718–1721) | ||||||
24 | Nian Gengyao 年羹堯 |
1718 | 1721 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1721–1731) | ||||||
25 | Nian Gengyao 年羹堯 |
1721 | 1725 | |||
26 | Yue Zhongqi 岳鍾琪 |
1725 | 1729 | |||
27 | 查郎阿 |
1729 | 1731 | |||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1731–1735) | ||||||
28 | 黃廷桂 |
1731 | 1735 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1736–1748) | ||||||
29 | 查郎阿 |
1736 | 1738 | |||
劉於義 |
1736 | 1737 | Acting Viceroy | |||
30 | 鄂彌達 |
1738 | 1740 | |||
31 | Yengišan 尹繼善 |
1740 | 1742 | |||
32 | 馬爾泰 |
1742 | 1743 | Acting Viceroy | ||
33 | 慶復 |
1743 | 1747 | |||
34 | ���廣泗 |
1747 | 1748 | |||
黃廷桂 |
1747 | Acting Viceroy | ||||
傅爾丹 |
1748 | Acting Viceroy | ||||
35 | Fuheng 傅恆 |
1748 | Acting Viceroy | |||
36 | 策楞 |
1748 | ||||
Yengišan 尹繼善 |
1748 | Acting Viceroy | ||||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1748–1759) | ||||||
37 | 策楞 |
1748 | 1753 | |||
38 | 黃廷桂 |
1753 | 1755 | |||
39 | 開泰 |
1755 | 1759 | |||
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1759–1760) | ||||||
40 | 開泰 |
1759 | 1760 | |||
Viceroy of Sichuan (1760–1911) | ||||||
41 | 開泰 |
1760 | 1763 | |||
42 | 鄂弼 |
1763 | 1763 | |||
43 | 阿爾泰 |
1763 | 1770 | |||
Agui 阿桂 |
1764 | 1764 | Acting Viceroy | |||
44 | 德福 |
1770 | 1771 | |||
45 | 阿爾泰 |
1771 | 1771 | |||
46 | 文綬 |
1771 | 1771 | |||
47 | 桂林 |
1771 | 1772 | |||
48 | 阿爾泰 |
1772 | 1772 | |||
49 | 文綬 |
1772 | 1772 | |||
50 | 劉秉恬 |
1772 | 1773 | |||
富勒渾 |
1772 | 1772 | Acting Viceroy | |||
51 | 富勒渾 |
1773 | 1776 | |||
52 | 文綬 |
1776 | 1781 | |||
53 | Fuk'anggan 福康安 |
1781 | 1783 | |||
54 | 李世傑 |
1783 | 1787 | |||
55 | 保寧 |
1786 | 1787 | |||
56 | 李世傑 |
1787 | 1789 | |||
57 | Sun Shiyi 孫士毅 |
1789 | 1790 | |||
58 | 鄂輝 |
1790 | 1791 | |||
59 | 憲齡 |
1791 | 1793 | |||
60 | Fuk'anggan 福康安 |
1793 | 1794 | |||
61 | 和琳 |
1794 | 1796 | |||
Sun Shiyi 孫士毅 |
1796 | 1796 | Acting Viceroy | |||
62 | 福寧 |
1796 | 1797 | |||
63 | 勒保 |
1798 | 1799 | |||
64 | 魁倫 |
1799 | 1800 | |||
65 | 勒保 |
1800 | 1810 | |||
66 | 常明 |
1810 | 1817 | |||
李鑾宜 |
1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy | |||
德寧阿 |
1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy | |||
67 | 蔣攸銛 |
1817 | 1822 | |||
68 | 陳若霖 |
1822 | 1823 | |||
69 | 戴三錫 |
1823 | 1829 | |||
70 | Qishan 琦善 |
1829 | 1831 | |||
71 | 鄂山 |
1831 | 1838 | |||
72 | 覺羅寶興 |
1839 | 1846 | |||
73 | Qishan 琦善 |
1846 | 1849 | |||
74 | 徐澤醇 |
1849 | 1852 | |||
75 | 慧成 |
1852 | 1853 | |||
76 | 裕瑞 |
1853 | 1854 | |||
77 | Huang Zonghan 黃宗漢 |
1854 | 1856 | |||
78 | 吳振棫 |
1856 | 1857 | |||
79 | 王慶雲 |
1857 | 1859 | |||
80 | Huang Zonghan 黃宗漢 |
1859 | 1859 | |||
81 | 曾望顏 |
1859 | 1860 | |||
82 | 崇實 |
1860 | 1861 | |||
83 | Luo Bingzhang 駱秉章 |
1861 | 1867 | |||
84 | 吳棠 |
1867 | 1875 | |||
文格 |
1875 | 1875 | Acting Viceroy | |||
85 | 李瀚章 |
1875 | 1876 | |||
86 | Ding Baozhen 丁寶楨 |
1876 | 1886 | |||
87 | Liu Bingzhang 劉秉璋 |
1886 | 1894 | |||
88 | Tan Zhonglin 譚鍾麟 |
1894 | 1895 | |||
89 | 鹿傳霖 |
1895 | 1897 | |||
恭壽 |
1897 | 1898 | Acting Viceroy | |||
90 | 李秉衡 |
1897 | 1897 | Never assumed office | ||
91 | 裕祿 |
1897 | 1898 | |||
92 | 奎俊 |
1898 | 1902 | |||
Cen Chunxuan 岑春煊 |
1902 | 1903 | Acting Viceroy | |||
93 | 錫良 |
1903 | 1907 | |||
Zhao Erfeng 趙爾豐 |
1907 | 1907 | Acting Viceroy | |||
94 | Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 |
1907 | 1907 | Never assumed office | ||
95 | Chen Kuilong 陳夔龍 |
1907 | 1908 | |||
96 | Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 |
1908 | 1911 | |||
Zhao Erfeng 趙爾豐 |
1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy | |||
Cen Chunxuan 岑春煊 |
1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy; never assumed office | |||
97 | Duanfang 端方 |
1911 | 1911 | Assassinated in office |
References[]
- Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Volumes 197–199.
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- History of Sichuan
- Viceroys of Sichuan