List of historical markers of the Philippines in Central Visayas

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Magellan's Cross chapel and historical marker in Cebu City, Cebu.

This list of historical markers installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) in Central Visayas (Region VII) is an annotated list of people, places, or events in the region that have been commemorated by cast-iron plaques issued by the said commission. The plaques themselves are permanent signs installed in publicly visible locations on buildings, monuments, or in special locations.

While many Cultural Properties have historical markers installed, not all places marked with historical markers are designated into one of the particular categories of Cultural Properties.

The first historical marker in the Cebuano Language was unveiled in 2008 for the Cebu Provincial Capitol, Cebu City. Another marker in the same language was unveiled for Carcel de Cebu the next year.

The site of the historical marker of the Sandugo, or the blood compact between Sikatuna and Legazpi became an issue because of the NHCP board resolution that the event site was located off the waters of Loay and not Tagbilaran. Despite the resolution, the marker remains in its original place.[1]

This article lists ninety-three (93) markers from Central Visayas.

Bohol[]

This article lists twenty-nine (29) markers from the Province of Bohol.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Balilihan Belfry Structure Belfry Became a guard tower for the Spanish, Americans, and the Japanese. Built in 1844. Balilihan English 1953 Balilihan Belfry historical marker.jpg
Bantayan ng Punta Cruz Santa Cruz Fort Structure Watchtower Built by Recollect priests out of corals in 1798 against Moro pirates. Built under the patronage of St. Vincent Ferrer. Punta Cruz Filipino May 16, 2009
Birthplace of Carlos P. Garcia Born on November 4, 1896. Became president of the Philippines from 1957-1960. Talibon English 1973
Blood Compact Between Sikatuna and Legaspi Site Site The site where the Sandugo between Datu Sikatuna and Miguel López de Legazpi took place Tagbilaran City English 1941 Blood Compact historical marker.JPG
Bohol


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Bohol


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

Members of the expedition fled to here from Cebu after many were killed by Cebuanos.[2] Brgy. Punta Cruz, Maribojoc Filipino June 17, 2021
Carlos P. Garcia Born on November 4, 1896. Became president of the Philippines from 1957-1960. Talibon English November 4, 1972
Carlos P. Garcia House Building House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Tagbilaran City English September 4, 2009 Carlos P. Garcia House historical marker.JPG
Church of San Pedro Apostol Building House of Worship Jesuit Fr. Juan de Torres established the mission of Loboc in 1597. Loboc English 1999 Loboc Church historical marker.JPG
Church of Tagbilaran One of the six parishes in Bohol founded by the Jesuits. Established in 1595. Tagbilaran City Filipino 1953 Tagbilaran Church Plaque.JPG
Clarin Ancestral House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Loay English June 29, 1999
Structure Watchtower, Convent Church and other structures built by the Jesuits out of corals. Dauis Filipino May 16, 2009 Dauis Church Complex historical marker.jpg
Guindulman Became a town in 1798. Town was burned by the Japanese in 1943. Guindulman Filipino September 7, 1985
In Memory of Francisco Dagohoy[3] Filipino revolutionary against the Spaniards, 1744-1829. Established an independent government. Magtangtang, Danao English 1954 Dagohoy Monument marker.jpg
Jagna Martyrs[4] Sites/

Events

Site Filipino resistance against the American rule, 1901. The Americans burned the whole town. Brgy. Lonoy, Jagna[5] English 1958
Ang Sandugo[6] The Blood Compact Blood compact between Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna Hinawanan, Loay Filipino March 25, 2006 Ang Sandugo historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Albuquerque[7] Church of Albuquerque Building House of Worship First built out of wood and bamboo in 1842. Has an arched bridge that connects the church to the convent that is unique among Bohol churches. Albuquerque Filipino August 27, 2014 Alburquerque Church historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Baclayon Baclayon Church Building House of Worship Church built by the Jesuits. Site where Jesuit priests Juan de Torres and Gabriel Sanchez formally established the first Christian mission to Bohol on November 17, 1596. Baclayon Filipino December 18, 1995

Baclayon Church Marker Baclayon, Bohol.JPG Baclayon Church historical marker (copy).jpg

Simbahan ng Carmen Carmen Church Established by the Recollects as a visita of Bilar. Became a separate parish in 1874. Carmen Filipino January 16, 2018
Simbahan ng Dauis Dauis Church Building House of Worship Church built by the Jesuits. Current church was built from 1863 to 1879. Dauis Filipino May 16, 2009 Dauis church historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Duero Duero Church Building House of Worship Established in 1863 by the Recollects. Current structure of wooden church and convent built in 1874. Duero Filipino March 10, 2015[8]
Simbahan ng Inabanga Inabanga Church Building House of Worship Church built by the Jesuits in 1724, destroyed by the earthquake of 2013 Inabanga Filipino March 10, 2015[8]
Simbahan ng Jagna Jagna Church Building House of Worship Church built by the Jesuits in 1631. The church was saved when the Americans burned the town in 1901. Jagna Filipino March 10, 2015[8]
Simbahan ng Loon Loon Church Building House of Worship Church first built by the Jesuits. Used by the Americans as garrison against Filipino guerrillas. Loon Filipino 2010 Loon Church historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Loon Loon Church Building House of Worship Destroyed by an earthquake 2013. Rebuilt, 2021. Loon Filipino September 7, 2021
Simbahan ng Maribojoc Church of Maribojoc Church built by the Jesuits as a mission an parish on 1767. Dedicated to Santa Cruz. Maribojoc Filipino 2009 Maribojoc Plaque.JPG
Simbahan ng Maribojoc Church of Maribojoc Buildings/ Structures House of Worship Established by the Jesuits, 1767. Destroyed by an earthquake 2013. Rebuilt, 2021. Maribojoc Filipino March 12, 2021[9]
Simbahan ng Santisima Trinidad ng Loay Santisima Trinidad of Loay Church Building House of Worship Built under the Recollects in 1822. Important example of Filipino-Spanish architecture. Loay Filipino April 30, 2004 Loay Church historical marker.jpg
Katedral ng Talibon Talibon Cathedral Building House of Worship Established by the Jesuits in 1722. Seat of the Diocese of Talibon, center of Catholicism in northern Bohol. Talibon Filipino March 10, 2015[8]
Simbahan ng Tubigon Tubigon Church Building House of Worship Church built by the Jesuits and transferred to the Recollects, destroyed by the 2013 earthquake Tubigon Filipino March 9, 2015[8]

Cebu[]

This article lists fifty-four (54) markers from the Province of Cebu.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Monument inscription dedicated to Ramon Magsaysay. Plaza Independencia, Cebu City English May 25, 1958
Andres Bonifacio
(30 Nobyembre 1863 - 10 Mayo 1897)
Andrés Bonifacio
(30 November 1863 - 10 May 1897)
The founder of the Katipunan. to unite the islands and wage an armed revolution against the Spaniards. Plaza Independencia, Cebu City Filipino December 3, 2013[10][11] Andres Bonifacio Cebu City historical marker.jpg
Antonio Pigafetta The chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan. Patrician of Vicenzia, Italy and was a Knight of Malta. Cebu City English 1980 Antonio Pigafetta marker (cropped).jpg
Antonio Pigafetta Personages Biographical Marker Part of the remaining eighteen that completed the circumnavigation of the world. Plaza Independencia, Cebu City Filipino April 13, 2021
(Sarmiento-Osmeña House) Brick House (Sarmiento-Osmeña House) Building House Designated as a heritage house by the NHCP. Carcar English 2010 Balay na Tisa historical marker.jpg
Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) Building Bank Third branch of BPI outside Metro Manila. Established in 1924. Magallanes Street, Cebu City Filipino December 2, 2010 Marker history Bank of the Philippine Islands Cebu Main.JPG
Bradford Memorial Church 1913[12] Started as Cebu Mission Station for Presbyterian missionaries Cebu City Filipino 2014 Historical marker of Bradford Memorial Church.jpg
Birthplace
of
Sergio Osmeña, Sr.
Site where Osmeña was born on September 9, 1878. He served as the president from 1944-1946. Cebu City English September 9, 1959 Sergio Osmeña House.jpg
Casa Gorordo Gorodo House Building House House built in Mid-19th century by Alejandro Reynes y Rosales and bought by Juan Isidro de Gorordo. Eduardo Aboitiz St., Cebu City English August 21, 1998 Casa Gorordo historical marker (cropped).jpg
Cebu


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Cebu


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

The expedition reached an active trading entrepot, April 7, 1521. Plaza Sugbo, Brgy. Central, Cebu City Filipino April 7, 2021[13]
Church and Convent of Santo Niño Building House of Worship The first church to be established in the Philippines. Home of the Santo Niño. Cebu City English 1941 Church and Convent of Santo Niño historical marker.jpg
Colegio De La Imaculada Concepcion First all-girls Catholic school in Cebu. Established by Rev. P. Fernando De La Canal on May 30, 1880. Cebu City Filipino March 15, 1979[14] Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion historical marker 01.jpg
Colon Street Colon St., Cebu City English
Colon Street Also known as the Parian, the oldest street in the Philippines. Built in 1565. Colon St., Cebu City English October 16, 1961
The Cross of Magellan[15] Site Monument The spot where Ferdinand Magellan planted a cross to claim the Philippines for the King of Spain. Plaza Sugbo, Cebu City English 1941 20170812160609!Magellan's Cross historical marker.jpg
Daang Colon Colon Street First street in the Philippines. Also known as Parian. Built in 1565. Colon St., Cebu City Filipino May 17, 1999 Colon Street Historical Marker.JPG
Ang Dakong Balay
(Don Florencio Noel House)
The Big House
(Don Florencio Noel House)
Building House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Carcar English 2010 Ang Dakong Balay historical marker.jpg
Ferdinand Magellan's Death Site Site Death site of Magellan wounded by soldiers of Lapulapu. Lapu-Lapu English 1958

Lapu-lapuShrine05.jpg

Fernando Magallanes Fernando Magallanes Designated leader of the Spanish expedition that sought to find maritime route to Maluku. Liberty Shrine, Lapu-Lapu City Filipino April 27, 2021 Fernando Magallanes historical marker - NQC.jpg
First Mass in Cebu Celebrated on April 14, 1521 by Magellan and his men. Rajah Humabon and many more were baptized. Cebu City English
Fort San Pedro Spanish-era fortification in Cebu City. Triangular in shape and made of stone and mortar. Cebu City English 1952
Fort of San Pedro Structure Fortification Spanish-era fortification in Cebu City. Triangular in shape and made of stone and mortar. Cebu City English 1939 Fort of San Pedro historical marker (perspective corrected).jpg
Karsel sa Sugbo Carcel de Cebu Building Building Formerly a jail built in 1870 out of corals. Converted into the museum of Cebu province in 2008. Museo Sugbo, Cebu City Cebuano, Filipino August 13, 2009 Carcel de Cebu historical marker (Cebuano) (cropped).jpgCarcel de Cebu historical marker (Tagalog) (cropped).jpg
Katedral ng Cebu Cathedral of Cebu First built in 1595. Became a metropolitan cathedral in 1932. Only the belltower and the perimeter walls survived during World War II. Cebu City Filipino November 23, 2016 Katedral ng Cebu NHCP Historical Marker.png
Kapitolyo sa Sugbo Cebu Capitol Building Government Center First built in front of Plaza Independencia. Building designed by architect Juan Arellano. Cebu City Cebuano, Filipino 2008 Cebu Capitol historical marker (Cebuano) (cropped).jpgCebu Capitol historical marker (Tagalog) (cropped).jpg
Lapulapu Battle site between the forces of Lapu-Lapu and Magellan, fought on April 27, 1521. Lapu-Lapu (currently within NHCP storage) English 1941 Lapu-Lapu HistoricalMarker NHCPStorageManila.JPG
Lapulapu Chieftain of Mactan who killed Ferdinand Magellan in combat on April 27, 1521. Mactan Shrine, Lapu-Lapu English 1951 Lapu-Lapu historical marker.jpg
Lapulapu Stood for the independence of Mactan, and rejected Magellan's decision to appoint Rajah Humabon as the highest leader in Mactan and Cebu. Liberty Shrine, Lapu-Lapu City Filipino April 27, 2021
Pantaleon Villegas "Leon Kilat" (1873-1898) Personage Monument Katipunan revolutionary tasked by Aguinaldo to expand the revolution in Cebu. Carcar Filipino 2001 Pantaleon Villegas (Leon Kilat) historical marker 01.jpg
Mactan


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Mactan


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

Site where the battle ensued where Magellan was killed. Mactan Shrine, Mactan Island, Lapu-Lapu City Filipino April 27, 2021 Mactan quincentennial historical marker - NQC.jpg
Ang Madugong Linggo ng Palaspas
1898[16]
The Bloody Palm Sunday
1898
The bloody Battle of Tres de Abril headed by Pantaleon Villegas. Tres de Abril St. cor. V. Rama Ave., Cebu City Filipino 1966 Tres de Abril historical marker (cropped).jpg
Mercado Mansion Building House Designated as a heritage house by the NHCP. Carcar English 2010

Historical Marker of Mercado Mansion.jpg

Pagdaong sa Talisay Talisay Landing Part of the Operation VICTOR II under Gen. Douglas MacArthur to liberate Cebu, Bohol, and Negros. Larawan Beach, Barangay Poblacion, Talisay City Filipino 2009
Paliparang Lahug, P.A.A.C. Lahug Field, P.A.A.C. Stationed on this site, from 1940-1941,the only pre-World War II Philippine Army corps units in the Visayas and Mindanao. Cebu City Filipino, English May 1, 1968
Parola ng Bagacay Point Bagacay Point Lighthouse Structure Lighthouse Built upon the lot donated by Governor General William Howard Taft in 1904. Liloan Filipino May 14, 2006 Bagacay Point Lighthouse historical marker.jpg
Ponson


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Ponson


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

Where the expedition ended after traversing the coast of Leyte.[17] Ponson Island, Pilar Filipino April 6, 2021
Poro


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Poro


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

From Leyte, this is where the expedition temporarily stopped to wait for the balangay fleet of Rajah Colambu.[18] Mactang Beach, Brgy. Esperanza, Poro (Poro Island) Filipino April 6, 2021
Ramon Magsaysay

(1907–1957)

Personage Seventh President of the Philippines. Site of plane crash that killed him. Balamban Filipino March 17, 1988 Pres. Ramon Magsaysay monument in Mt. Manunggal, Balamban, Cebu.jpg
Mga Relihiyosong Agustino sa Pilipinas Religious Augustinians in the Philippines On February 13, 1565, five Augustinians, under Andrés de Urdaneta, arrived in Tandaya, now part of Samar. Inner Garden, Basilica del Santo Niño, Cebu City Filipino August 8, 2018 Augustinians in the Philippines historical marker.jpg
Silva House Building House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Carcar English 2010 Silva Residence.jpeg
Simbahan ng Argao Church of Argao Formerly a visita of Carcar. Established in 1733. The first church was built in 1788 Argao, Cebu Filipino July 11, 2016 Argao Church historical marker 01.jpg
Ang Simbahan ng Bantayan The Church of Bantayan Built by the Augustinians on June 11, 1580. The current structure was finished in 1863. Bantayan, Cebu Filipino 1980

Heritage Marker of Bantayan Church.JPG

Simbahan ng Boljoon Boljoon Church Building House of Worship Started as a visita of Carcar. Built by Augustinians in 1599. The current church was constructed starting from 1783. Boljoon Filipino June 25, 2000 Plaque on Boljoon Church -1599 Augustinians.jpg
Simbahan ng Carcar Church of Carcar Established by the Augustinians in 1599 under the patronage of Our Lady of the Visitation. Carcar City Filipino September 2017 Carcar Church historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Dumanjug Church of Dumanjug Formerly a visita of Barili. Became a parish in 1854 under the patronage of St. Francis of Assisi. Dumanjug Filipino June 6, 2016[19] Dumanjug Church historical marker 01.jpg
Simbahan ng Malabuyoc Church of Malabuyoc Started as a visita of Samboan in 1784. Became a full-fledged parish in 1834 under the patronage of San Nicolas de Tolentino. Malabuyoc Filipinpo September 25, 2017 Hm churchMalabuyoc (cropped).jpg
Simbahan ng San Guillermo de Aquitania Church of San Guillermo de Aquitania Building House of Worship Founded as a visita of Carcar in 1690. Became a parish in 1711. Dalaguete Filipino October 3, 2004 Hm dalagueteChurch.jpg
Simbahan ng Pardo Church of Pardo Founded as a parish of the Diocese of Cebu, 1866. Current church built from 1880-1893. Pardo, Cebu City Filipino July 11, 2016 Simbahan ng Pardo historical marker (cropped).jpg
Simbahan ng Samboan Church of Samboan Formerly a visita of Tanjay, Negros Oriental. Became a parish of the Diocese of Cebu under the patronage of Saint Michael the Archangel in 1780. Samboan, Cebu Filipino June 8, 2016 Samboan Church historical marker (cropped).jpg
Simbahan ng Sibonga Church of Sibonga Building House of Worship Established in 1690. The current neogothic church was built in 1866. Sibonga Filipino December 2, 2010 Simbahan ng Sibonga historical marker 01 (cropped).jpg
Ticobon


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Ticobon


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

Where the expedition was able to see the island of Cebu.[20] San Francisco (Pacijan Island) Filipino April 6, 2021
Unang Kasunduan ng Kapayapaan sa Pilipinas First Peace Treaty in the Philippines Signed between Rajah Tupas and Miguel López de Legazpi, acknowledging the sovereignty of Spain. Fort San Pedro, Cebu City Filipino June 4, 1985
University of the Philippines Cebu College Established in 1918. Used by the Japanese as prison from 1927 to 1945. University of the Philippines Cebu, Cebu City Filipino December 2, 2010[21] UP Cebu historical marker (cropped).jpg
University of San Carlos Established in 1779, the old site of the Jesuit Colegio San Ildefonso. University of San Carlos, Cebu City English 2010 University of San Carlos historical marker.jpg

Negros Oriental[]

This article lists eight (8) markers from the Province of Negros Oriental.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Diego de la Viña[22] Revolutionary leader and merchant. Helped liberate towns of norther Negros and Dumaguete. Guihulngan City Filipino 2008
Negros Oriental State University[23] Established in 1907 as a class of woodwork within Negros Oriental Provincial High School. Became a university in 2004. Dumaguete City Filipino February 14, 2014 Negros Oriental State University historical marker.jpg
Jose Rizal sa Dumaguete José Rizal in Dumaguete Site Monument Site where José Rizal stayed for a while after his exile in Dapitan. He was with Josephine Bracken, his sister Narcisa, among others. Dumaguete Filipino February 7, 2012 Jose Rizal sa Dumaguete historical marker.jpg
Panilongon (Negros)


Ruta ng Ekspedisyong Magallanes - Elcano sa Pilipinas

Panilongon (Negros)


Route of the Magallanes - Elcano Expedition in the Philippines

Noted by Francisco Albo, one of the pilots of the expedition that this place was rich in gold and ginger. Rizal Boulevard, Dumaguete City Filipino May 4, 2021[24] Panilongon quincentennial historical marker - Dumaguete City Tourism Office (cropped).jpg
Pantaleon Villegas "Leon Kilat"
(1873-1898)
Personage Monument Became part of the revolutionary cause while in Manila and was tasked by Aguinaldo to expand the revolution in Cebu. Bacong Filipino 2000 Pantaleon Villegas historical marker (Bacong).jpg
Silliman University Building School The first American and Protestant school in the Philippines and in Asia. Dumaguete City Filipino 1966 Silliman University historical marker.jpg
Ang Pagsuko ng mga Puwersang Hapones sa Negros Oriental The Surrender of Japanese Forces in Negros Oriental Structure Monument Commemorating the site where Japanese forces under Col. Satoshi Oie surrendered to the American forces under Col. F. Wilson. Zamboanguita Filipino September 22, 2007
Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres Structure Monument Commemorating the arrival of Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres to Dumaguete. Dumaguete Filipino October 28, 2004 Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres historical marker.jpg

Siquijor[]

This article lists two (2) markers from the Province of Siquijor

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Simbahan ng Lazi Lazi Church Building House of Worship Parish established by the Recollects in 1857. Has one of the largest convents in the Philippines. Lazi Filipino May 19, 1984 Lazi Church historical marker.jpg
Simbahan ng Siquijor Church of Siquijor Established under the patronage of Saint Francis de Assisi, February 1, 1783. Siquijor Filipino May 19, 1984 Simbahan ng Siquijor historical marker.jpg

See also[]

References[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ "Retouch the law before 'touching' Sandugo marker: Chatto to NHCP". Province of Bohol. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  2. ^ "Log into Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 2021-10-23. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  3. ^ http://www.retrato.com.ph/photodtl.asp?id=ME00019
  4. ^ http://www.retrato.com.ph/photodtl.asp?id=ME00020
  5. ^ Philippines, National Historical Commission Of The. "National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines: Jagna Martyrs". National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
  6. ^ http://www.bohol-philippines.com/blood-compact-actual-site-loay.html Blood Compact Actual Site Loay
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-11-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) NHCP UNVEILS THE ALBURQUERQUE CHURCH HISTORICAL MARKER
  8. ^ a b c d e "Anthony Rañoa Aniscal". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2018-12-02.
  9. ^ Philippines, National Historical Commission Of The. "National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines: Simbahan ng Maribojoc". National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
  10. ^ https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.410522819051510.1073741851.139610596142735&type=1 Unveiling of Andres Bonifacio monument in Cebu City
  11. ^ "80Years-National_Historical_Commisson_of_the_Philippines.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  12. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Unveiling of the historical marker of the Bradford Memorial Church, Cebu.
  13. ^ "Quincentennial Marker unveiled in Plaza Sugbo". Cebu Daily News. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  14. ^ National Historical Institute Annual Report 1979. National Historical Institute. 1979.
  15. ^ revised inscription of "First Mass in Cebu"
  16. ^ "Cebu City Government remembers Tres De Abril". Cebu Daily News. 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  17. ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  18. ^ "Municipality of Poro added a new photo. - Municipality of Poro". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  19. ^ http://nhcphistoricsites.blogspot.com/2022/01/simbahan-ng-dumanjug.html
  20. ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  21. ^ "Cebu Unveils 3 More Heritage Markers | Everything Cebu". www.everythingcebu.com. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  22. ^ Divinagracia, Dinggol a. ""Ang Pungsod Ilonggo" Newsletter of the Ilonggo Nation Global Federation". Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  23. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2015-06-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ "Dumaguete City's quincentennial marker". Manila Times. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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