List of mammals of Afghanistan
This list of the mammal species in Afghanistan provides information about the status of the 128 mammal species occurring in Afghanistan. Four are endangered, twelve are vulnerable, and five are near threatened.[1] The following tags are used to highlight each species' global conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red Lists:
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chinkara.jpg/220px-Chinkara.jpg)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Gazella
- Chinkara, G. bennettii LC[2]
- Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa VU[3]
- Genus: Gazella
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Family: Moschidae
- Genus: Moschus
- Kashmir musk deer, M. cupreus EN[10]
- Genus: Moschus
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Central Asian red deer C. hanglu LC[11]
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Manul1.jpg/220px-Manul1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bengalkatze.jpg/220px-Bengalkatze.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Korsak.jpg/220px-Korsak.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Canis_aureus_naria_-_Yala_December_2010_%281%29.jpg/220px-Canis_aureus_naria_-_Yala_December_2010_%281%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mustela_nivalis_%28two%2C_fighting%29.jpg/220px-Mustela_nivalis_%28two%2C_fighting%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Honey_badger.jpg/220px-Honey_badger.jpg)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
The following species are listed as historically present:[13]
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Caracal
- Caracal, C. caracal LC[14]
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle cat, F. chaus LC[15]
- African wildcat, F. lybica
- Asiatic wildcat, F. l. ornata
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[16]
- Genus: Otocolobus
- Pallas's cat, O. manul LC[17]
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Leopard cat, P. bengalensis LC[18]
- Genus: Caracal
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Urva
- Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata LC[21]
- Indian grey mongoose, U. edwardsii LC[22]
- Genus: Urva
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT[23]
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Blanford's fox, V. cana LC[24]
- Corsac fox, V. corsac LC[25]
- Rueppell's fox, V. rueppelli LC[26]
- Red fox, V. vulpes LC[27]
- Genus: Canis
- Genus: Vulpes
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[32]
- Genus: Martes
- Genus: Meles
- Caucasian badger, M. canescens NE presence uncertain
- Genus: Mellivora
- Honey badger, M. capensis LC[35]
- Genus: Mustela
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU[38]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eptesicus_serotinus.jpg/220px-Eptesicus_serotinus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nyctalus_leisleri.jpg/220px-Nyctalus_leisleri.jpg)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC[39]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[40]
- Hodgson's bat, M. formosus LC[41]
- Fraternal myotis, M. frater LC
- Kashmir cave bat, M. longipes DD[42]
- Whiskered myotis, M. muricola LC
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[43]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Eastern barbastelle, B. leucomelas LC
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC
- Gobi big brown bat, Eptesicus gobiensis LC
- Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC[44]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[45]
- Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus LC
- Genus: Otonycteris
- Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii LC
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra LC
- Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus LC
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Least pipistrelle, Pipistrellus tenuis LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus LC
- Genus: Scotophilus
- Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathi LC
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus LC
- Genus: Rhyneptesicus
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[47]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinopomatidae
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei LC
- Small mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma muscatellum LC
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC[48]
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Genus: Megaderma
- Megaderma lyra LC
- Genus: Megaderma
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii LC[49]
- Bokhara horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus bocharicus LC
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[50]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[51]
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus LC
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU[52]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Asellia
- Trident leaf-nosed bat, Asellia tridens LC
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus LC
- Genus: Asellia
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Long_Eared_hedgehog.jpg/220px-Long_Eared_hedgehog.jpg)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus LC
- Genus: Paraechinus
- Brandt's hedgehog, P. hypomelas LC
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Cape hare, L. capensis LC[53]
- Desert hare, L. tibetanus LC[54]
- Tolai hare, L. tolai LC[55]
- Genus: Lepus
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
- Large-eared pika, O. macrotis LC
- Afghan pika, O. rufescens LC
- Turkestan red pika, O. rutila LC
- Genus: Ochotona
Order: Primates[]
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Macaca
- Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta LC[56]
- Genus: Macaca
Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Afghan flying squirrel, H. baberi LC
- Genus: Petaurista
- Red giant flying squirrel, P. petaurista LC
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- Genus: Funambulus
- Northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii LC
- Genus: Funambulus
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Xerini
- Genus: Spermophilopsis
- Long-clawed ground squirrel, Spermophilopsis leptodactylus LC
- Genus: Spermophilopsis
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Long-tailed marmot, Marmota caudata LC
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus LC
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Xerini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Genus: Allactaga
- Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC
- Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica LC
- Hotson's jerboa, Allactaga hotsoni LC
- Genus: Allactaga
- Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
- Genus: Salpingotus
- Thomas's pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus thomasi DD
- Genus: Salpingotus
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Genus: Jaculus
- Blanford's jerboa, Jaculus blanfordi LC
- Genus: Jaculus
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Family: Calomyscidae
- Genus: Calomyscus
- Baluchi mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus baluchi LC
- Afghan mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus mystax LC
- Genus: Calomyscus
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Alticola
- Silver mountain vole, Alticola argentatus LC
- Genus: Blanfordimys
- Afghan vole, Blanfordimys afghanus LC
- Bucharian vole, Blanfordimys bucharicus LC
- Genus: Ellobius
- Southern mole vole, Ellobius fuscocapillus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Juniper vole, Microtus juldaschi LC
- Tien Shan vole, Microtus kirgisorum LC
- Transcaspian vole, Microtus transcaspicus LC
- Genus: Alticola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Swarthy gerbil, Gerbillus aquilus LC
- Balochistan gerbil, Gerbillus nanus LC
- Genus: Meriones
- Sundevall's jird, Meriones crassus LC
- Libyan jird, Meriones libycus LC
- Mid-day jird, Meriones meridianus LC
- Persian jird, Meriones persicus LC
- Zarudny's jird, Meriones zarudnyi EN
- Genus: Rhombomys
- Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus LC
- Genus: Tatera
- Indian gerbil, Tatera indica LC
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Ward's field mouse, Apodemus wardi LC
- Genus: Millardia
- Sand-colored soft-furred rat, Millardia gleadowi LC
- Genus: Nesokia
- Short-tailed bandicoot rat, Nesokia indica LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi LC
- Turkestan rat, Rattus turkestanicus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gartenspitzmaus.jpg/220px-Gartenspitzmaus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Suncus_murinus.jpg/220px-Suncus_murinus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Crocidura_leucodon-1.jpg/220px-Crocidura_leucodon-1.jpg)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Gmelin's white-toothed shrew, C. gmelini LC
- Taiga shrew, C. pullata LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[57]
- Zarudny's shrew, C. zarudnyi LC
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Asian house shrew, S. murinus LC[58]
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Soricini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Locally extinct[]
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus[59]
- Dhole, Cuon alpinus[60]
- Onager, Equus hemionus[61]
- Lion, Panthera leo[62]
- Tiger, Panthera tigris[63]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Mohammadian, H. (2011). An Introduction to Mammals of Afghanistan. Tehran, Iran: Shabpareh Publishing Institute. ISBN 978-600-5038-15-6.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8978A50187762.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8976A50187422.
- ^ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
- ^ Michel, S. & Rosen Michel, T. (2015). "Capra falconeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T3787A97218336.
- ^ Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T42398A22148720.
- ^ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
- ^ Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A54940728.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Duckworth, J.W. & MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Naemorhedus goral". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T14296A4430073.
- ^ Timmins, R.J. & Duckworth, J.W. (2015). "Moschus cupreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136750A61979453.
- ^ Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K. & Thakur, M. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T4261A120733024.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Habibi, K. (2003). Mammals of Afghanistan. Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation, USFWS.
- ^ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
- ^ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
- ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
- ^ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15640A180145377.
- ^ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
- ^ Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A160698029.
- ^ McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22732A50664030.
- ^ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
- ^ Mudappa, D. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
- ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23050A48075169.
- ^ Murdoch, J.D. (2014). "Vulpes corsac". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T23051A59049446.
- ^ Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J.D. & Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23053A46197483.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- ^ Boitani, L. & Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- ^ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41649A45212973.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
- ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- ^ Huang, J.C.-C.; Csorba, G.; Chang, H.-C & Ho, Y.-Y. (2020). "Myotis formosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85736120A95642290.
- ^ Kruskop, S.V. (2016). "Myotis longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14175A22056206.
- ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
- ^ Benda, P.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Rhyneptesicus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T7935A22117147.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
- ^ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii": e.T19515A21972073. Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
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- ^ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus tolai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41308A45193447.
- ^ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12554A3356486. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
- ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
- ^ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
- ^ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. (2020). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7951A166520460.
- ^ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
- ^ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
External links[]
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- Mammals of Afghanistan
- Lists of biota of Afghanistan
- Lists of mammals of Asia
- Mammals of South Asia
- Lists of mammals by location