List of mammals of the State of Palestine

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This is a list of mammal species recorded in the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)[]

Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are four species of furry, cat-sized, thickset, herbivorous mammals that might resemble rodents at first glance, but have hooves and two caniniform incisors among other features that betray their distant evolutionary relation to elephants. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Indian porcupine
Caucasian squirrel
Greater Egyptian jerboa
Palestine mole rat
Sand rat
Drawing of a short-tailed bandicoot rat
Eastern spiny mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)[]

Cape hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (hares and rabbits)
    • Subfamily: Leporinae
      • Genus: Lepus
        • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LC
        • European hare, Lepus europaeus LC

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

Lesser white-toothed shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Egyptian fruit bat
Mediterranean horseshoe bat
Serotine bat
Common noctule
Desert long-eared bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Short-beaked common dolphin with calf
Sperm whale group
Cuvier's beaked whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN[2]
        • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC [2]
  • Subfamily: Megapterinae
    • Genus: Megaptera
      • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC[2]
  • Suborder: Odontoceti

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Striped hyena
Honey badger

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Genus: Caracal
        • Caracal, C. caracal LC
      • Genus: Felis
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Herpestes
        • Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon LC
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      • Genus: Hyaena
        • Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT
  • Suborder: Caniformia
  • Suborder: Pinnipedia
    • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
      • Genus: Monachus
        • Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Dorcas gazelle

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Sus
        • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelopes, goats)

Locally extinct[]

The following species are locally extinct in Palestine:

  • Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus[3]
  • Addax, Addax nasomaculatus[4]
  • Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus[5]
  • Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus[6]
  • Red deer, Cervus elaphus[7]
  • Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica[8]
  • Onager, Equus hemionus[9]
  • Sand cat, Felis margarita[10]
  • Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx[11]
  • Lion, Panthera leo[12]
  • Leopard, Panthera pardus[13]
  • Brown bear, Ursus arctos[14]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 9 January 2013 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Update on the Cetacean Fauna of the Mediterranean Levantine Basin
  3. ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
  4. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Addax nasomaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T512A50180603. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T512A50180603.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  5. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T811A143160967. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T811A143160967.en.
  6. ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
  7. ^ Fellner, Robert O. (1978). Cultural Change and the Epipalaeolithic of Palestine. British Archaeological Reports. pp. 1–195.
  8. ^ Werner, N.Y.; Rabiei, A.; Saltz, D.; Daujat, J. & Baker, K (2016). "Dama mesopotamica (errata version)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6232A97672550. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  9. ^ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. (2020). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7951A166520460.
  10. ^ Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M. & Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8541A50651884. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  11. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Oryx leucoryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15569A50191626.
  12. ^ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  13. ^ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139.
  14. ^ McLellan, B.N.; Proctor, M.F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.

References[]

  • Aulagnier, S. et al. (2008) Guide des mammifères d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et de Moyen-Orient. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris
  • McDonald, D. & Barrett, P. (1993) Collins Field Guide. Mammals of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins Publishers, London
  • Reeves, R.R. et al. (2002) Sea Mammals of the World. A & C Black, London
  • IUCN Red List - The Red List of Threatened Species
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