List of political parties in Finland
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This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.[1]
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the socialist and non-socialist blocs usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät), usually voting with party discipline, which is however not absolute.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units of the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups.
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.[1] Among these conditions are:
- that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
- that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, or European Parliament election,
- that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
- and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.
A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register but may apply again. (In contrast, a voluntary association has a requirement of 20,000 supporters and is not eligible for party subsidy.)
Parliamentary parties[]
| Party | Ideology | MPs | MEPs | CCs | Leader | Founded | Ref | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Social Democratic Party Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen puolue Socialdemokratiska parti |
Social Democratic | Social democracy | 40 / 200
|
2 / 14
|
1,451 / 8,859
|
Sanna Marin | 1899 | [2][3][4] | |
|
Finns Party Perussuomalaiset Sannfinländarna |
Finns | National conservatism Right-wing populism |
38 / 200
|
2 / 14
|
1,350 / 8,859
|
Riikka Purra | 1995 | [2][3][4] | |
|
National Coalition Party Kansallinen Kokoomus Samlingspartiet |
National Coalition | Liberalism Liberal conservatism |
38 / 200
|
3 / 14
|
1,552 / 8,859
|
Petteri Orpo | 1918 | [2][3][4] | |
|
Centre Party Suomen Keskusta Centern |
Centre | Agrarianism Liberalism |
31 / 200
|
2 / 14
|
2,444 / 8,859
|
Annika Saarikko[5] | 1906 | [2][3][4] | |
|
Green League Vihreä liitto Gröna förbundet |
Green League | Green politics Green liberalism |
20 / 200
|
3 / 14
|
433 / 8,859
|
Maria Ohisalo | 1987 | [2][3][4] | |
|
Left Alliance Vasemmistoliitto Vänsterförbundet |
Left Alliance | Democratic socialism Eco-socialism |
16 / 200
|
1 / 14
|
508 / 8,859
|
Li Andersson | 1990 | [2][3][4] | |
|
Swedish People's Party Svenska folkpartiet Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue |
Swedish People's | Liberalism Swedo-Finnish interests |
9 / 200
|
1 / 14
|
463 / 8,859
|
Anna-Maja Henriksson | 1906 | [2][3][4] | |
| Christian Democrats Suomen Kristillisdemokraatit Kristdemokraterna |
Christian Democrat | Christian democracy Social conservatism |
5 / 200
|
0 / 14
|
311 / 8,859
|
Sari Essayah | 1958 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Movement Now Liike Nyt Rörelse Nu |
Movement Now | Economic liberalism | 1 / 200
|
0 / 14
|
49 / 8,859
|
Harry Harkimo | 2018 | [6][7][8][9] | ||
| Power Belongs to the People Valta kuuluu kansalle |
Power Belongs to the People | 1 / 200
|
0 / 14
|
2 / 8,859
|
Ano Turtiainen | 2020 | [2][4][10] | |||
Extra-parliamentary parties[]
Registered[]
Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
| Party | Ideology | CCs | Leader | Founded | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal Justice Party Eläinoikeuspuolue Djurrättspartiet |
Animal Justice Party of Finland | Animal rights | 0 | 2016 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Blue Reform Sininen tulevaisuus Blå framtid |
Blue Reform | Conservatism Soft Euroscepticism |
60 | 2017 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Citizens' Party Kansalaispuolue Medborgarpartiet |
Citizens' Party | Centrism Euroscepticism |
1 | 2016 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Crystal Party Kristallipuolue Kristall Parti |
Crystal Party | Alternative medicine Spirituality Anti-EU Anti-lockdown |
1 | 2013 | [2][3][4][11] | ||
| Feminist Party Feministinen puolue Feministiska partiet |
Feminist Party | Feminism | 1 | 2016 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue Finlands Kommunistiska Parti |
Communist Party of Finland | Communism | 2 | 1994 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Finnish People First Suomen Kansa Ensin Finska Folk Först |
Finnish People First | Nationalism | 0 | 2018 | [12][13] | ||
| Independence Party Itsenäisyyspuolue Självständighetspartiet |
Independence Party (Finland) | Euroscepticism Economic democracy |
2 | 1994 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Liberal Party Liberaalipuolue Liberalpartiet |
Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose | Classical liberalism Economic liberalism |
5 | 2016 | [2][3][4] | ||
| The Open Party Avoin Puolue Öppna Partiet |
AP | Liberalism Open government Direct democracy |
1 | [2][3][4][14] | |||
| Pirate Party Piraattipuolue Piratpartiet |
Pirate Party (Finland) | Pirate politics Social liberalism |
2 | 2008 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Seven Star Movement Seitsemän tähden liike Sju stjärnors rörelsen |
Seven Star Movement | Political independence Non-alignment Anti-immigration |
0 | 2018 | [15][16][17] | ||
Unregistered[]
| Party | Ideology | CCs | Leader | Founded | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet |
Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
0 | 1988 | [2][3][4] | ||
| Change 2011 Muutos 2011 Förändring 2011 |
Change 2011 | Direct democracy | 0 | 2009 | [4][18][19] | ||
| Blue-and-Black Movement Sinimusta Liike Blåsvarta rörelsen |
Blue-and-Black Movement | Finnish nationalism, White nationalism,Anti-immigration | 0 | 2021 | [20][21][22] | ||
| Finnish Islamic Party Suomen islamilainen puolue Finska Islamiska Partiet |
Finnish Islamic Party | Islamism | 0 | Abdullah Tammi | 2007 | [23] | |
Historical parties[]
Parliamentary historical parties[]
| Party | Founded | Dissolved | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Finnish Party Suomalainen Puolue |
1863 | 1918 | |
| Young Finnish Party Nuorsuomalainen Puolue |
1894 | 1918 | |
| Christian Workers' Union of Finland Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL |
1906 | 1922 | |
Kansanpuolue |
1917 | 1918 | |
| Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP |
1918 | 1992 | |
| National Progressive Party Kansallinen Edistyspuolue |
1918 | 1951 | |
| Liberal Swedish Party Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue |
1919 | 1951 | |
| Patriotic People's Movement Isänmaallinen kansanliike |
1932 | 1944 | |
| People's Party Kansanpuolue |
1932 | 1936 | |
| Finnish People's Democratic League Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL |
1945 | 1990 | |
| Liberal League Vapaamielisten liitto |
1951 | 1965 | |
| Liberals Liberaalit |
1965 | 2011 | |
| Finnish People's Unity Party Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP |
1972 | 1983 | |
| Constitutional Right Party Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP |
1973 | 1992 | |
| Democratic Alternative Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva |
1986 | 1990 | |
| Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta | 1988 | 2003 | |
| People's Party of Finland Suomen Kansanpuolue |
1951 | 1965 | |
| Reform Group Remonttiryhmä |
1998 | 2001 | |
| Finnish Rural Party Suomen Maaseudun Puolue |
1959 | 1995 | |
| Small Farmers Party Pienviljelijäin Puolue |
1936 | 1954 | |
| Small Farmers' Party of Finland Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue |
1929 | 1936 | |
| Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV |
1924 | 1930 | |
| Socialist Workers' Party of Finland Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP |
1920 | 1923 | |
| Socialist Unity Party Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP |
1946 | 1955 | |
| Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL |
1959 | 1973 | |
| Young Finns Nuorsuomalaiset |
1994 | 1999 | |
Extra-parliamentary historical parties[]
Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.
- (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
- (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
- (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
- (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
- (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
- (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
- (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
- (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
- New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
- Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
- Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
- Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
- Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
- Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
- (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
- Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
- (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
- Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
- National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
- Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
- (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
- Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
- (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
- (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
- Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
- (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
- (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
- (Suomen Senioripuolue), 1990–2014
- (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
- (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
- Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
- Patriotic People's Movement (Isänmaallinen kansanliike), 1993–2010
- (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
- Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
- Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
- For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
- Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
See also[]
- Parliament of Finland
- Government of Finland
- President of Finland
- Elections in Finland
- Politics of Finland
- List of political parties in Åland
- List of ruling political parties by country
References[]
- ^ a b "Puoluelaki 10/1969" [Party Law 10/1969]. www.finlex.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "List of Registered Parties". Vaalit.fi. Ministry of Justice. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Rekisteröidyt puolueet". Vaalit.fi (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Puolueiden nimet ja lyhenteet". Kielitoimiston ohjepankki (in Finnish). 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ "Saarikko beats Kulmuni in Centre Party leadership vote". yle. yle.fi. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ "Här är listan på alla som är med i Harkimos nya rörelse". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Ijäs, Johannes (27 April 2018). "Harkimo (liik) siirretään perussuomalaisten ja keskustan väliin takariviin". Demokraatti (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Karkkola, Minna (7 May 2018). "Tutkija löysi paradoksin Hjallis Harkimon liikkeestä: 'Saadaanko tavoitteella tismalleen päinvastainen lopputulos?'". Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Räsänen, Jukka-Pekka (21 April 2018). "Nimet julki: he ovat Liike Nytin taustalla". Savon Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Koskinen, Mika (2 September 2021). "Ano Turtiaisen Valta kuuluu kansalle merkitty puoluerekisteriin". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ "Oikaisuja 11.6.2020 ja 18.6.2020". Outokummun Seutu (in Finnish). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ Paakkanen, Mikko (11 December 2018). "Suomeen rekisteröitiin uusi maahanmuuttovastainen puolue". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ "Kansallismielinen Suomen Kansa Ensin puoluerekisteriin". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). STT. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ "Helsingin valtuustoon uusi yhden hengen ryhmä, perustajana Piraatit jättänyt Petrus Pennanen". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 2 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- ^ Pettersson, Dann (1 August 2018). "HS: Paavo Väyrynen misstänkts använda e-postlista från sitt förra parti - 'Uppgifterna är stulna' säger Medborgarpartiet". Yle News (in Swedish). Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "Ex-Centre elder Paavo Väyrynen sets up yet another party". Yle News. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "Seitsemän tähden liike puoluerekisteriin" (in Finnish). Yle. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "Hirvisaari perustaa Muutos 2011 -nimisen eduskuntaryhmän | Yle Uutiset" (in Finnish). yle.fi. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
- ^ "Muutospuolue" (in Finnish). Change 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Finns Party splinter group dons colours of 1940s fascists". Yle News. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ Lehtonen, Marko-Oskari (4 February 2021). "Entisten perussuomalaisten Sinimusta liike ei malttanut odottaa ministeriön päätöstä – aloitti kannattajakorttien keräämisen liian aikaisin". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ Pettersson, Tobias (22 January 2021). "Blåsvarta rörelsen en tydlig referens till 30-talets finländska fascism". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ "Islamilainen puolue teki tutkintapyynnön Suposta". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 1 November 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
External links[]
Categories:
- Lists of political parties by country
- Political parties in Finland
- Finland politics-related lists
- Lists of organisations based in Finland