List of presidents of Syria

Politics of Syria
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This article lists the presidents of Syria since 1920.

List of officeholders[]

Syrian Federation under the French Mandate (1922–1924)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Subhi Barakat (1889–1939)	—	29[1] June 1922	31 December 1924	2 years, 185 days	Independent		—
State of Syria under the French Mandate (1925–1930)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Subhi Barakat (1889–1939)	—	1 January 1925	21 December 1925	354 days	Independent		—
—		François Pierre-Alype (1853–1932)	—	9 February 1926	28 April 1926	78 days	Independent		—
2		Ahmad Nami (1873–1962)	—	28 April 1926	15 February 1928	1 year, 293 days	Independent		—
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	—	15 February 1928	14 May 1930	2 years, 88 days	Independent		—
Syrian Republic under the French Mandate (1930–1945)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
—		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	—	14 May 1930	19 November 1931	1 year, 189 days	Independent		—
—		Léon Solomiac (1873–1960)	—	19 November 1931	11 June 1932	205 days	Independent		—
3		Muhammad Ali al-Abed (1867–1939)	—	11 June 1932	21 December 1936	4 years, 193 days	Independent		—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	—	21 December 1936	7 July 1939	2 years, 198 days	National Bloc		—
5		Bahij al-Khatib (1895–1981)	—	10 July 1939	4 April 1941	1 year, 268 days	Independent		—
—		Khalid al-Azm (1903–1965)	—	4 April 1941	16 September 1941	165 days	Independent		—
6		Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943)	—	16 September 1941	17 January 1943	1 year, 123 days	Independent		Hasani died in office.[2]
—		Jamil al-Ulshi (1883–1951)	—	17 January 1943	25 March 1943	67 days	Independent		—
7		Ata al-Ayyubi (1877–1951)	—	25 March 1943	17 August 1943	145 days	Independent		—
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	—	17 August 1943	24 October 1945	2 years, 68 days	National Bloc		—
Syrian Republic (1945–1958)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	—	24 October 1945	29 March 1949	3 years, 156 days	National Bloc / National Party		Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.[3]
9		Husni al-Za'im (1897–1949)	1949	30 March 1949	14 August 1949	137 days	Syrian Social Nationalist Party		Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.[4]
10		Sami al-Hinnawi (1898–1950)	—	14 August 1949	15 August 1949	1 day	Military		—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	—	15 August 1949	2 December 1951	2 years, 109 days	National Party		—
—		Adib Shishakli (1909–1964)	—	2 December 1951	3 December 1951	1 day	Syrian Social Nationalist Party		—
11		Fawzi Selu (1905–1972)	—	3 December 1951	11 July 1953	1 year, 220 days	Military		—
12		Adib Shishakli (1909–1964)	1953	11 July 1953	25 February 1954	229 days	Arab Liberation Movement		Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.[5] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.[5]
—		Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998)	—	25 February 1954	28 February 1954	3 days	Independent		—
4		Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960)	—	28 February 1954	6 September 1955	1 year, 190 days	National Party		—
8		Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967)	—	6 September 1955	22 February 1958	2 years, 169 days	National Party		—
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
13		Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918–1970)	1958	22 February 1958	29 September 1961	3 years, 219 days			—
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)[]
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Political party		Note(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
—		Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998)	—	29 September 1961	20 November 1961	52 days	Independent		Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic.
—		Izzat al-Nuss (1912–1976)[6]	—	20 November 1961	14 December 1961	24 days	Military		—
14		Nazim al-Kudsi (1906–1998)	—	14 December 1961	8 March 1963	1 year, 84 days	People's Party		The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[7]
15		Lu'ay al-Atassi (1926–2003)	—	9 March 1963	27 July 1963	140 days	Independent		Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[8] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[9]
16		Amin al-Hafiz (1921–2009)	—	27 July 1963	23 February 1966	2 years, 211 days	Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[10]
17		Nureddin al-Atassi (1929–1992)	—	25 February 1966	18 November 1970	4 years, 266 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[11] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.[12]
—		Ahmad al-Khatib (1933–1982)	—	18 November 1970	22 February 1971	96 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		—
18		Hafez al-Assad (1930–2000)	1971 1978 1985 1991 1999	22 February 1971	10 June 2000	29 years, 109 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		Assad died in office.[13]
—		Abdul Halim Khaddam (1932–2020)	—	10 June 2000	17 July 2000	37 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		—
19		Bashar al-Assad (1965–)	2000 2007 2014 2021	17 July 2000	Incumbent	21 years, 60 days	Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)		—

Timeline[]

See also[]

• President of Syria
• Vice President of Syria
• Prime Minister of Syria
  • List of prime ministers of Syria
• Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria

References[]

General

Bibliography

• Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-40-0.
• Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520069763.