List of sovereign states in 1494
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The notion of a sovereign state arises in the mid-16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.
Sovereign states[]
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A[]
Adal – Adal Sultanate
- Alodia – Kingdom of Alodia
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Aq Qoyunlu – Aq Qoyunlu Federation
- Arakan – Sultanate of Arakan
- Assam – Kingdom of Assam
Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
Aztec Empire – Aztec Empire
B[]
Béarn – Viscountcy of Béarn
- Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal
Benin – Benin Empire
- Bhadgaon – Kingdom of Bhadgaon
Bosnian Kingdom
C[]
Ceylon – Kotte Kingdom
- Cherokee – Cherokee Tribe
- China – Empire of the Great Ming
Connaught – Kingdom of Connaught
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
- Creek – Creek Tribe
Crimea – Crimean Khanate
D[]
E[]
F[]
Ferrara – Ferrara
- Fez – Kingdom of Fez
Florence – Republic of Florence
France – Kingdom of France
- Funj – Funj Tribe
G[]
Genoa – Republic of Genoa
- Gondwana – Kingdom of Gondwana
- Golden Horde – Golden Horde
- Gujarat – Sultanate of Gujarat
H[]
- Haasa – Haasa Tribe
Ifriqiya – Ruled by the Hafsid dynasty
- Hawsa – Hawsa Tribe
- Hedjaz – Sultanate of Hedjaz
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
- Huron – Huron Tribe
I[]
- Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti, with autonomous vassals:
Guria – Principality of Guria
- Mingrelia – Principality of Mingrelia, with vassal:
- Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti
- Inca Empire – Inca Empire
- Iroquois – Iroquois, the Nations
J[]
Japan – divided into small warring states
- Jolof – Jolof Empire, with vassal:
- Waalo – Kingdom of Waalo
K[]
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
Kalmar Union – Kalmar Union, consisting of
- Kanem Bornu – Empire of Kanem Bornu
- Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli[1]
- Kashmir – Sultanate of Kashmir
- Kathmandu – Kingdom of Kathmandu
Kazakh Khanate – Kazakh Khanate
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
- Khandesh – Sultanate of Khandesh
Knights of St. John – Knights of St. John
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
- Kotoko – Kotoko Kingdom
L[]
M[]
- Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
- Malacca – Sultanate of Malacca
Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
- Mali – Mali Empire
- Malwa – Sultanate of Malwa
Mamluk Sultanate – Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
- Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
- Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
- Maya – Maya Empire
Modena – Duchy of Modena
Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
- Mong Mao – Mong Mao
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
- Mughalistan – Khanate of Mughalistan
- Munster – Kingdom of Munster
- Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Moscow
Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
- Mahiya Rajput – Kingdom of Wakaner
N[]
- Najd – Kingdom of Najd
Naples – Kingdom of Naples
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
- Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
O[]
- Oman – Sultanate of Oman
- Orissa – Kingdom of Orissa
Ottoman Empire – Ottoman Empire, with vassals:
- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P[]
Papal States – States of the Church
- Patan – Kingdom of Patan
- Pegu – Kingdom of Pegu
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Pskov – Pskov Feudal Republic
Q[]
- Qara Koyunlu – Federation of Qara Koyunlu
Qasim – Qasim Khanate
R[]
Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
- Rajputna – Kingdom of Rajputna
Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan
Ryūkyū – Ryūkyū Kingdom
S[]
- Saaremaa – Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
Saluzzo – Marquisate of Saluzzo
- Samtskhe – Principality of Samtskhe
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
County of Santa Fiora
Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
- Shan – Kingdom of Shan
- Shawnee – Tribe of Shawnee
- Siberia – Khanate of Sibir
Siena – Republic of Siena
- Sind – Sultanate of Sind
- Songhai – Songhai Empire
Spain – Spain, a loose union between:
- Sukhothai – Kingdom of Sukhothai
- Sulu – Sulu Sultanate
- Swahili – Swahili Tribe
T[]
- Tartu – Bishopric of Tartu
- Taungu – Kingdom of Taungu
Teutonic Knights – Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
- Texcoco – Kingdom of Texcoco
- Tibet – Tibet
- Timurid Empire
Kingdom of Tlemcen – Kingdom of Tlemcen
- Travancore – Kingdom of Travancore
- Tripoli – Kingdom of Tripoli
U[]
– Earldom of Ulster
V[]
Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice
- Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
W[]
Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia
- Wattasids – Wattasid Sultanate
Y[]
- Yemen – Kingdom of Yemen
Z[]
Notes[]
Categories:
- Lists of sovereign states by year