List of state leaders in 2001

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also
  • List of state leaders in 2000
  • Events of 2001
  • List of state leaders in 2002
  • State leaders by year
  • List of sovereign states in 2001
  • List of foreign ministers in 2001

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2001.

Africa[]

  •  Algeria
    • President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
    • Prime Minister – Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
  •  Angola
  •  Benin
  •  Botswana
    • President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
  •  Burkina Faso
    • President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
  •  Burundi
    • President – Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
  •  Cameroon
  •  Cape Verde
  •  Central African Republic
  •  Chad
    • President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)
    • Prime Minister – Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
  •  Comoros
    • President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Hamada Madi, Prime Minister of the Comoros (2000–2002)
    •  Anjouan (unrecognised, secessionist state)
  •  Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
    • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
  •  Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
    • President –
      1. Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
      2. Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
  •  Djibouti
    • President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
      2. Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
  •  Egypt
    • President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
  •  Equatorial Guinea
    • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
      2. Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
  •  Eritrea
    • President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
  •  Ethiopia
  •  Gabon
  •  The Gambia
  •  Ghana
    • President –
      1. Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
      2. John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
  •  Guinea
  •  Guinea-Bissau
    • President – Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Caetano N'Tchama, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2001)
      2. Faustino Imbali, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001)
      3. Alamara Nhassé, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001–2002)
  •  Ivory Coast
    • President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2000–2003)
  •  Kenya
    • President – Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
  •  Lesotho
    • Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
    • Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
  •  Liberia
    • President – Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (2000–2003)
  •  Libya
  •  Madagascar
    • President – Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
  •  Malawi
  •  Mali
  •  Mauritania
    • President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
  •  Mauritius
    • President – Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
  •   Mayotte (departmental collectivity of France)
    • redesignated from a territorial collectivity of the French Republic on 11 July
    • Prefect –
      1. , Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
      2. , Prefect of Mayotte (2001–2002)
    • Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
  •  Morocco
    • Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
    •  Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
      • President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
      • Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
  •  Mozambique
    • President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
  •  Namibia
  •  Niger
    • President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
  •  Nigeria
  •  Rwanda
    • President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
  •  Saint Helena and Dependencies (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
  •  São Tomé and Príncipe
  •  Senegal
    • President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Moustapha Niasse, Prime Minister of Senegal (2000–2001)
      2. Mame Madior Boye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2001–2002)
  •  Seychelles
  •  Sierra Leone
  •  Somalia
    • President – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime Minister of Somalia (2000–2001)
      2. Osman Jama Ali, Acting Prime Minister of Somalia (2001)
      3. Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003)
    •  Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
      • President – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
    •  Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
      • President –
        1. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2001)
        2. Yusuf Haji Nur, Acting President of Puntland (2001)
        3. Jama Ali Jama, President of Puntland (2001–2002)
  •  South Africa
  •  Sudan
    • President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
  •  Swaziland
    • Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
  •  Tanzania
    • President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  •  Togo
  •  Tunisia
    • President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
  •  Uganda
  •  Zambia
    • President – Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
  •  Zimbabwe
    • President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Asia[]

  • Afghanistan
    • following the 14 November fall of the capital, the Islamic State retook Afghanistan from the Islamic Emirate and was thus superseded on 22 December
    • Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (mostly unrecognised government)
      • Head of State – Mullah Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
      • Prime Minister –
        1. Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
        2. Mawlawi Abdul Kabir, Acting Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (2001)
    • Islamic State of Afghanistan
      • President –
        1. Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
        2. Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
      • Prime Minister – Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997–2001)
  •  Bahrain
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
  •  Bangladesh
  •  Bhutan
    • Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2000–2001)
      2. Khandu Wangchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2001–2002)
  •  Brunei
    • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
    • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
  •  Cambodia
    • Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [d]
  •  China (People's Republic of China)
  •  East Timor (under UN administration)
  •  India
    • President – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
  •  Indonesia
    • President –
      1. Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
      2. Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
  •  Iran
    • Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
    • President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
  •  Iraq
    • President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
  •  Israel
    • President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001)
      2. Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
    •  Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
      • President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004)
  •  Japan
    • Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Yoshirō Mori, Prime Minister of Japan (2000–2001)
      2. Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
  •  Jordan
    • Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
  •  Kazakhstan
    • President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [e]
    • Prime Minister – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
  •  North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  •  South Korea (Republic of Korea)
    • President – Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Lee Han-dong, Prime Minister of South Korea (2000–2002)
  •  Kuwait
    • Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
  •  Kyrgyzstan
    • President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [f]
    • Prime Minister – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2000–2002)
  •  Laos
    • Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
    • President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
    • Premier –
      1. Sisavath Keobounphanh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1998–2001)
      2. Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006)
  •  Lebanon
    • President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004)
  •  Malaysia
    • Monarch –
      1. Tuanku Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1999–2001)
      2. Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001)
      3. Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
  •  Maldives
  •  Mongolia
    • President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
  •  Myanmar
    • Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
  •  Nepal
    • Monarch –
      1. Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
      2. Dipendra, King of Nepal (2001)
      3. Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
    • Regent – Gyanendra, Regent of Nepal (2001)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (2000–2001)
      2. Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002)
  •  Oman
    • Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
    • Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
  •  Pakistan
    • President –
      1. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
      2. Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999–2002)
  •  Philippines
    • President –
      1. Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
      2. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
  •  Qatar
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
  •  Saudi Arabia
    • Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
    • Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  •  Singapore
    • President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
  •  Sri Lanka
    • President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2000–2001)
      2. Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
  •  Syria
    • President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
  •  Taiwan (Republic of China)
  •  Tajikistan
    • President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
    • Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
  •  Thailand
    • Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
      2. Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
  •  Turkey
  •  Turkmenistan
  •  United Arab Emirates
    • President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
  •  Uzbekistan
  •  Vietnam
  •  Yemen

Europe[]

  •  Albania
    • President – Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
  •  Andorra
    • Monarchs –
    • Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
  •  Armenia
    • President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
  •  Austria
    • President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
    • Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
  •  Azerbaijan
    • President – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
    •  Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
  •  Belarus
    • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Vladimir Yermoshin, Prime Minister of Belarus (2000–2001)
      2. Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
  •  Belgium
    • Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  •  Bulgaria
    • President – Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
      2. Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
  •  Croatia
  •  Cyprus
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
    • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
      2. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
    • President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003)
  •  France
    • President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
  •  Georgia
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
    • President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
  •  Hungary
  •  Iceland
  •  Ireland
    • President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
  •  Italy
    • President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Giuliano Amato, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2000–2001)
      2. Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
  •  Latvia
  •  Liechtenstein
    • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
      2. Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
  •  Lithuania
    • President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2000–2001)
      2. Eugenijus Gentvilas, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001)
      3. Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
  •  Luxembourg
    • Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
  •  Macedonia
    • President – Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Ljubčo Georgievski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1998–2002)
  •  Malta
  •  Moldova
  •  Monaco
    • Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
  •  Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
    •  Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
      • Prime Minister – Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
    •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  Norway
  •  Poland
    • President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
      2. Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
  •  Portugal
    • President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
    • Prime Minister – António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
  •  Romania
  •  Russia
    • President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004)
  •  San Marino
  •  Slovakia
    • President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
    • Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
    • Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
  •  Sweden
    • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
  •   Switzerland
    • Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [m]
      • Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010; President of Switzerland, 2001), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), and Samuel Schmid (2000–2008)
  •  Ukraine
    • President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001)
      2. Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2001–2002)
  •  United Kingdom
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
    •  Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    •  Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    •  Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
      • Lieutenant-Governor –
        1. Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
        2. Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
      • Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
    •  Gibraltar (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •   Vatican City
    • Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
    • Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
      • Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
  •  Yugoslavia

North America[]

  •  Anguilla (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004)
    • Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
  •  Antigua and Barbuda
  •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  The Bahamas
  •  Barbados
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)
    • Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
  •  Belize
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)
    • Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
  •  Bermuda (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •  British Virgin Islands (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1998–2002)
    • Chief Minister – Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
  •  Canada
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
    • Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
  •  Cayman Islands (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Peter Smith, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1999–2002)
    • Head of Government –
      1. Kurt Tibbetts, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2000–2001)
      2. McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005)
  •  Costa Rica
  •  Cuba
    • Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
    • President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
  •  Dominica
  •  Dominican Republic
  •  El Salvador
  •  Grenada
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
  •  Guatemala
    • President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
  •  Haiti
  •  Honduras
    • President – Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
  •  Jamaica
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
    • Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
  •  Mexico
    • President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
  •  Montserrat (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  Nicaragua
  •  Panama
    • President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
  •  Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
  •  Saint Lucia
  •   Saint Pierre and Miquelon (departmental collectivity of France)
  •  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  •  Trinidad and Tobago
    • President – A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
      2. Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
  •  Turks and Caicos Islands (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •  United States
    • President –
      1. Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
      2. George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
    •  Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
    •  United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
      • Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania[]

  •  American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • Governor – Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
  •  Australia
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
    • Governor-General –
      1. Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
      2. Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
    • Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
    • Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator – Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
      • Shire-President –
        1. , Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
        2. , Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
    • Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator – Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
      • Shire-President –
        1. , Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2001)
        2. , Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
    •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
      • Administrator – Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
      • Chief Minister –
        1. , Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2000–2001)
        2. Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
  •  Fiji
    • President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2001)
      2. Ratu Tevita Momoedonu, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001)
      3. Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
  •   French Polynesia (overseas territory of France)
    • High Commissioner –
      1. , High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
      2. , Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001)
      3. Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005)
    • Head of Government – Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
  •  Guam (insular area of the United States)
    • Governor – Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
  •  Kiribati
    • President – Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
  •  Marshall Islands
    • President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
  •  Micronesia
    • President – Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
  •  Nauru
  •  New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
  •  New Zealand
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
    • Governor-General –
      1. Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
      2. Dame Sian Elias, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (2001)
      3. Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
    •  Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
    •  Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
      • Premier – Sani Lakatani, Premier of Niue (1999–2002)
    • Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
      • Administrator – Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
      • Head of Government –
        1. Kolouei O'Brien, Head of Government of Tokelau (2000–2001)
        2. Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2001–2002)
  •  Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
    • Governor – Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
  •  Palau
  •  Papua New Guinea
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Sir Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002)
  •  Pitcairn Islands (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor –
      1. Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001)
      2. Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
    • Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
  •  Samoa
  •  Solomon Islands
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Manasseh Sogavare, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2000–2001)
      2. Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
  •  Tonga
    • Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [o]
    • Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
  •  Tuvalu
  •  Vanuatu
    • President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
      2. Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
  •   Wallis and Futuna (overseas territory of France)
    • Administrator – , Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2000–2002)
    • Head of Government –
      1. , President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1999–2001)
      2. Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)

South America[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  2. ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  3. ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  4. ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
  5. ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
  6. ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
  7. ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
  8. ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
  9. ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
  10. ^ Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
  11. ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
  12. ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
  13. ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  14. ^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
  15. ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.

External links[]

  • Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
  • WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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