List of state leaders in 2003

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See also

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2003.

Africa[]

  •  Algeria
    • President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
      2. Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006)
  •  Angola
  •  Benin
  •  Botswana
    • President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
  •  Burkina Faso
    • President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
  •  Burundi
    • President –
      1. Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
      2. Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005)
  •  Cameroon
  •  Cape Verde
    • President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
    • Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
  •  Central African Republic
    • President –
      1. Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
      2. François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Martin Ziguélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
      2. Abel Goumba, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003)
      3. Célestin Gaombalet, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003–2005)
  •  Chad
    • President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Haroun Kabadi, Prime Minister of Chad (2002–2003)
      2. Moussa Faki, Prime Minister of Chad (2003–2005)
  •  Comoros
    • President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
  •  Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
    • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
  •  Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
    • President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
  •  Djibouti
    • President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
  •  Egypt
    • President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
  •  Equatorial Guinea
    • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister – Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
  •  Eritrea
    • President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
  •  Ethiopia
    • President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
  •  Gabon
  •  The Gambia
  •  Ghana
    • President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
  •  Guinea
  •  Guinea-Bissau
    • President –
      1. Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
      2. Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee for the Restoration of Constitutional and Democratic Order of Guinea-Bissau (2003)
      3. Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Mário Pires, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2002–2003)
      2. Artur Sanhá, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2004)
  •  Ivory Coast
    • President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2000–2003)
      2. Seydou Diarra, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005)
  •  Kenya
    • President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
  •  Lesotho
    • Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
    • Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
  •  Liberia
    • Head of State –
      1. Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
      2. Moses Blah, President of Liberia (2003)
      3. Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006)
  •  Libya
  •  Madagascar
    • President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Jacques Sylla, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2002–2007)
  •  Malawi
  •  Mali
    • President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime Minister of Mali (2002–2004)
  •  Mauritania
    • President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
      2. Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2003–2005)
  •  Mauritius
    • President –
      1. Karl Offmann, President of Mauritius (2002–2003)
      2. Raouf Bundhun, Acting President of Mauritius (2003)
      3. Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
      2. Paul Bérenger, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2003–2005)
  •   Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)
    • redesignated from a departmental collectivity of the French Republic on 28 March
    • Prefect – , Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
    • Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
  •  Morocco
    • Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Driss Jettou, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
    •  Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
      • President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
      • Prime Minister –
        1. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
        2. Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
  •  Mozambique
    • President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
  •  Namibia
  •  Niger
    • President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
  •  Nigeria
  •  Rwanda
    • President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
  •  Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
  •  São Tomé and Príncipe
  •  Senegal
    • President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Idrissa Seck, Prime Minister of Senegal (2002–2004)
  •  Seychelles
  •  Sierra Leone
  •  Somalia
    • President – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003)
      2. Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime Minister of Somalia (2003–2004)
    •  Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
      • President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
    •  Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
      • President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (2002–2004)
  •  South Africa
  •  Sudan
    • President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
  •  Swaziland
    • Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
      2. Paul Shabangu, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003)
      3. Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
  •  Tanzania
    • President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  •  Togo
    • President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Koffi Sama, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
  •  Tunisia
    • President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
  •  Uganda
  •  Zambia
    • President – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
  •  Zimbabwe
    • President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Asia[]

  •  Afghanistan
    • President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
  •  Bahrain
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
  •  Bangladesh
    • President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
  •  Bhutan
    • Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Kinzang Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003)
      2. Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2003–2004)
  •  Brunei
    • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
    • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
  •  Cambodia
    • Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [d]
  •  China (People's Republic of China)
  •  East Timor
  •  India
    • President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India (2002–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
  •  Indonesia
    • President – Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
  •  Iran
    • Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
    • President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
  •  Iraq (under an occupation led by the United States)
    • following the 9 April fall of the capital, the occupied Ba'athist Iraq was superseded ensuing invasion on 21 April
    • President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
    • Administrator –
      1. Jay Garner, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003)
      2. Paul Bremer, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003–2004)
    • Head of Government –
      1. Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
      2. Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
      3. Ibrahim al-Jaafari, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
      4. Ahmed Chalabi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
      5. Ayad Allawi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
      6. Jalal Talabani, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
      7. Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
  •  Israel
    • President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
    •  Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
      • President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004)
      • Prime Minister –
        1. Mahmoud Abbas, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003)
        2. Ahmed Qurei, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003–2005)
  •  Japan
    • Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
    • Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
  •  Jordan
  •  Kazakhstan
  •  North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  •  South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  •  Kuwait
    • Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Sheikh Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
      2. Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006)
  •  Kyrgyzstan
    • President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [g]
    • Prime Minister – Nikolai Tanayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005)
  •  Laos
  •  Lebanon
    • President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004)
  •  Malaysia
    • Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
      2. Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
  •  Maldives
  •  Mongolia
    • President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
  •  Myanmar
  •  Nepal
    • Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003)
      2. Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004)
  •  Oman
    • Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
    • Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
  •  Pakistan
    • President – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2002–2004)
  •  Philippines
    • President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
  •  Qatar
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
  •  Saudi Arabia
    • Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
    • Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  •  Singapore
    • President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
  •  Sri Lanka
    • President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
  •  Syria
  •  Taiwan (Republic of China)
  •  Tajikistan
    • President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
    • Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
  •  Thailand
    • Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
    • Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
  •  Turkey
  •  Turkmenistan
  •  United Arab Emirates
    • President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
  •  Uzbekistan
  •  Vietnam
  •  Yemen

Europe[]

  •  Albania
    • President – Alfred Moisiu, President of Albania (2002–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
  •  Andorra
    • Monarchs –
      • French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
        • Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince –
        1. Archbishop Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
        2. Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
  •  Armenia
    • President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
  •  Austria
    • President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
    • Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
  •  Azerbaijan
    • President –
      1. Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
      2. Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
      2. Ilham Aliyev, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003)
      3. Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
    •  Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
  •  Belarus
    • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
      2. Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
  •  Belgium
    • Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  •  Bulgaria
    • President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
  •  Croatia
    • President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ivica Račan, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003)
      2. Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)
  •  Cyprus
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
    • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
  •  France
    • President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
  •  Georgia
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
    • President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
  •  Hungary
  •  Iceland
  •  Ireland
    • President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
  •  Italy
    • President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
  •  Latvia
  •  Liechtenstein
    • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
  •  Lithuania
    • President –
      1. Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
      2. Rolandas Paksas, President of Lithuania (2003–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
  •  Luxembourg
    • Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
  •  Macedonia
    • President – Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2002–2004)
  •  Malta
  •  Moldova
  •  Monaco
    • Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
  •  Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
    •  Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
      • Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
    •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  Norway
    • Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2003–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
  •  Poland
    • President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
  •  Portugal
    • President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
    • Prime Minister – José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
  •  Romania
  •  Russia
    • President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004)
  •  San Marino
    • Captains-Regent –
      1. and , Captains Regent of San Marino (2002–2003)
      2. and , Captains Regent of San Marino (2003)
      3. Giovanni Lonfernini and Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003–2004)
  •  Serbia and Montenegro
  •  Slovakia
    • President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
    • Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
    • Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
  •  Sweden
    • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
  •   Switzerland
    • Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [m]
      • Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009; President of Switzerland, 2003), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010)
  •  Ukraine
    • President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005)
  •  United Kingdom
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
    •  Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    •  Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    •  Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
      • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
      • Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
    •  Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •   Vatican City
    • Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
    • Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
      • Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
  •  Yugoslavia
    • see under the aforelisted State Union of Serbia and Montenegro

North America[]

  •  Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004)
    • Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
  •  Antigua and Barbuda
  •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  The Bahamas
  •  Barbados
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)
    • Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
  •  Belize
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)
    • Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
  •  Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Sir John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007)
    • Premier –
      1. Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
      2. Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006)
  •  British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006)
    • Chief Minister –
      1. Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
      2. Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007)
  •  Canada
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
    • Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
      2. Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)
  •  Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005)
    • Head of Government – McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005)
  •  Costa Rica
    • President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
  •  Cuba
    • Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
    • President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
  •  Dominica
    • President –
      1. Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
      2. Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
  •  Dominican Republic
  •  El Salvador
  •  Grenada
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
    • Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
  •  Guatemala
    • President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
  •  Haiti
  •  Honduras
    • President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
  •  Jamaica
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
    • Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
  •  Mexico
    • President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
  •  Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  Nicaragua
  •  Panama
    • President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
  •  Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
  •  Saint Lucia
  •   Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)
  •  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)
    • Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–2019)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago
  •  Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005)
    • Chief Minister –
      1. Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
      2. Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009)
  •  United States
    • President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
    •  Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
    •  United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
      • Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania[]

  •  American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • Governor –
      1. Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
      2. Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
  •  Australia
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
    • Governor-General –
      1. Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
      2. Sir Guy Green, Administrator of the Government of Australia (2003)
      3. Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
    • Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
    •  Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator –
        1. Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
        2. Ray Stone, Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2003)
        3. Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005)
      • Shire-President –
        1. , Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
        2. Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
    • Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator –
        1. Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
        2. Ray Stone, Acting administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003)
        3. Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005)
      • Shire-President – , Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
    •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
      • Administrator –
        1. Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
        2. , Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003)
        3. Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007)
      • Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
  •  Fiji
    • President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
  •   French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)
  •  Guam (insular area of the United States)
    • Governor –
      1. Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
      2. Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
  •  Kiribati
    • President –
      1. Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
      2. Tion Otang, Chairman of the Council of State of Kiribati (2003)
      3. Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
  •  Marshall Islands
    • President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
  •  Micronesia
    • President –
      1. Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
      2. Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007)
  •  Nauru
  •  New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
  •  New Zealand
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
    • Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
    •  Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
    •  Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
    • Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
      • Administrator –
        1. Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
        2. Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006)
      • Head of Government –
        1. Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (2002–2003)
        2. Kolouei O'Brien, Head of Government of Tokelau (2003–2004)
  •  Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
    • Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
  •  Palau
  •  Papua New Guinea
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
    • Governor-General –
      1. Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
      2. Bill Skate, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2003–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
  •  Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
    • Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
  •  Samoa
  •  Solomon Islands
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
  •  Tonga
    • Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [n]
    • Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
  •  Tuvalu
  •  Vanuatu
    • President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
    • Prime Minister – Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
  •   Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)
    • redesignated from an overseas territory of the French Republic on 28 March
    • Administrator – , Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005)
    • Head of Government – Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)

South America[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  2. ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  3. ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  4. ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
  5. ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
  6. ^ The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
  7. ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
  8. ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
  9. ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
  10. ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
  11. ^ Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
  12. ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
  13. ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  14. ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.

External links[]

  • Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
  • WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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