List of the Cenozoic life of Texas

This list of the Cenozoic life of Texas contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Texas and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A[]

• †Abdounia
  • †
  • †Abdounia recticona
• Abra
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of an Acanthocardia cockle
  Acanthocardia
  • †
• Acar
  • †
• Acirsa
  • †
• †Aclistomycter
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Acris
  • †Acris crepitans
• 

  Shells of Acteocina barrel-bubble sea snails
  Acteocina
• Acteon
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• – tentative report
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Admetula
  • † – type locality for species
• Adrana
  • †
• Aedes
• †Aelurodon
  • †
  • †Aelurodon taxoides
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Aepycamelus
• Agaronia
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Agkistrodon
• †Agriocharis
  • †
• †Agriochoerus
  • †
• †Agriotherium
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
• †Aguascalientia
• †
  • †
• Akera
  • †
• †Alforjas
  • † – type locality for species
• Aliculastrum
• †
  • †
• †Allaeochelys – or unidentified comparable form
• Alligator
  • †Alligator mississipiensis
  • †Alligator mississippiensis
  • 

    Fossilized forelimbs of the Miocene Alligator olseni, or Olsen’s Alligator
    †Alligator olseni
• †Allognathosuchus
• †Allomorone
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – tentative report
• Alvania
• †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Amblema
  • †Amblema plicata
• †Ambystoma
  • †Ambystoma tigrinum
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932).
  †Amebelodon
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Ameiurus
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Amnicola
  • †
• †Amphicyon
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene saber-toothed cat Amphimachairodus
  †Amphimachairodus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Amphiuma
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Ampullina
  • †
  • †
• • †
• Amusium
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Anadara
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Anancus
  †Anancus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Anchitheriomys
• †Anchitherium
  • † – type locality for species
• Ancilla
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Angelarctocyon
  • †Angelarctocyon australis – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• 

  Modern fruit, whole and in cross-section of an Annona tree
  †Annona
  • †
• Anodontia
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• Anomia
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Antalis
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Anthonomus – tentative report
• †
  • †
• Antillophos
  • † – type locality for species
• Antrozous
  • †Antrozous pallidus
• †Aphelops
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Aplexia
  • †
• Aplodinotus
  • †Aplodinotus grunniens
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Aquila
  • †Aquila chrysaetos
• Arca
  • †
• †Archaeohippus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene entelodont mammal Archaeotherium
  †Archaeotherium
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Architectonica
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †Arctocyon
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
  †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus
• †Arctonasua
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• Argobuccinum
• Argyrotheca
  • †
• Arius – or unidentified comparable form
• Arizona
  • †Arizona elegans
• †
  • †
• †Artocarpus
  • †
• Astarte
• Asthenotoma
  • †
• †Astrohippus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the volute sea snail Athleta
  Athleta
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Atlanta
  • †
• †
  • †
• Atractosteus
  • †Atractosteus spatula
  • †Atractosteus tristoechus – tentative report
• Atrina
  • †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia
  †Aturia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Atys
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Australocamelus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †Awateria
  • †

B[]

• †
• Baiomys
  • †
• †Baiotomeus
  • †Baiotomeus douglassi
• • †
• 

  A living Balanophyllia stony coral
  Balanophyllia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Balanus
• • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Three fossilized shells of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene marine bivalve Baluchicardia
  †Baluchicardia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Bankia
  • † – type locality for species
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• Barbatia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene-Pliocene false saber-toothed cat Barbourofelis
  †Barbourofelis
  • †Barbourofelis whitfordi
• Bassariscus
  • †
• Bathyarca
  • † – type locality for species
• †Bathygenys
  • † – type locality for species
• Bathytoma
  • †Bathytoma nonplicata – or unidentified comparable form
• • †
• †Batrachosauroides
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Bela – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• †Belosaepia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †Belosepia
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified related form
• Bison
  • †
  • †Bison antiquus
  • 

    Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, or long-horned bison
    †Bison latifrons
• Bittiolum – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• Bittium
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Blancocamelus
  • †
• †Blancotherium – type locality for genus^[1]
  • † – type locality for species. Formerly known as Gnathabelodon buckneri.^[2]
• Blarina
  • †Blarina brevicauda – or unidentified comparable form
• †Blastomeryx
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the eocene-?Miocene boa snake Boavus
  †Boavus – tentative report
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Bonellitia
  • †
  • †
• †Borealosuchus
• • †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of two of the Miocene-Pliocene bone-crushing dog genus Borophagus preying on a camel. Jay Matternes (1964).
  †Borophagus
  • †Borophagus diversidens
  • †Borophagus hilli – type locality for species
  • †Borophagus pugnator – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Borophagus secundus
• †
  • †
• †Boverisuchus
  • †Boverisuchus vorax – or unidentified comparable form
• Brachidontes
  • †
  • †
  • †
• † – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
• †Brachyhyops
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Skeletal reconstruction of the Eocene-Oligocene bear-dog Brachyrhynchocyon
  †Brachyrhynchocyon
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Bregmaceros
  • † – type locality for species
• Brissus
  • †
• †Bryozoan
• Bufo
  • 

    A living Anaxyrus cognatus (formerly Bufo cognatus), or Great Plains toad
    †Bufo cognatus
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• †
  • †
• Bulimulus
  • †Bulimulus dealbatus
• Bullia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †

C[]

• Cadulus
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Caecum – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• Caestocorbula
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized carapace of the Paleocene-Miocene crab Calappilia
  †Calappilia
  • †
• †Calippus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
  • † informal
  • †Calippus martini
  • †Calippus placidus
  • †
  • †Calippus regulus – type locality for species
• Callianassa
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Calyptraea
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops
  †Camelops
  • †Camelops hesternus – type locality for species
  • †Camelops minidokae
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Cancellaria
• †
  • †
• Candona
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Canis
  • †Canis armbrusteri
  • †Canis dirus
  • †Canis edwardii
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lepophagus – type locality for species
• Cantharus
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene dwarf pronghorn Capromeryx
  †Capromeryx
  • †
• Capulus
  • †
• Carapus
  • † – type locality for species
• Carcharhinus
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
•  [fr; nl; sv]
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Carpocyon
  • †
• †
• Carychium
  • †Carychium exiguum
• Caryocorbula
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  A living Caryophyllia solitary coral
  Caryophyllia
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis
• Catagonus
• †Caveola
  • † – type locality for species
• Celleporaria
  • †
• Celtis
• †
  • †
  • †
• Centropomus – tentative report
• • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pleistocene horned gopher Ceratogaulus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Ceratogaulus
  • †Ceratogaulus anecdotus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Cerdocyon
  • † – type locality for species
• Cerithiella
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cerithiopsis
• Cerithium – tentative report
• Chaetodipus
  • †Chaetodipus hispidus
• Chama
  • † – type locality for species
• Charina
  • †
• †Charophyte
  • †
• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Pliocene-Pleistocene hyena Chasmaporthetes
  †Chasmaporthetes
  • †
• †Chiromyoides
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Chironomus
  • † – type locality for species
• Chlamys
  • †
  • †
• †Chriacus
  • †
• †Cimolodon
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Cirsotrema
  • †
• Cissus
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Paleocene-Pliocene spindle sea snail Clavilithes
  Clavilithes
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Clavus – tentative report
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• • †
• Closia
  • †
  • †
• Clypeaster
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Shell of a Cochlespira sea snail
  Cochlespira
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – tentative report
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cochliolepis
  • † – type locality for species
• • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
• †Colodon
  • †
• Coluber
  • 

    A living Coluber constrictor, or eastern racer
    †Coluber constrictor
• Colubraria
  • †
• Columbella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• †Colwellia
  • † – type locality for species
• †Combretum
  • †
• Cominella – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Conomitra
  • †
• Conopeum
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized shell of a Conus cone snail
  Conus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Corbicula
  • †
• Corbula
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skeleton preserved in situ (upper left, 2) of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Cormohipparion
  †Cormohipparion
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †Cormohipparion ingenuum – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Corvina
  • †
• Corvus
  • †Corvus brachyrhynchos
• †Coryphodon
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene palaeomerycid Cranioceras, a relative of modern deer, with anachronistic human to scale
  †Cranioceras
  • †Cranioceras teres – type locality for species
• Crassatella
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Crassinella
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Cretaceous-modern oyster Crassostrea
  Crassostrea
  • †
  • †Crassostrea contracta
  • †
• Cratogeomys
  • †Cratogeomys castanops
• Crenella
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
• Creseis
• †Cristellaria
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Crotalus
  • †Crotalus atrox
  • 

    A living Crotalus horridus, or timber rattlesnake
    †Crotalus horridus
• Crotaphytus
  • †Crotaphytus collaris
  • †Crotaphytus reticulatus
• †
  • †
  • †
• Cryptotis
  • †Cryptotis parva
• Ctenoides
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Cucullaea, or false ark shell
  Cucullaea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Culex
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
• Cuspidaria
  • †Cuspidaria grandis
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius
  †Cuvieronius
• Cyclammina
• Cyclostremiscus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Cylichna
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cylindracanthus
• †
• Cyllene – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• 

  Underside of a fossilized cranium of the Oligocene-Miocene bone-crushing dog Cynarctoides
  †Cynarctoides
  • †
• †Cynarctus
  • †
• Cynomys
  • †Cynomys ludovicianus
  • †
• Cypraea
• Cypraedia
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cypraeorbis
  • † – type locality for species
• Cypridopsis
  • †
• Cythara
  • †
• • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Cytherella
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• • † – type locality for species
  • †

D[]

• †
  • †
• †Daphoenictis
• †Daphoenodon
  • †
• †Daphoenus
  • †Daphoenus lambei – or unidentified comparable form
• Dasyatis
• Dasypus
  • 

    Fossilized mandible in multiple views of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
    †Dasypus bellus
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Dentalium
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified related form
• Dermatemys
• †Desmatippus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Diaphyodus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Dibelodon
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene hornless rhinoceros Diceratherium. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Diceratherium
  • †
  • †
• Didelphis
  • †Didelphis marsupialis
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Dinofelis
  • †
• †Dinohippus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Dinohippus mexicanus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Dinohyus
  • †Dinohyus hollandi
• Diplodonta
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Diplotaxis – or unidentified comparable form
• Dipodomys
  • †Dipodomys merriami
  • †Dipodomys ordii
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Dipodomys spectabilis
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Discradisca
  • †
• Disonycha
• †Dolicholatirus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Dorsanum
  • † informal
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Illustration of the fossilized jaws and teeth of the Eocene brontothere mammal Duchesneodus
  †Duchesneodus
  • †

E[]

• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Eocene turtle Echmatemys
  †Echmatemys
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Elaphe
  • †Elaphe guttata
  • †
  • †Elaphe obsoleta
• Eleutherodactylus
  • †Eleutherodactylus augusti
• †
  • †
• †Ellisella
• 

  Shell of an Emarginula keyhole limpet
  Emarginula – or unidentified comparable form
• Endochironomus
• Endopachys
  • †
• Engelhardia^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Eomellivora
• †Eopleurotoma
  • †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Eosurcula
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Epicauta
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene bone-crushing dog Epicyon
  †Epicyon
  • †Epicyon haydeni
  • †
• †Epihippus
  • †
• Epilucina
• • †
• • † – type locality for species
• Epitonium
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• • †
  • †
• Eptesicus
  • †Eptesicus fuscus
  • † – type locality for species
• Equus
  • †Equus alaskae – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †Equus conversidens
  • †Equus francisci – type locality for species
  • †Equus giganteus
  • †Equus idahoensis
  • †
  • †Equus scotti – type locality for species
  • †Equus semiplicatus
  • 

    Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene horse Equus simplicidens, also known as the Hagerman horse or American zebra
    †Equus simplicidens
• Erethizon
  • †Erethizon dorsatum
• †
  • †
• †Eucyon
  • †Eucyon davisi
• • † – type locality for species
• Eulima
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Plestiodon obsoletus (formerly Eumeces obsoletus), or Great Plains skink
  Eumeces
  • †Eumeces fasciatus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Eumeces obsoletus
• †Euonymus
  • †
• Eupleura
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Eurytellina
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail
  Euspira
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Eutrephoceras
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Exilia
  • †

F[]

• • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Fasciolaria, or tulip sea snail
  Fasciolaria – tentative report
  • †
• Felis
  • †
  • †
• Fibularia
  • †
• †Ficopsis
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Ficus
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Flabellum
  • †
  • † – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †Floridachoerus – tentative report
  • †
• †Floridatragulus
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Formica, or wood ant
  Formica
  • † – type locality for species
• Fossaria
  • †
  • †
• Fulgurofusus
  • †
• †Fusconaia
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Fusinus sea snail
  Fusinus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Fustiaria
  • † – type locality for species

G[]

• Gadila
  • †
• Galeocerdo
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Galeodea helmet snail
  Galeodea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Gastrocopta
  • †Gastrocopta armifera
  • †Gastrocopta contracta
  • †
  • †
  • †Gastrocopta pellucida
  • †Gastrocopta pentodon
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
  †Gavialosuchus
• Gegania
  • †
• †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Geochelone
• Geomys
  • †Geomys bursarius
  • †
  • †
• †Gigantocamelus
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of a herd of the Pliocene-Holocene ground sloth Glossotherium
  †Glossotherium
  • †
• †Glottidia
  • † – type locality for species
• Glycymeris
  • †
• †
  • †
• Glyptoactis
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene armadillo relative Glyptodon
  †Glyptodon
  • †
• †Glyptotherium
  • †
  • †Glyptotherium texanum
• †
  • †
  • †
• Glyptozaria
  • † – type locality for species
• †Gnathabelodon – only reported species reclassified new genus Blancotherium.^[4]
  • † – type locality for species. Later reclassified as Blancotherium buckneri^[5]
• †
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium
  †Gomphotherium
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Goniobasis
  • †
• Gopherus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †Gopherus polyphemus – type locality for species
• †
• Graptemys
  • †Graptemys geographica
• Gregariella
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Gulfoceras
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Restorative portrait of the Eocene-Oligocene bear dog Gustafsonia
  †Gustafsonia
  • †
• Guttulina
  • †
• Gyraulus
  • †Gyraulus circumstriatus
  • †Gyraulus parvus

H[]

• †Hadrianus
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized mandible of the Eocene horse Haplohippus
  †Haplohippus
  • †
• Harpa
• †Harpactocarcinus
  • †
  • †
• †Harpagolestes
  • †Harpagolestes uintensis
• †
  • †
• 

  Shells in differing orientations of Hastula augur sea snails
  Hastula
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Haustator
  • †
  • †
• Hawaiia
  • †Hawaiia minuscula
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene pronghorn Hayoceros
  †Hayoceros
  • †
• Helicina
  • †Helicina orbiculata
• Helicodiscus
  • †
  • †Helicodiscus parallelus
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Helisoma
  • †Helisoma anceps
  • †Helisoma trivolvis
• Heloderma
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia
  †Hemiauchenia
  • †Hemiauchenia macrocephala
• †Hemipsalodon
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † informal
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene mammal Herpetotherium
  †Herpetotherium
• † – tentative report
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Hesperotestudo
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
• †Heteraletes
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Heterodon
  • †Heterodon nasicus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
• †Heteromeryx
  • †
• Hexaplex
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• † – tentative report
• 

  Life restoration of a herd of the Miocene-Pleistocene horse Hipparion. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hipparion
  • †
  • †
  • †Hipparion tehonense
• †Hippidion
• Hippodamia
  • †Hippodamia convergens – tentative report
• Hipponix
  • †
• †Hippotherium
• Holbrookia
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene armadillo relative Holmesina with a human to scale
  †Holmesina
  • †
• †Homotherium
  • †
  • †Homotherium serum
• †Hyaenodon
  • †Hyaenodon crucians
  • †Hyaenodon horridus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Hyaenodon montanus
  • †Hyaenodon raineyi
  • †Hyaenodon vetus – or unidentified comparable form
• Hyla
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †Hyopsodus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Hyotissa
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Hypertragulus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene horse Hypohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hypohippus
  • †Hypohippus affinis – type locality for species
• †Hypolagus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Hyrachyus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hyracodon
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene horse Eohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hyracotherium
  • †Hyracotherium vasacciense

I[]

• †
  • †
• Ictalurus
  • †Ictalurus punctatus
• †Ictiobus
• †Ignacius
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene bear Indarctos
  †Indarctos
• †
  • †
• †Inga
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Ischyrocyon
  • †Ischyrocyon gidleyi – type locality for species
• †Ischyromys
  • † – type locality for species
• Isognomon

J[]

• †Jefitchia – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †
  • †
• Juglans
  • †
• • †

K[]

• 

  Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene horse Kalobatippus
  †Kalobatippus
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
• Kinosternon
  • †Kinosternon flavescens
• 

  Fossilized "worm" tube, possibly of the Oligocene-modern shipworm marine bivalve genus Kuphus
  Kuphus

L[]

• †
  • †
• †Lacunaria
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Lambdoceras
  • †
• †Lambertocyon
  • †Lambertocyon eximius
• 

  A living Lampropeltis getula, or eastern kingsnake
  Lampropeltis
  • †Lampropeltis getulus
  • †Lampropeltis triangulum
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Lasionycteris
  • †Lasionycteris noctivagans
• Lasiurus
  • †Lasiurus borealis
• 

  Two views of a shell of a Latirus sea snail
  Latirus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Ledina
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Leea
• Lepisosteus
  • †Lepisosteus spatula – or unidentified comparable form
• Lepomis
  • †Lepomis cyanellus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Leptictis
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon
  †Leptocyon
  • †Leptocyon vafer
• †Leptoreodon
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• Lepus
  • 

    Lepus californicus, or black-tailed jackrabbit
    †Lepus californicus
• †
  • † – tentative report
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Limacina
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Living Limaria, or file shells
  Limaria
  • †
  • †
• †Limnenetes
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Limopsis
  • †
  • †
• †Linthia
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Lithophaga, or date mussel
  Lithophaga
• †
  • †
• Litiopa
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Littorina
  • † – type locality for species
• †Longirostromeryx
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Lovenia sea urchin
  Lovenia
  • †
• • †
• Lucina
  • †
• Lucinisca
• Lunatia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• Lunularia – tentative report
• • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Lymnaea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Lynx
  • †
  • 

    A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
    †Lynx rufus
• Lyria
• †
  • †
  • †
• Lytta

M[]

• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Miocene-Pleistocene saber-toothed cat Machairodus
  †Machairodus
  • †
• Macrocallista
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Mactra
• Madracis
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Madrepora
  • †
• Magnolia
  • †
• †Mahgarita
  • † – type locality for species
• † – tentative report
• †Mammut
  • †Mammut americanum
• †Mammuthus
  • 

    Life restoration of a herd of Mammuthus columbi, or Columbian mammoths. The extent of the fur depicted is hypothetical. Charles R. Knight (1909).
    †Mammuthus columbi
  • †
• Marginella
  • †
  • †
• Marmota
  • †Marmota flaviventris
• †
  • †
• Martes
• Martesia
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Mathilda
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Mauricia
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Megalictis – tentative report
• †Megalonyx
  • †Megalonyx jeffersonii – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Megalonyx leptostomus
• 

  Restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene ground sloth Megatherium. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Megatherium
  • †
• †Megatylopus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Megatylopus primaevus
• Melanella
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Meliosma^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
• †Menetus
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene rhinoceros Menoceras
  †Menoceras
  • †Menoceras barbouri
• †Menops
  • †
• Mephitis
  • †Mephitis mephitis
• Meretrix
  • †
• †Merychippus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Merychippus sejunctus
  • †
• †Merychyus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene oreodont mammal Merycoidodon. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Merycoidodon
  • †
  • †
• Mesalia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Mescalerolemur – type locality for genus
  • †Mescalerolemur horneri – type locality for species
• Mesodesma
  • †
• †Mesodma
  • †Mesodma pygmaea – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mesodma thompsoni
• †Mesohippus
  • †
• †Mesomphix
• †Metalopex
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Restoration of the Eocene-Miocene swamp rhinoceros Metamynodon. Charles R. Knight (1896).
  †Metamynodon
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Metula
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Michela
  • † – type locality for species
• †Michenia
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Shell in multiple views of a Microdrillia sea snail
  Microdrillia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Illustration of a living Micropterus, or black bass
  Micropterus
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Microsyops
  • †
• †Microtomarctus
  • †
• Microtus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Microtus mexicanus
  • †
  • †Microtus pennsylvanicus
  • †Microtus pinetorum
• Micrurus
  • 

    A living Micrurus fulvius, or eastern coral snake
    †Micrurus fulvius
• • †
• • †
• †Mimetodon
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Miocyon
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Miohippus
• †
• †
• 

  Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah
  †Miracinonyx
  • †Miracinonyx inexpectatus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Miracinonyx studeri
• Mitrella
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Mnestia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Modiolus – tentative report
• †
  • †
• Montastraea
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene chalicothere mammal Moropus threatening a pair of the bear-dog Daphoenodon. Jay Matternes (1964).
  †Moropus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Morrillia
  • †
• Murex
  • †
  • †
• Mustela
  • †
• Myctophum
  • † – type locality for species
• Myliobatis
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
  †Mylohyus
  • †Mylohyus fossilis
• Myotis
  • †Myotis lucifugus
  • †Myotis velifer
• • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Mytilus
• †
  • †
  • †
• Myzinum – or unidentified comparable form

N[]

• 

  Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus
  †Nannippus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified related form
• †Nanotragulus
  • †
• Narona
  • †
• Nassarius
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  A living Nasua, or coati
  Nasua
  • † – type locality for species
• Natica
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Naticarius moon sea snail
  Naticarius
  • †
  • †
• Natrix
  • †Natrix erythrogaster
• †Navajovius
  • †
• Nectandra
  • †
• †
  • †
• Nemocardium
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Neochoerus – type locality for genus
  • †Neochoerus pinckneyi
• Neofiber
  • †
• Neogale
  • †Neogale vison
• 

  Life restoration of a herd of Neohipparion. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Neohipparion
  • †Neohipparion affine
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Neotamias
  • †Neotamias cinereicollis
• Neotoma
  • †Neotoma albigula
  • †Neotoma floridana
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Neotoma mexicana
  • 

    A living Neotoma micropus, or southern Plains woodrat
    †Neotoma micropus
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Neptunea – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Nerodia
  • †Nerodia fasciata
• †
  • †
• Neverita
• †Nexuotapirus
  • †
• 

  Fossilized partial cranium of the Miocene saber-toothed cat Nimravides
  †Nimravides
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Niptus
  • †
• †
  • †
• Norrisia
  • †
• †Notharctus
  • †Notharctus tenebrosus
• †Nothokemas
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene ground sloth Nothrotheriops
  †Nothrotheriops
  • †Nothrotheriops texanus
• †Nothrotherium
  • †
• Notiosorex
  • †Notiosorex crawfordi
  • †
• †Notiotitanops
  • †
• †
  • †
• Notophthalmus
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula
  Nucula
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Nuculana
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Nysius – tentative report

O[]

• Oculina
  • † – type locality for species
• Odocoileus
  • 

    A living Odocoileus virginianus, or white-tailed deer
    †Odocoileus virginianus
• Odontaspis
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Odostomia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
• Olivella
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Ondatra, or muskrat
  Ondatra
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Ondatra zibethicus
• Onychomys
  • †
  • †
  • †Onychomys leucogaster
  • †
  • †Onychomys torridus
• Opalia
  • † – type locality for species
• Opheodrys
  • 

    A living Opheodrys aestivus, or rough green snake
    †Opheodrys aestivus
• Ophisaurus
• †Oreodaphne
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
  • †
• Oryzomys
  • †Oryzomys palustris
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene pronghorn Osbornoceros
  †Osbornoceros – tentative report
• Ostrea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Ovis
  • †Ovis canadensis
• 

  Life restoration of a pair of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Oxydactylus
  • † – type locality for species

P[]

• †Pachecoa
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Paenemarmota
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• † – tentative report
• †Palaeolama
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis
  †Palaeophis
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Panopea
• Panthera
  • †Panthera leo
  • †Panthera onca
• †Papillina
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Paraenhydrocyon
  • †
• †Parahippus
  • †Parahippus leonensis – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Paralbula
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon
  †Paramylodon
  • †Paramylodon harlani
• †Paramys
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• †
• †Parapavo
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Paratoceras
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Paratomarctus
  • †
  • †
• – type locality for genus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Parectypodus
  • †Parectypodus sloani
• †
  • †
• †Paronychomys – tentative report
• †Parvitragulus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Pediomeryx
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus
  †Peltosaurus – tentative report
• †
  • †
• †Peraceras
  • †
  • †
• †Peradectes – tentative report
• †Peratherium
  • †
  • †
• Periploma
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Perognathus
  • † – type locality for species
  • 

    A living Perognathus flavus, or silky pocket mouse
    †Perognathus flavus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Peromyscus
  • †Peromyscus boylii
  • †
  • †Peromyscus difficilis
  • †Peromyscus eremicus
  • †Peromyscus gossypinus
  • †
  • †Peromyscus leucopus
  • †Peromyscus maniculatus
  • †Peromyscus pectoralis
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Petrophyllia
  • †
• †
  • †
• Phacoides
• Phaedon – or unidentified comparable form
• Phalium
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898).
  †Phenacodus
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Philine
• †Phlaocyon
  • †Phlaocyon annectens
  • †Phlaocyon minor
• Pholadomya
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Pholas
• Phos
  • †
  • †
• Phrynosoma
  • †Phrynosoma cornutum
• Phyllodus
• Physa
  • †
  • †
• †Physocypria
  • †
• Pinna – tentative report
• Pisidium
  • †Pisidium nitidum
• 

  Shell of a Pitar venus clam
  Pitar
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Pituophis
  • †Pituophis melanoleucus
• †
  • †
  • †
• – or unidentified comparable form
• Planorbis
  • †
• †Planorbula
  • †Planorbula armigera
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
  • †
  • †Platygonus compressus
  • †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Pleiolama
  • †
• †Plesiocolopirus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Plesiogulo
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
• † – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
• Pleurocera
  • †
• Pleurofusia
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
• Pleuromeris
  • †
• 

  Shell in multiple views of a Pleuroploca sea snail
  Pleuroploca
  • † – or unidentified related form
• †Pleurostoma
  • †
• Pleurotomella
  • †
  • †
• Plicatula
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• • †
• †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene horse Pliohippus
  †Pliohippus
  • †
  • †
  • †Pliohippus pernix
  • † – tentative report
• †Pliometanastes
  • †Pliometanastes protistus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• † – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
• †Poabromylus
  • †
• Podomys
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene camel Poebrotherium
  †Poebrotherium
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Polinices
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Polydora
• Polygyra
  • †
• • †
  • †
• Polyschides
  • †
• 

  Living Porites stony coral
  Porites
  • †
• – or unidentified related form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Potamides
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Prionocidaris
  • †
• †Priscocamelus
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Pristichampsus
• Pristis
• †
• †
  • †
• †Procamelus
  • †Procamelus grandis
  • †Procamelus leptognathus
  • †Procamelus occidentalis
• †Procastoroides
  • †
• †Procynodictis
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Procyon
  • †Procyon lotor
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Prohesperocyon
  • †Prohesperocyon wilsoni
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Promenetus
  • †Promenetus exacuous
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Triassic-modern marine bivalve Propeamussium
  Propeamussium
  • †
• †
• †Prosimnia
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Prosynthetoceras
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• †
• †Protictis
• 

  Restorative models in multiple views of the Eocene brontothere Protitanotherium (figure 3)
  †Protitanotherium
  • †
• †Protoceras – tentative report
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Protohippus
  • †
  • †
  • †Protohippus supremus – type locality for species
  • †
• †Protolabis
  • †Protolabis coartatus
• †Protoreodon
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †Protylopus – tentative report
• Pseudacris
  • †
  • †Pseudacris ocularis
  • †Pseudacris streckeri
• †Pseudaelurus – tentative report
• 

  Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion
  †Pseudhipparion
  • †Pseudhipparion curtivallum
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• Pseudochama
• †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • † – type locality for species
• Pseudoliva
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene protoceratid mammal Pseudoprotoceras
  †Pseudoprotoceras
  • †
• †
• †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Psittacotherium
  • †
• Pteria
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Pteris
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Pterosphenus
  • †
• Pterothrissus
  • †
• Pterynotus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Ptilodus
  †Ptilodus
  • †Ptilodus mediaevus
• Ptinus
• Puma
  • †Puma concolor
• Pupilla
  • †Pupilla blandi
• Pupoides
  • †Pupoides albilabris
• Pycnodonte
  • †
• †Pylodictis
  • 

    A living Pylodictis olivaris, or flathead catfish
    †Pylodictis olivaris
• Pyramidella
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species

Q[]

• †
  • †
• 

  A living Quadrula freshwater mussel
  †Quadrula
  • †
  • †
• Quinqueloculina
  • †
  • †
  • †

R[]

• Raja
  • 

    A living Raja texana also known as a roundel skate or Texas clearnose skate
    †Raja texana – type locality for species
• †Rana
  • †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
  • †Rana pipiens
• Ranularia
  • †
• Raphitoma
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Reithrodontomys
  • †Reithrodontomys fulvescens
  • †Reithrodontomys megalotis
  • †Reithrodontomys montanus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Retinella
  • †
• 

  A living Retusa barrel bubble sea snail
  Retusa
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Rhinobatos
• Rhinocheilus
  • †Rhinocheilus lecontei
• Rhinoptera
• • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium
  †Rhynchotherium – tentative report
• Rimella
  • †
  • †
• Ringicula
  • †
  • † – tentative report
  • †
  • †
• †Rooneyia – type locality for genus
  • †Rooneyia viejaensis – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †Rotularia
• †

S[]

• • †
• Salvadora
  • †
• †Sapindus
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Sassia triton sea snail
  Sassia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
  • †
• Scalopus
  • †Scalopus aquaticus
• Scaphander
• Scaphella
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Scaphiopus, or North American spadefoot toad
  Scaphiopus
• †Scaphites
• Sceloporus
  • †Sceloporus olivaceus
  • †Sceloporus undulatus
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Sciurus
  • 

    A living Sciurus carolinensis, or eastern gray squirrel
    †Sciurus carolinensis
  • †Sciurus niger
• • †
• †Selaginella
• Selenophorus – or unidentified comparable form
• Semele
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Serpulorbis
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Sigatica
  • †
• Sigmodon
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Sigmodon hispidus, or hispid cotton rat
    †Sigmodon hispidus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Siliqua
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• Simnia
  • †
• • †
• • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene creodont mammal Sinopa
  †Sinopa
  • †
• Sinum
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Siphonalia
  • †
  • †
• Siren
  • †Siren miotexana – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Skena
  • †
• Skenea
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon
  †Smilodon
  • †Smilodon fatalis
• †Soergelia
  • †Soergelia mayfieldi
• Solariella
  • †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Solemya
  • †
• Solen
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
• †Sophora
  • †
• Sorex
  • †Sorex cinereus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • 

    A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew
    †Sorex palustris
  • †
  • †
  • †Sorex vagrans
• Spermophilus
  • †Spermophilus elegans – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †Spermophilus spilosoma
  • 

    A living Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (formerly Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), or thirteen-lined ground squirrel
    †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
  • †Spermophilus variegatus
• Sphaerium
  • †
• †
• Spilogale
  • †
  • †Spilogale putorius
  • †
• †
  • †
• Spirorbis
  • †
• Spirotropis
  • † – type locality for species
• Spisula
  • †
• – tentative report
  • †
• Stagnicola
  • †
  • †
  • †Stagnicola reflexa
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon
  †Stegomastodon
  • †Stegomastodon mirificus
• †Steneofiber
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• †Stenomylus
• †Stenotrema
  • †
  • †
• Sternotherus
• Sthenictis
• †
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the fossil pronghorn Stockoceros
  †Stockoceros – or unidentified comparable form
• Storeria
  • †Storeria dekayi
• †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Striarca
  • †
  • †
• †Striatolamia
  • †
• Strobilops
  • †
• †Stygimys
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene taeniodont mammal Stylinodon
  †Stylinodon
• Succinea
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Sylvilagus
  • †Sylvilagus audubonii
  • †Sylvilagus floridanus
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Symplocos^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
  • † – type locality for species^[3]
• Synaptomys
  • †Synaptomys australis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Synaptomys cooperi
• †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene even-toed ungulate Synthetoceras
  †Synthetoceras
  • †Synthetoceras tricornatus – type locality for species
• Syrphus – or unidentified comparable form
• • †