List of vice presidents of the Philippines

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Official seal of the vice president of the Philippines, made of blue, white, yellow and red colors. "Sagisag Ng Pangalawang Pangulo Ng Pilipinas" (in all caps) is written along the circumference.
The official seal of the Vice-President of the Philippines

The vice president of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official in the government of the Philippines. The vice president can be a cabinet member without confirmation from the commission on appointments and is first in the presidential line of succession.[1] There have been 14 vice presidents.[2]

The office of vice president was initially created following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which states that the vice-president shall be elected by direct vote of the people.[3] Vice presidents during the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under American sovereignty,[4] and there was no office of vice president during the Second Republic,[5] which was considered to be a puppet state of Imperial Japan during World War II.[6] During the martial law declared by President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1986, the office of the vice-president was abolished and the sitting vice-president, Fernando Lopez, was removed from the office.[5] Though the 1973 Constitution initially did not provide for a vice president, subsequent amendments restored the office.[5] A vice president was appointed after the 1986 election when Marcos and Arturo Tolentino were proclaimed as winners by the Batasang Pambansa. However, in 1986, the People Power Revolution overthrew Macros' dictatorship and repealed the 1973 Constitution.[5][7] The subsequently formed 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was established, which states that: "There shall be a vice-president who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the president."[8]

Before the ratification of the 1987 constitution, in case of an intra-term vacancy, there was no process to appoint a new vice president until after the next election.[5] However, after the ratification of the 1987 constitution, the president could nominate a vice president in case of an intra-term vacancy from a member of the congress, whom both houses vote separately for confirmation by a majority vote.[8] In 2001, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that President Joseph Estrada resigned.[9] A few days later, she appointed Teofisto Guingona as the vice president.[10]

Three vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency due to the death of presidents: Sergio Osmeña in 1944,[11] Elpidio Quirino in 1948,[12] and Carlos P. Garcia in 1957.[13] Fernando Lopez was the longest-serving vice-president, who served for a combined total of almost 11 years. Elpidio Quirino served the shortest time as vice-president for approximately 1 year 11 months. Leni Robredo is the current vice president.[2]

Key for political parties[]

Key for parties
  Democratic Party
  Independent
  KALIBAPI
  Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL)
  Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP)
  Liberal Party
  Nacionalista Party
  Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)
  PDP–Laban
  United Nationalist Alliance (UNA)
  United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO)

Vice presidents[]

List of vice presidents of the Philippines
Vice Presidency Portrait Vice president Party Election President Era
1 November 15, 1935
–
August 1, 1944 		Black and white photographic portrait of Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña
(1878 – 1961)
[14] 		Nacionalista 1935 Manuel L. Quezon Commonwealth
1941
Office vacant (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946) Sergio Osmeña
2 May 28, 1946
–
April 15, 1948 		Black and white photographic portrait of Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Quirino
(1890 – 1956)
[15] 		Liberal 1946 Manuel Roxas Third Republic
Office vacant (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1949) Elpidio Quirino
3 December 30, 1949
–
December 30, 1953 		Black and white photographic portrait of Fernando Lopez Fernando Lopez
(1904 – 1993)
[16] 		Liberal 1949
Democratic
4 December 30, 1953
–
March 17, 1957 		Black and white photographic portrait of Carlos P. Garcia Carlos P. Garcia
(1896 – 1971)
[17] 		Nacionalista 1953 Ramon Magsaysay
Office vacant (March 17, 1957 – December 30, 1957) Carlos P. Garcia
5 December 30, 1957
–
December 30, 1961 		Black and white photographic portrait of Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Macapagal
(1910 – 1997)
[18] 		Liberal 1957
6 December 30, 1961
–
December 30, 1965 		Black and white photographic portrait of Emmanuel Pelaez Emmanuel Pelaez
(1915 – 2003)
[19] 		Liberal 1961 Diosdado Macapagal
Nacionalista
7 December 30, 1965
–
September 23, 1972 		Black and white photographic portrait of Fernando Lopez Fernando Lopez
(1904 – 1993)
[20] 		Nacionalista 1965 Ferdinand Marcos
1969
Position abolished (September 23, 1972 – January 23, 1984) Marcos dictatorship
New Society
Office vacant (January 23, 1984 – February 25, 1986) Fourth Republic
8 February 25, 1986
–
June 30, 1992 		Black and white photographic portrait of Salvador Laurel Salvador Laurel
(1928 – 2004)
[21] 		UNIDO 1986 Corazon Aquino Provisional Government
Nacionalista Fifth Republic
9 June 30, 1992
–
June 30, 1998 		Photographic portrait of Joseph Estrada Joseph Estrada
(b. 1937)
[22] 		NPC 1992 Fidel V. Ramos
LAMMP
10 June 30, 1998
–
January 20, 2001 		Photographic portrait of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(b. 1947)
[23] 		Lakas 1998 Joseph Estrada
Office vacant (January 20, 2001 – February 7, 2001) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
11 February 7, 2001
–
June 30, 2004 		Photographic portrait of Teofisto Guingona Jr. Teofisto Guingona Jr.
(b. 1928)
[24] 		Lakas
Independent
12 June 30, 2004
–
June 30, 2010 		Photographic portrait of Noli de Castro Noli de Castro
(b. 1949)
[25] 		Independent 2004
13 June 30, 2010
–
June 30, 2016 		Photographic portrait of Jejomar Binay Jejomar Binay
(b. 1942)
[26] 		PDP–Laban 2010 Benigno Aquino III
UNA
14 June 30, 2016
–
present 		Photographic portrait of Leni Robredo Leni Robredo
(b. 1965)
[27] 		Liberal 2016 Rodrigo Duterte

Timeline[]

Leni RobredoJejomar BinayNoli de CastroTeofisto Guingona Jr.Gloria Macapagal ArroyoJoseph EstradaSalvador LaurelFernando LopezEmmanuel PelaezDiosdado MacapagalCarlos P. GarciaElpidio QuirinoSergio Osmeña


Unofficial vice presidents[]

Historians and other figures have identified the following people as having held the vice-presidency of a government intended to represent the Philippines, but their terms of office are not counted by the Philippine government as part of the presidential succession.

The inclusion of Mariano Trías in the list is disputed, because Trias was chosen as vice-president at the Tejeros Convention, and again as vice-president for the short-lived Republic of Biak-na-Bato, which was dissolved after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and Aguinaldo's exile. Neither the reassumption of power by Emilio Aguinaldo when the revolution was resumed in May 1898 nor his formal proclamation and inauguration as President under the First Philippine Republic in 1899 were regimes that provided for a vice-presidency.[28]

Unofficial vice presidents of the Philippines
Vice Presidency Portrait Vice president Party President Era
March 22, 1897
–
December 14, 1897 		Black and white photographic portrait of Mariano Trías Mariano Trías
(1868 – 1914)
[29] 		None[a] Emilio Aguinaldo Tejeros Convention
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
May 6, 1902
–
July 14, 1906[b] 		Black and white photographic portrait of Francisco Carreón Francisco Carreón
(1868 – 1939–1941)
[30] 		None[a] Macario Sakay Tagalog Republic
October 14, 1943
–
August 17, 1945 		Black and white photographic portrait of Benigno Aquino Sr. Benigno Aquino Sr.
(1894 – 1947)
[31] 		KALIBAPI José P. Laurel Second Republic
February 16, 1986
–
February 25, 1986[c] 		Black and white photographic portrait of Arturo Tolentino Arturo Tolentino
(1910 – 2004)
[32] 		KBL Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b Allied with the Magdalo faction of the revolutionary society Katipunan.
  2. ^ Term ended with his capture by the American Forces.
  3. ^ Term ended when Marcos was overthrown in the 1986 People Power Revolution

References[]

  1. ^ Rappler (b) (2021).
  2. ^ a b ABS-CBN news (2016).
  3. ^ Constitution of the Philippines (1935) § Article VII: Executive Department
  4. ^ Ooi (2004), p. 387.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vice president of the Philippines.
  6. ^ Vellut (1964), p. 128.
  7. ^ BBC News (2016).
  8. ^ a b Constitution of the Philippines (1987) § Article VII: Executive Department
  9. ^ The Wall Street Journal (2001).
  10. ^ Tehran Times (2001).
  11. ^ Zaide (1999), pp. 348–349.
  12. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 357.
  13. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  14. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 42, 118; St. Louis Star-Times (1935); The Caledonian-Record (1935); Zaide (1999), p. 319.
  15. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 119–120; Spokane Chronicle (1946); The Courier-Journal (1948); Zaide (1999), p. 353.
  16. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; The Californian (1949); Senate of the Philippines (a).
  17. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 120; The Spokesman-Review (1953); Fort Worth Star-Telegram (1957); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  18. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), pp. 121–122; The Honolulu Advertiser (1957); Calgary Herald (1961); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  19. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Guam Daily News (1961); Senate of the Philippines (b); Zaide (1999), p. 362.
  20. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Chicago Tribune (1965); Senate of the Philippines (a); Zaide (1999), p. 363.
  21. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Hartford Courant (1986); The Windsor Star (1992); Zaide (1999), p. 400.
  22. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(a); Senate of the Philippines (c); Economic and Political Weekly; Zaide (1999), p. 407.
  23. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(b); Senate of the Philippines (d); Rodell (2002), p. 219; Zaide (1999), p. 411.
  24. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Senate of the Philippines (e); Gulf News (2001).
  25. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2021); The New York Times (2004).
  26. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); The New York Times (2013).
  27. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); Reuters (2021).
  28. ^ "Office of the Vice President". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  29. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 247.
  30. ^ National Historical Institute of the Philippines.
  31. ^ Los Angeles Times (1943); The Decatur Daily (1945).
  32. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 398.

Works cited[]

Books and journals

Articles

Online sources

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