Machaeroidinae

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This article is about the extinct subfamily of carnivorous mammals Machaeroidinae. For the similarly named subfamily of extinct cats, see Machairodontinae.

Machaeroidinae
Temporal range: 55.8–39.7 Ma early to late Eocene
Machaeroides eothen.JPG
skull of Machaeroides eothen
Apataelurus kayi holotype dentary - Scott 1938.png
lower jaw of
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Order: †Oxyaenodonta
Family: †Oxyaenidae
Subfamily: †Machaeroidinae
Matthew, 1909[1]
Type genus
†Machaeroides
Matthew, 1909
Genera
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Machaeroididae
  • Machaeroidini (Van Valen, 1966)[2]
  • Machairoidinae (Matthew, 1909)

Machaeroidinae ("dagger-like") is a subfamily of extinct carnivorous sabre-toothed eutherian mammals from Asia and North America.[3] Traditionally classified as hyaenodonts, this group is now classified as a member of the family Oxyaenidae.[4][5][6]

Classification and phylogeny[]

Taxonomy[]

  • Subfamily: †Machaeroidinae (Matthew, 1909)
    • Genus: † (Scott, 1937)
      • †Apataelurus kayi (Scott, 1937)
      • †Apataelurus pishigouensis (Tong & Lei, 1986)
    • Genus: † (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998)
      • Isphanatherium ferganensis (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998)
    • Genus: †Machaeroides (Matthew, 1909)
      • †Machaeroides eothen (Matthew, 1909)
      • †Machaeroides simpsoni (Dawson, 1986)

Phylogeny[]

The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Machaeroidinae are shown in the following cladogram:[7][8][9][5]

  
 
 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto) Hyaenodon horridus by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).jpg

 
 
 

†Altacreodus

 
 

†

 
†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon clade
 
 sensu lato 
 

Carnivoramorpha Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg

 
 
 †Oxyaenodonta 
 †Oxyaenidae 
 

†Tytthaeninae 

 
 
 

†Oxyaeninae Patriofelis ferox by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).png

 
 
 

†

 
 †Machaeroidinae 
 † 
 

†Apataelurus kayi

 
 

†Apataelurus pishigouensis

 
 
 

†Machaeroidinae sp. (CM 2386)

 
 

†Machaeroidinae sp. (FMNH PM 1506)

 
 † 

†Isphanatherium ferganensis

 ? 
 †Machaeroides 
 

†Machaeroides eothen Machaeroides-eothen.jpg

 
 

†Machaeroides simpsoni

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References[]

  1. ^ W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  2. ^ L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
  3. ^ Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Machaeroidinae
  4. ^ Zack, S. (2014). "Saber-tooth origins: a new skeletal association and the affinities of Machaeroidinae (Mammalia, Creodonta)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts: 259–260.
  5. ^ a b Shawn P. Zack (2019). "A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374. S2CID 89934728.
  6. ^ Shawn P. Zack (2019). "The first North American Propterodon (Hyaenodonta: Hyaenodontidae), a new species from the late Uintan of Utah". PeerJ. 7: e8136. doi:10.7717/peerj.8136. PMC 6876642. PMID 31772846.
  7. ^ Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141–180.
  8. ^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
  9. ^ Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
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