Malay Indonesians

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Malay Indonesians
Melayu Indonesia

ملايو ايندونيسيا
About indonesian culture.jpg
A Riau Malay couple enjoying the traditional Gambus. The background panel incorporated the palettes of Malay tricolour.
Total population
8,753,791 (2010)[1][a]
Regions with significant populations
 Indonesia:
South Sumatra2,139,000
Riau1,880,240
West Kalimantan1,259,890[3]
Bangka-Belitung936,000
Jambi914,660
Riau Islands600,108
North Sumatra582,100
Lampung269,240
Jakarta165,039
Bengkulu125,120
Central Kalimantan87,222
Languages
Predominantly
Local Malay • Indonesian
Also
Religion
Predominantly
Sunni Islam (98.77%)
Minorities

 • Christians (Protestant and Roman Catholic) (0.98%)

 • Vajrayana Buddhist • Confucianism • Hindu • Other (0.25%)[4]
Related ethnic groups

Malay Indonesians (Malay: orang Melayu Indonesia; Jawi: اورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا) are ethnic Malays living throughout Indonesia. They are one of the indigenous peoples of the country.[5] Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia, is a standardized form of Riau Malay.[6][7] There were numerous Malay kingdoms in what is now Indonesia, mainly on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. These included Srivijaya, the Melayu Kingdom, Dharmasraya, the Sultanate of Deli, the Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, the Sultanate of Bulungan, Pontianak Sultanate, and the Sultanate of Sambas. The 2010 census states that there are 8 million Malays in Indonesia, this number comes from the classification of Malays in East Sumatra and the coast of Kalimantan which is recognized by the Indonesian government. This classification is different from the Malaysia and Singapore census which includes all ethnic Muslims in the Indonesian/Malay Archipelago (inc. Acehnese, Banjarese, Bugis, Mandailing, Minangkabau and Javanese) as Malays.

History[]

Sumatra[]

There have been various Malay kingdoms and sultanates based on the island of Sumatra, such as Melayu Kingdom, Srivijaya, Dharmasraya, Sultanate of Deli, Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, Asahan Sultanate, Riau-Lingga Sultanate, Riau Sultanate, Palembang Sultanate and the Lingga Sultanate, etc.

Kalimantan[]

There have been various Malay kingdoms and sultanates based on the island of Kalimantan (a.k.a Borneo), such as , Pontianak Sultanate, Bulungan Sultanate, , , , , , etc.

In the Pontianak incidents during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, the Japanese massacred most of the Malay elite and beheaded all of the Malay Sultans in Kalimantan.

During the Fall of Suharto, there was a resurgence in Malay nationalism and identity in Kalimantan and ethnic Malays and Dayaks in Sambas massacred Madurese during the Sambas riots.

Language[]

A Palembangese Malay girl clad in the Gending Sriwijaya costume

Sumatra is the homeland of the Malay languages, which today spans all corners of Southeast Asia. The Indonesian language, which is the country's official language and lingua franca, was based on Riau Malay. The Malay language has a long history, which has a literary record as far back as the 7th century AD. A famous early Malay inscription, the Kedukan Bukit Inscription, was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920, at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the Tatang river, a tributary of the Musi River. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 cm. It is written in Old Malay, a possible ancestor of today's Malay language and its variants. Most Malay languages and dialects spoken in Indonesia are mutually unintelligible with Standard Indonesian. The most widely spoken are Palembang Malay (3.2 million), Jambi Malay (1 million), Bengkulu Malay (1.6 million) and Banjarese (4 million) (although not considered to be a dialect of Malay by its speakers; its minor dialect is typically called Bukit Malay). Besides the proper Malay languages, there are several languages closely related to Malay such as Minangkabau, Kerinci, Kubu and others. These languages are closely related to Malay, but their speakers do not consider their languages to be Malay. There are many Malay-based creoles spoken in the country especially in eastern Indonesia due to contacts from the western part of Indonesia and during colonial rule where Malay replaced Dutch as a lingua franca. The most well-known Malay creoles in Indonesia are Ambonese Malay, Betawi, Manado Malay and Papuan Malay.

Sub-ethnic groups of Indonesian Malays[]

Malay ethnic groups in Indonesia[]

A Palembangese Malay woman in the traditional wedding costume from South Sumatera, Indonesia, known as Aesan Gede

The Malay people in Indonesia fall into various sub-ethnicities with each having its own distinct linguistic variety, history, clothing, traditions, and a sense of common identity. According to 2000 census, Malay Indonesians include:

and various other smaller sub-groups.

A Kutainese Malay lady in Residency of South and East Kalimantan, Dutch East Indies. Lithography to an original watercolour c.1879–1880.

Notable Malay Indonesians[]

Literature[]

  • Andrea Hirata, Indonesian author
  • Raja Ali Haji, a 19th-century historian, member of the royal house of Riau-Lingga and Selangor and National Hero of Indonesia

Royalty[]

Three men in ceremonial dress
Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang

Politics[]

  • Marzuki Alie – speaker of the People's Representative Council, 2009–2014 term
  • Hatta Rajasa – the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. Previously, he was the State Secretary, Minister of Transport and Minister for Research and Technology in the Mutual Assistance Cabinet (2001–2004).
  • Amir Hamzah – an Indonesian poet and National Hero of Indonesia.
  • Hamzah Haz – an Indonesian politician. He is the head of the United Development Party (PPP) and served as the ninth Vice-President from 2001 until 2004.
  • Yusril Ihza Mahendra – former chairman of the Crescent Star Party
  • Alex Noerdin – the 15th Governor of South Sumatra
  • – the former Minister for Acceleration of Disadvantaged Regions in 2007/2009
  • Muhammad Sani – the 2nd Governor of Riau Island
  • Rizal Nurdin – the 15th Governor of North Sumatra
  • – the 13th Governor of Riau
  • Tantowi Yahya – Indonesian TV presenter turned politician.

Entertainment[]

  • Ariel Peterpan – the lead singer vocalist[8] of Indonesian band Noah
  • Carissa Putri – Indonesian model and actress
  • Revalina Sayuthi Temat – Indonesian actress, popularly known for her work in Bawang Merah Bawang Putih
  • Titi Kamal – prominent Indonesian actress and singer
  • Farah Quinn – celebrity chef

See also[]

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The figure is based on the ethnic classification presented in Ananta et al. 2015, which includes figures for every groups with "Malay" in their names as well as Jambi, Bengkulu, Serawai, Semendo peoples, but excludes figures for Palembang, Bangka, and Belitung peoples.[2]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Ananta et al. 2015, p. 119.
  2. ^ Ananta et al. 2015, pp. 35–36, 42–43.
  3. ^ "Propinsi Kalimantan Barat - Dayakologi". Archived from the original on 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
  4. ^ Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, Agus Pramono. Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015. p. 273.
  5. ^ "Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik". kesbangpol.riau.go.id. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  6. ^ Sneddon 2003, The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society, p. 69–70
  7. ^ Kamus Saku Bahasa Indonesia, p. 272, PT Mizan Publika, ISBN 9789791227834
  8. ^ Tedjasukmana, Jason (June 25, 2010). "Sex Video Scandal and Indonesia's Porn Obsession". TIME magazine. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2010.

Bibliography[]

  • Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4519-87-8.

External links[]

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