Manche

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Manche
Department
From top down, left to right: Mont-Saint-Michel, Watchtowers in Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, Islands of Chausey and Château de Gratot
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Manche in France
Coordinates: 49°03′N 01°15′E / 49.050°N 1.250°E / 49.050; 1.250Coordinates: 49°03′N 01°15′E / 49.050°N 1.250°E / 49.050; 1.250
Country	France
Region	Normandy
Prefecture	Saint-Lô
Subprefectures	Avranches Cherbourg Coutances
Government
• President of the General Council	(DVD)
Area 1
• Total	5,951 km2 (2,298 sq mi)
Population  (2016)
• Total	498,362
• Density	84/km2 (220/sq mi)
Demonyms	Manchois, Manchots
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number	50
Arrondissements	4
Constituency	4
Cantons	27
Intercommunality	8
Communes	446
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/, French pronunciation: [mɑ̃ʃ] (listen)) is a coastal French department in Normandy, on the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French.

History[]

Manche is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the province of Normandie.

The first capital was Coutances until 1796, and it resumed that role after World War II because of the almost complete destruction of Saint-Lô during the battle of Normandy following D-Day. When Saint-Lô was rebuilt, it again became the capital.

Geography[]

Map of Cotentin peninsula

The department includes the Cotentin Peninsula down to the famous Mont St Michel; though of the off-shore Channel Islands only Chausey forms part of the territory of the department.

Manche borders the Normandy departments of Calvados to the east and Orne to the southeast. Mayenne, a department of the Pays de la Loire, is to the south-east, and Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany is to the south-west.

The region is lush and green with sandy beaches, remaining very rural and farming oriented. The peninsula was originally joined as a single land mass to Cornwall and Dorset in England, meaning that the underlying countrysides of both are very similar - although as farming practices have varied considerably between the UK and France, there are substantial regional differences today in terms of flora and fauna. Flat marsh areas in the department are known for their bird watching. The region and around St Lo is also the horse capital of France, where the cooler climate compared to the south is ideal for breeding and training.

France's first EPR reactor is near completion at Cherbourg and the TGV fast trains are planned for Paris to Caen and Cherbourg for 2020.

Climate[]

The climate is oceanic, with relatively mild winters temperatures can go below zero for a few days occasionally. Temperate summers, around 20 °C, can occasionally reach 35 °C in direct sunlight. Precipitation is substantial, and varies greatly by region, between 700mm on the coast and 1300mm in the southern central area. Highly localised, not life-threatening flash flooding has been experienced over the last few years in the spring period.

The west coast benefits from the Gulf stream's influence, allowing for the naturalization of Mediterranean and exotic plants like mimosas, palms, and agaves.

There is often a sea breeze on the coast, which combined with tides contributes to quick temperature changes over a single day. Sea temperatures can be very pleasant for swimming between June and October.

Demographics[]

Inhabitants of the department are called Manchots or Manchois.

Population development since 1801:

Politics[]

Current National Assembly Representatives[]

Sports[]

A neighborhood in Saint-André-de-l'Épine

• Football: main clubs: AS Cherbourg, US Avranches, FC Saint-Lô, US Granville, CS Villedieu, FC Équeurdreville-Hainneville...
• Cycling: the Tour de France has visited the department 21 times with stages ending at Cherbourg (16), Avranches (2), Granville (1), Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët (1), and the Mont-Saint-Michel (1).
• Sailing: the Solitaire du Figaro has come to Cherbourg several times.
• Tennis: hosts the Challenger La Manche tournament.
• Thai boxing: Villedieu-les-Poêles
• Badminton: Two local clubs compete in the national championship (N3): St Hilaire du Harcouet and Hainneville.
• Golf: course: Granville, Bréhal, Coutainville, Cherbourg, Centre Manche, Fontenay, Côte des Isles

Tourism[]

• 

  Mont-Saint-Michel

• 

  Chausey islands

• 

  Coutances Cathedral

• 

  Tour Vauban in Tatihou

• 

  Napoleon's statue in Cherbourg

• 

  Le Redoutable submarine at the Cité de la Mer

• 

  A vestige of the Normandy landings in Utah Beach

See also[]

• Cantons of the Manche department
• Communes of the Manche department
• Arrondissements of the Manche department
• Cotentinais, the Norman dialect of Manche.

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manche.

Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Manche.

• (in French) Prefecture website
• (in French) General Council website
• (in English) Manche at Curlie
• (in French) A whole wiki about the Manche !
• (in French) Comité départemental du tourisme de la Manche