Marne (department)
Marne | |
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| |
Coordinates: 49°00′N 04°15′E / 49.000°N 4.250°ECoordinates: 49°00′N 04°15′E / 49.000°N 4.250°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Grand Est |
Prefecture | Châlons-en-Champagne |
Subprefectures | Épernay Reims Vitry-le-François |
Government | |
• President of the General Council | |
Area | |
• Total | 8,162 km2 (3,151 sq mi) |
Population (2016) | |
• Total | 570,883 |
• Rank | 45th |
• Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Department number | 51 |
Arrondissements | 4 |
Cantons | 23 |
Communes | 613 |
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 |
Marne (French pronunciation: [maʁn]) is a department in the Grand Est region of France. It is named after the river Marne which flows through it. The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The subprefectures are Épernay, Reims, and Vitry-le-François.
The Champagne vineyards producing the world-famous sparkling wine are located within Marne.
Name[]
The department is named after the Marne, which was called Matrona in Roman times.
History[]
Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the province of Champagne.
Marne has a long association with the French Army. The training ground of the Camp Militaire de Mailly straddles the border with the département of Aube in the south while that of the Camp de Mourmelon occupies a large area north of Châlons-en-Champagne. The smaller Camp de Moronvilliers lies to the east of Reims and the Camp Militaire de Suippes lies to the east of that. These are all located on the chalk grounds of the Champagne plateau, a feature comparable in geology but not size, with the British military training ground on Salisbury Plain.
The Battles of the Marne, where the British and French fought against Germany during World War I, took place here.
Geography[]
Marne is part of the region of Grand Est and is surrounded by the departments of Ardennes, Meuse, Haute-Marne, Aube, Seine-et-Marne, and Aisne.
Geologically, it divides into two distinct parts; the Upper Cretaceous chalk plain in the east and the more wooded and hilly Eocene and Oligocene in the west.
Rivers draining the department include the Marne, Vesle, Ardre and Somme-Soude. Numerous other rivers, such as the Grande and the Petite Morin rise in the department but flow mainly in others. Conversely, the Aube joins the Seine in the department of Marne.
Demographics[]
The inhabitants of the department are called Marnais.
Population development since 1801:
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1801 | 304,651 | — |
1806 | 311,017 | +0.41% |
1821 | 307,644 | −0.07% |
1831 | 337,076 | +0.92% |
1841 | 356,632 | +0.57% |
1851 | 373,302 | +0.46% |
1861 | 385,498 | +0.32% |
1872 | 386,157 | +0.02% |
1881 | 421,800 | +0.99% |
1891 | 434,734 | +0.30% |
1901 | 432,882 | −0.04% |
1911 | 436,310 | +0.08% |
1921 | 366,734 | −1.72% |
1931 | 412,156 | +1.17% |
1936 | 410,238 | −0.09% |
1946 | 386,926 | −0.58% |
1954 | 415,141 | +0.88% |
1962 | 442,135 | +0.79% |
1968 | 485,388 | +1.57% |
1975 | 530,399 | +1.27% |
1982 | 543,627 | +0.35% |
1990 | 558,217 | +0.33% |
1999 | 565,229 | +0.14% |
2006 | 565,841 | +0.02% |
2011 | 566,571 | +0.03% |
2016 | 570,883 | +0.15% |
source:[1] |
Politics[]
Current National Assembly Representatives[]
Tourism[]
Reims, with its famous cathedral in which the kings of France were traditionally crowned, is a major attraction. Other branches of tourism are provided by the bird reserve on the Lake Der-Chantecoq and the fishing lakes nearby. The Parc Naturel Régional de la Montagne de Reims is a major area of country recreation. In the west of the département there are many scenic routes to be explored as also are the several wine cellars of Épernay.
The Porte Mars in Reims, a triumphal arch from the third century AD.
Cathedral of Reims where the kings of France were traditionally crowned
Vineyards near Épernay
Champagne bottles
Notre-Dame-en-Vaux collegiate church in Châlons-en-Champagne
See also[]
- Arrondissements of the Marne department
- Cantons of the Marne department
- Champagne Riots
- Communes of the Marne department
- French wine
References[]
External links[]
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Marne. |
- (in French) Prefecture website
- (in French) General Council website
- (in English) Marne at Curlie
- (in English and French) Official Tourist Board
- Marne (department)
- 1790 establishments in France
- Departments of Grand Est
- States and territories established in 1790