Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)

Ministry of Justice
Welsh: *Y Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder*
	; Headquarters, 102 Petty France, London
Ministerial Department overview
Formed	2007
Preceding Ministerial Department	Department for Constitutional Affairs;
Jurisdiction	United Kingdom; England and Wales in respect of certain devolved matters;
Headquarters	102 Petty France; Westminster, London
Employees	over 77,000
Annual budget	£6.3 billion & £600 million capital expenditure in 2018–19
Minister responsible	Dominic Raab, Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor;
Ministerial Department executive	Antonia Romeo, Permanent Secretary and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery;
Child agencies	Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority; Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service; Legal Aid Agency; HM Prison and Probation Service; Office of the Public Guardian; The National Archives; Office of the Secretary of State for Wales; Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland;
Website	Official website

The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) is a ministerial department of the British Government headed by the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (a combined position). Its stated priorities are to reduce re-offending and protect the public, to provide access to justice, to increase confidence in the justice system, and uphold people's civil liberties.^[2] The Secretary of State is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England and Wales, with some additional UK-wide responsibilities e.g. the UK Supreme Court and judicial appointments by the Crown. The department is also responsible for areas of constitutional policy not transferred in 2010 to the Deputy Prime Minister, human rights law and information rights law across the UK.

The British Ministry of Justice may also oversee the administration of justice in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man (which are Crown dependencies), as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha and the Falkland Islands (which are British Overseas Territories).^[3]^[4]^[5] Gibraltar, another British overseas territory, has its own Ministry of Justice.^[6]

The ministry was formed in May 2007 when some functions of the Home Secretary were combined with the Department for Constitutional Affairs.^[7] The latter had replaced the Lord Chancellor's Department in 2003.

The expenditure, administration and policy of the Ministry of Justice are scrutinised by the Justice Select Committee.^[8]

Responsibilities[]

UK-wide[]

Prior to the formation of the Coalition Government in May 2010,^[9]^[10] the ministry handled relations between the British Government and the three devolved administrations: the Northern Ireland Executive; the Scottish Government; and the Welsh Government.

Responsibility for devolution was then transferred to the re-established position of Deputy Prime Minister, based in the Cabinet Office. He also assumed responsibility for political and constitutional reform, including reform of the House of Lords, the West Lothian Question, electoral policy, political party funding reform and royal succession.

After 2015, responsibility for devolution was transferred back to the ministry as well as the three offices for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland until 2019 when it was transferred to the Minister for the Union in the Prime Minister's Office. The role is currently held by Prime Minister Johnson. Reform of the House of Lords was given to the Leader of the House of Lords and the Cabinet Office. The West Lothian Question was given to the Leader of the House of Commons as was electoral policy and political party funding reform which is now handled by the Speakers Committee on Electoral Reform and the House Leader. Royal succession was given back to the ministry

The Secretary of State for Justice had responsibility for a commission on a British bill of rights. The British bill of rights was a plan to implement human rights through national law, instead of the European Convention on Human Rights being part of our law through the Human Rights Act 1998. This will have also end the binding authority the European Court of Human Rights has over British courts.^[11] This was later shelved, but recently, this has gained support since the UK left the European Union.^{[citation needed]}

The Ministry of Justice retained the following UK-wide remit:

European Union and international justice policy
Freedom of information and data protection
Human rights and civil liberties
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The National Archives

As the office of the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, the ministry is also responsible for policy relating to Lord Lieutenants (i.e. the personal representatives of the Queen), "non-delegated" royal, church and hereditary issues, and other constitutional issues, although the exact definition of these is unclear.^[12]

The post of Lord Chancellor of Ireland was abolished in 1922 though Northern Ireland remains part of the UK. The authority of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland was transferred to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, currently Brandon Lewis.^[13]

England and Wales only[]

The vast majority of the Ministry of Justice's work takes place in England and Wales. The ministry has no responsibility for devolved criminal justice policy, courts, prisons or probation matters in either Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Within the jurisdiction of England and Wales, the Ministry of Justice is responsible for ensuring that all suspected offenders (including children and young people) are appropriately dealt with from the time they are arrested, until convicted offenders have completed their sentence.^[14] The ministry is therefore responsible for all aspects of the criminal law, including the scope and content of criminal offences. Its responsibilities extend to the commissioning of prison services (through the National Offender Management Service), rehabilitation and reducing offending, victim support, the probation service and the out-of-court system, the Youth Justice Board, sentencing and parole policy, criminal injuries compensation and the Criminal Cases Review Commission. The Attorney General for England and Wales (also the Advocate General for Northern Ireland) works with the Ministry of Justice to develop criminal justice policy.^[15]

Other responsibilities limited to England and Wales include the administration of all courts and tribunals, land registration, legal aid and the regulation of legal services, coroners and the investigation of deaths, administrative justice and public law, the maintenance of the judiciary, public guardianship and mental incapacity, supervision of restricted patients detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 and civil law and justice, including the family justice system and claims management regulation.

Crown dependencies[]

The Ministry of Justice is the department that facilitates communication between the Crown dependencies i.e. Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, and HM Government. These are self-governing possessions of the British monarch, through her titles as Duke of Normandy in the Channel Islands and Lord of Mann in the Isle of Man.

It processes legislation for Royal Assent passed by the insular legislative assemblies and consults with the Islands on extending British legislation to them. It also ensures that relevant British legislation is extended to the islands smoothly.^[16]

Ministers[]

The Ministers in the Ministry of Justice are as follows:^[17]

Minister	Office	Portfolio
Dominic Raab QC MP	Secretary of State Lord Chancellor	Overall departmental responsibility; Oversight of all portfolios and Ministry of Justice strategy; Oversight of future relationship with the EU and international business; Resourcing of the department; Functions of the Lord Chancellor; Judicial policy including pay, pensions and diversity; Corporate services.^[18] communicating with the Attorney General's Office^[19]
Victoria Atkins QC MP	Minister of State for Prisons and Probation	The Minister of State for Prisons and Probation leads on the following: Prison operations, policy, reform and industrial relations; Probation services, policy, reform and industrial relations; Public protection (including Parole Board, IPPs and Serious Further Offences); Offender health; Female offenders; Transgender offenders; Veteran offenders; Foreign national offenders (joint work with Chris Philp MP); Offender rehabilitation and release; Reducing Reoffending (joint work with Kit Malthouse MP); Extremism; ROTL and HDC; Electronic monitoring (joint work with Kit Malthouse MP); Youth Justice.^[20]
Kit Malthouse MP	Minister of State for Crime and Policing (jointly with Home Office)	cross-cutting criminal justice system issues. In particular: rape review cross-criminal justice system demand swift justice with knife crime focus; Reducing reoffending (joint work with Lucy Frazer QC MP): Support on criminal justice board and Prime Minister's Crime Taskforce; Electronic monitoring (joint work with Lucy Frazer QC MP); Drugs and alcohol; Joint Spending Review bids.
James Cartlidge MP	Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice	Family law and justice; Domestic abuse and violence (including integrated courts); Legal aid; Legal support; Victims and witnesses; Mental capacity and the Office of the Public Guardian; Race disparity in the justice system; Coroners, burials, inquests and inquiries; Miscarriages of justice; Criminal law; Human Rights; Lawfare; Devolved Administrations and devolution; Independent Monitoring Authority; Shadow Commons minister for Lord Keen's portfolio; Supporting the Secretary of State on future EU relationship and international business; Parliamentary Minister. (scrutinising SIs)^[21]
Tom Pursglove MP	Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration Compliance and the Courts (jointly with Home Office)	Foreign national offenders and removing barriers to removal; Immigration system legal reform; Joint Spending Review bids (working with Kit Malthouse); Immigration crime sentencing reform; Detained fast track; Sentencing; Court and tribunal services and reform; Court and tribunal fees; Administrative justice: Supporting the Secretary of State on departmental finance portfolio.^[22]
The Lord Wolfson of Tredegar QC	Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice	Responsible for all Departmental business in the Lords, and leads on: civil law and justice, legal services worldwide, relationship with the legal profession, Global Britain, Crown Dependencies

The Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Justice is Antonia Romeo, who is by virtue of her office also Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.

References[]

^ Budget 2018 (PDF). London: HM Treasury. 2018. pp. 23–24. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
^ List of Ministerial Responsibilities (PDF). London: Cabinet Office. 2010. p. 44.
^ "Crown Dependencies: Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man". GOV.UK. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
^ "The Overseas Territories: Security, Success and Sustainability" (PDF). Foreign & Commonwealth Office. June 2012.
^ "Chief Justice of the Falkland Islands | Judicial Appointments Commission". www.judicialappointments.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
^ "Departments & services | Government of Gibraltar". www.gibraltar.gov.gi. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
^ National Audit Office (6 July 2010). Ministry of Justice, Financial Management Report (PDF). TSO. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-10-296533-9.
^ "Role - Justice Committee". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
^ "Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement". Conservative Party. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
^ "Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement". Liberal Democrats. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
^ "Cabinet Office". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^ "Ministry of Justice". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^ "Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
^ "Home Office to be split in two". BBC News Online. BBC. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
^ "Attorney General's Office - About us". Gov.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "Ministry of Justice – What we do – Crown dependencies". Retrieved 7 April 2013.
^ "Our ministers". GOV.UK. Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
^ "Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
^ "The Attorney General of England and the Attorney General of the United States". Duke University School of Law. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
^ "Minister of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
^ "Parliamentary Under Secretary of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
^ "Parliamentary Under Secretary of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

External links[]

[1] Budget 2018 (PDF). London: HM Treasury. 2018. pp. 23–24. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

[2] List of Ministerial Responsibilities (PDF). London: Cabinet Office. 2010. p. 44.

[3] "Crown Dependencies: Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man". GOV.UK. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[4] "The Overseas Territories: Security, Success and Sustainability" (PDF). Foreign & Commonwealth Office. June 2012.

[5] "Chief Justice of the Falkland Islands | Judicial Appointments Commission". www.judicialappointments.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[6] "Departments & services | Government of Gibraltar". www.gibraltar.gov.gi. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[7] National Audit Office (6 July 2010). Ministry of Justice, Financial Management Report (PDF). TSO. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-10-296533-9.

[8] "Role - Justice Committee". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 August 2021.

[9] "Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement". Conservative Party. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2010.

[10] "Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement". Liberal Democrats. 12 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2010.

[11] "Cabinet Office". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

[12] "Ministry of Justice". List of Government departments and ministers. Cabinet Office. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

[13] "Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 April 2018.

[BBC1-14] "Home Office to be split in two". BBC News Online. BBC. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2007.

[15] "Attorney General's Office - About us". Gov.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2018.

[16] "Ministry of Justice – What we do – Crown dependencies". Retrieved 7 April 2013.

[17] "Our ministers". GOV.UK. Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

[18] "Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

[19] "The Attorney General of England and the Attorney General of the United States". Duke University School of Law. Retrieved 3 March 2020.

[20] "Minister of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

[21] "Parliamentary Under Secretary of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

[22] "Parliamentary Under Secretary of State - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

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v t Ministry of Justice
Headquarters: 102 Petty France, Westminster
Ministers	Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor Minister of State for Prisons Minister of State Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State 2 Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State
Executive agencies	Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority HM Courts and Tribunals Service Legal Aid Agency HM Prison and Probation Service (HM Prison Service National Probation Service) Office of the Public Guardian
Non-departmental public bodies	Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service Civil Justice Council Criminal Cases Review Commission Independent Monitoring Board Information Commissioner's Office Judicial Appointments Commission Law Commission Legal Services Board Parole Board for England and Wales Prisons and Probation Ombudsman Sentencing Council Youth Justice Board
Other organisations	Crown Office
Significant former agencies	Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council HM Courts Service Legal Services Commission Tribunals Service Sentencing Guidelines Council

v t Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
Ministerial	Advocate General for Scotland Attorney General's Office Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Cabinet Office Defence Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Education Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Health and Social Care Home International Trade Justice Leader of the House of Commons Leader of the House of Lords Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Northern Ireland Scotland Office Transport Treasury UK Export Finance Wales Office Work and Pensions
Non-ministerial	Charity Commission for England and Wales Competition and Markets Authority Crown Prosecution Service Food Standards Agency Forestry Commission Government Actuary's Department Government Legal Department Land Registry Revenue and Customs National Crime Agency National Savings and Investments Ofsted Office of Gas and Electricity Markets Ofqual Office of Rail and Road Serious Fraud Office Supreme Court National Archives UK Statistics Authority Ofwat
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