New Britain, Connecticut

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This article is about the city in Connecticut. For other uses, see New Britain (disambiguation).

New Britain, Connecticut
City
West Main Street, Downtown New Britain
West Main Street, Downtown New Britain
Flag of New Britain, Connecticut
Flag
Official seal of New Britain, Connecticut
Seal
Nickname(s): 
New Britski, Hard-Hittin’ New Britain, Hardware City
Motto(s): 
"Industry fills the hive and enjoys the honey."
Location within Hartford County and Connecticut
Location within Hartford County and Connecticut
Coordinates: 41°40′30″N 72°47′14″W / 41.67500°N 72.78722°W / 41.67500; -72.78722Coordinates: 41°40′30″N 72°47′14″W / 41.67500°N 72.78722°W / 41.67500; -72.78722
Country United States
U.S. state Connecticut
CountyHartford
Metropolitan areaHartford
Incorporated (town)1850
Incorporated (city)1871
Consolidated1905
Government
 • TypeMayor-council
 • MayorErin E. Stewart (R)
Area
[3]
 • Total13.43 sq mi (34.78 km2)
 • Land13.36 sq mi (34.59 km2)
 • Water0.07 sq mi (0.19 km2)
Elevation
167 ft (51 m)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total74,135
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
72,495
 • Density5,428.30/sq mi (2,095.89/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code
06050, 06051, 06052, 06053
Area code(s)860
FIPS code09-50370
GNIS feature ID0209217
Major highwaysI-84.svg Connecticut Highway 9.svg Connecticut Highway 71.svg Connecticut Highway 72.svg
Rapid TransitCTfastrak symbol.svg
Websitewww.newbritainct.gov

New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. According to 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.[1]

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski."[4]

History[]

New Britain was settled in 1687 and then was incorporated as a new parish under the name New Britain Society in 1754. The name is a transfer from Great Britain.[5] Chartered in 1850 as a township and in 1871 as a city, New Britain had separated from the nearby town of Farmington, Connecticut. A consolidation charter was adopted in 1905.

During the early part of the 20th century, New Britain was known as the "Hardware Capital of the World", as well as "Hardware City". Major manufacturers, such as The Stanley Works, the P&F Corbin Company (later Corbin Locks), Landers, Frary & Clark (LF&C) and North & Judd, were headquartered in the city.

Postcard: West Main Street, pre-1907.

In 1843 Frederick Trent Stanley established Stanley's Bolt Manufactory in New Britain to make door bolts and other wrought-iron hardware. In 1857 his cousin founded The Stanley Rule and Level Company in the city. Planes invented by Leonard Bailey and manufactured by the Stanley Rule and Level Company, known as "Stanley/Bailey" planes, were prized by woodworkers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and remain popular among wood craftsmen today. The two companies merged in 1920, and the Stanley Rule and Level Company became the Hand Tools Division of Stanley Works.

The wire coat hanger was invented in 1869 by O. A. North of New Britain. In 1895, the basketball technique of dribbling was developed at the New Britain YMCA. In 1938, New Britain High School competed in the high school football national championship game in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1954 saw the development of racquetball, also at the YMCA.[6]

Paul Manafort Sr., the father of Paul Manafort, was once the mayor of New Britain; the Manafort family had immigrated from Italy to New Britain prior to 1919.[7]

The heads of the fire and police departments and seven other municipal employees were arrested as part of a corruption scandal in the 1970s.[8]

City motto[]

New Britain's motto, Industria implet alveare et melle fruitur – translated from Latin – means "Industry fills the hive and enjoys the honey." This phrase was coined by Elihu Burritt, a 19th-century New Britain resident, diplomat, philanthropist and social activist.

In 2007 it was reported that the Latin word for "honey" in the motto had been a typo for decades; it should be melle, but it had long been misspelled as mele. Former mayor William McNamara, who unsuccessfully tried to fix it during his term, suggested "to either fix the spelling immediately" or "switch to the English version of the motto."[9][10] As controversy arose from the matter, the word was superseded with the correct spelling, melle.

Geography and topography[]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.4 square miles (34.7 km2), of which, 13.3 square miles (34.6 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km2) of it (0.52%) is water.

New Britain's terrain is mostly made up of soft, rolling hills and young Connecticut forest. The many parks are populated with trees, and in small, undeveloped areas, there is also brushy woods. New Britain's streets also have many trees lining the sides of the roads. Many front yards in the northern half of the city have at least one tree. One or two streams flow through New Britain, undisturbed by the development.

Demographics[]

hideLargest ancestries (2010)[11] Percent
Puerto-Rican 29.9%
Polish 17.1%
Italian 9.6%
Irish 8%
German 4.1%
English 3.9%
French-Canadian 3.8%
Haitian 3.1%
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
188011,800—
189016,51940.0%
190025,99857.4%
191043,91668.9%
192059,31635.1%
193068,12814.9%
194068,6850.8%
195073,7267.3%
196082,20111.5%
197083,4411.5%
198073,840−11.5%
199075,4912.2%
200071,538−5.2%
201073,2062.3%
2019 (est.)72,495[2]−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income

As of the census[13] of 2010, there were 73,153 people. The racial makeup of the city was 47.7% Non-Hispanic White, 36.8% Hispanic or Latino(of any race), 10.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander and 1.9% from two or more races.

There were 29,888 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

In 2010 The median income for a household in the city was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $42,056. Males had a median income of $36,848 versus $28,873 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,404. 24.5% of the population below the poverty line (Poverty Rate is 19.2% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 36.8% for Hispanic or Latino residents).

Government & Politics[]

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of November, 2017[14]
Party Active Voters Inactive Voters Total Voters Percent Change Since 2015[15] Percentage
Democratic 15,833 1,208 17,041 -5% 49%
Unaffiliated 12,146 1,285 13,431 + <1% 39%
Republican 3,323 229 3,552 +5% 11%
Total 31,807 2,762 34,569 - <1% 100%
New Britain city vote
by party in presidential elections[16]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2016 69.28% 15,468 27.12% 6,055 3.61% 805
2012 76.32% 16,052 22.74% 4,783 0.94% 197
2008 74.54% 16,742 24.23% 5,442 1.23% 276
2004 67.01% 14,122 31.13% 6,560 1.86% 392
2000 69.48% 13,913 25.26% 5,059 5.26% 1,054
1996 66.44% 14,322 22.78% 4,911 10.77% 2,322
1992 53.80% 14,159 26.75% 7,040 19.45% 5,118
1988 61.63% 15,843 37.22% 9,569 1.15% 295
1984 51.24% 14,608 48.14% 13,723 0.62% 177
1980 53.21% 15,649 34.99% 10,292 11.80% 3,470
1976 60.32% 18,737 38.96% 12,101 0.72% 223
1972 52.31% 18,143 46.52% 16,134 1.17% 405
1968 65.71% 21,890 28.97% 9,651 5.32% 1,772
1964 80.47% 29,976 19.53% 7,273 0.00% 0
1960 68.84% 27,293 31.16% 12,352 0.00% 0
1956 46.86% 18,125 53.14% 20,551 0.00% 0

Ethnic groups[]

In the 1960s various European ethnic groups had ethnic enclaves, including those from Ireland, Italy, Poland, and Ukraine.[7]

Polish community[]

New Britain has the largest Polish population of any city in Connecticut, and by 1930 a quarter of the city was ethnically Polish.[17] Also referred to as "Little Poland", the city's Broad Street neighborhood has been home to a considerable number of Polish businesses and families since 1890. On September 23, 2008, through the urging of the Polonia Business Association, the New Britain City Council unanimously passed a resolution officially designating New Britain's Broad Street area as "Little Poland."[18] In recent years, the Polish community has been credited with revitalizing the area both culturally and economically. Media is served by three Polish language newspapers and a television station, and many businesses and civil agencies are bilingual. The post office branch in Little Poland is the only one in the nation with the word "post" written in Polish to welcome visitors. Each year, a Little Poland festival is held on the last Sunday of April.

Notable visitors to the Polish district have included Presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan on July 8, 1987.[19] In 1969, as then-Cardinal Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II gave a mass at Sacred Heart Church.[20] A statue was erected in his honor in 2007.[21] Dubbed the city's "Polish heart" by The Boston Globe, Little Poland caught the attention of Polish Ambassador to the US Ryszard Schnepf, who toured the area with US Senators Chris Murphy and Richard Blumenthal, US Congresswoman Elizabeth Esty, as well as several members of the Polish Sejm.[citation needed] An honorary Polish consulate was established in March 2017. The first of its kind in Connecticut, it was established by Polish diplomat to the United States Piotr Wilczek.[22]

In September 2019, Polish President Andrzej Duda became the first head of state to visit New Britain when he addressed thousands in Walnut Hill Park prior to traveling to New York City for the United Nations General Assembly. Duda was joined by a variety of Connecticut politicians, including Governor Ned Lamont, U.S. Representative Jahana Hayes and Senators Chris Murphy and Richard Blumenthal.[23]

Accent[]

Natives of New Britain have a fairly unmarked Connecticut accent, though there is some local perception of a distinct accent, popularly attributed to the Polish-American community, such as the use of a glottal stop in place of /t/ before syllabic /l/: in other words, in words like cattle and bottle.[24] The short "a" vowel /æ/ as in TRAP may be raised to [ɛə] for some speakers in Connecticut, including New Britain, though this feature appears to be declining among younger residents.[25]

Economy[]

New Britain is home to the global headquarters of the Fortune 500 manufacturing conglomerate Stanley Black & Decker. Other notable companies headquartered in New Britain include , Tomasso Group, Creed Monarch, Guida's Dairy, and Polamer Precision.

Top employers[]

According to the City's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[26] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 City of New Britain 2,239
2 Hospital of Central Connecticut 1,536
3 Central Connecticut State University 1,450
4 Hospital for Special Care 1,182
5 Stanley Black & Decker 600
6 Webster Bank 599
7 Tilcon Connecticut 553
8 Creed Monarch 300
9 Polamer Precision 249
10 Rich Foods 220

Sites of interest[]

Downtown New Britain
New Britain Museum of American Art
Walnut Hill Park
  • Central Connecticut State University
  • New Britain Little League.
  • New Britain Museum of American Art, the oldest art museum in the United States devoted to American art.[27][28]
  • Sudbury School – an independent alternative school.
  • New Britain Industrial Museum, a museum of New Britain's industrial past and present [29]
  • The Hospital of Central Connecticut, the city's largest employer.
  • Walnut Hill Park – Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed Central Park in New York City.
  • Walnut Hill Rose Garden, the recently restored landmark with over 800 roses.
  • Connecticut Theatre Company, located in the historic Repertory Theatre of New Britain.
  • Hole in the Wall Theater.
  • New Britain Youth Museum, contains children's artifacts and exhibits on regional culture.
  • Stag Arms, a firearms manufacturer.
  • The Polish district or "Little Poland": Located primarily in the vicinity of Broad Street, visitors can find unique amber jewelry, handcrafted items, blown glass, Christmas ornaments, carved chess sets, as well as eat Polish food.

Sports[]

  • New Britain Bees, minor league professional baseball team playing in New Britain Stadium.
  • Hartford City FC, professional soccer team playing at CCSU Soccer field.
  • New Britain Fagan Cal Ripken Baseball League, a youth baseball program that serves children from the City of New Britain between the ages of 4 and 12.
  • New Britain Little League (NBLL, previously known as Walicki – A.W. Stanley Little League), a youth baseball and softball organization that serves the children of New Britain who are between the ages of 4 and 16.
  • Connecticut United Football Club, a professional soccer team affiliated with the American Soccer League[30]

Education[]

Colleges and universities[]

The city is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College, a public liberal arts college.

Primary and secondary schools[]

New Britain Public Schools operates public schools. The local high school is New Britain High School. New Britain is also home to the Mountain Laurel Sudbury School.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford is responsible for the operation of Catholic schools. A Catholic elementary school, Sacred Heart School, is in New Britain.[31] St. Thomas Aquinas High School closed in 1999.[32]

The Holy Cross Catholic School was established in 1954. The Holy Cross, St. Francis of Assisi and St. Joseph Catholic schools merged into Saint John Paul II School in 2006; the Holy Cross parish sponsored the consolidated school. The archdiocese closed the SJP School in 2015.[33] At the time of its closing, SJP school had debts of over $300,000.[34]

Transportation[]

Connecticut Route 9 is the city's main expressway connecting traffic between Hartford (via I-84 and I-91) and Old Saybrook and Middletown. I-84 itself clips the northwestern corner of the city. Public transportation is provided by Connecticut Transit.

Downtown New Britain serves as the southern terminus of CTfastrak, a bus rapid transit line. Operated by Connecticut Transit, the project officially broke ground in May 2012, and became operational in March 2015.[35][36] The route's northern terminus is Union Station in Hartford. There are also CTfastrak stations on East Main Street and East Street, the latter near Central Connecticut State University. New Britain is served by Connecticut Transit New Britain.

New Britain has a nearby Amtrak station in adjacent Berlin. The Vermonter (once daily) and Shuttle (multiple daily arrivals/departures) provide service to destinations throughout the northeastern United States. There are also plans underway for a Springfield–Hartford–New Haven commuter rail, which would have Berlin as one of its stations.

Notable people[]

  • Paul S. Amenta (1922–2014), state senator
  • Anita Antoinette (1989–), reggae singer and songwriter
  • Charles Avedisian (1917–1983), NB Athletic Director (1952–1966), member of 1944 New York Giants team ranked as #1 defensive unit in NFL history[37]
  • Robert S. Barton (1925–2009), computer designer and system architect, inventor of stack architecture
  • Christopher A. Bray, member of the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont Senate[38][39]
  • Elihu Burritt (1810–1879), diplomat, philanthropist, social activist, appointed by Abraham Lincoln as U.S. Consul in Birmingham, England
  • Walter Camp (1859–1925), Yale football player and coach, often referred to as the "Father of American Football"
  • Phillip Corbin (1824–1910), founder of P&F Corbin Co. – a major manufacturer of locks and keys
  • Steve Dalkowski (1939–2020), former pitcher in the minor leagues famous for his high speed fastball
  • Daym Drops (1977–), YouTube food reviewer
  • Anna Eshoo (1942–), U.S. Representative of California's 18th congressional district
  • Willie Hall (1949–), linebacker for the Super Bowl XI champion Oakland Raiders;[40] Pulaski High School, University of Southern California
  • Charles K. Hamilton (1881–1914), aviator
  • Harry Jacunski (1915–2003) professional football player with Green Bay Packers, member of Fordham University Seven Blocks of Granite, Yale football coach for 33 years
  • Nancy Johnson (1935–), U.S. Representative for 5th and 6th CT districts (1983–2007)
  • Byron Jones (1992–), NFL player currently free safety for the Dallas Cowboys and unofficial world record holder of the standing long jump
  • Tebucky Jones (1974–), professional football player[41]
  • James Kilbourne (1770-1850), founder of Worthington, Ohio
  • David LaFlamme, virtuoso violinist in both classical and rock music
  • Tony Leone (1969–), rock and jazz drummer
  • Sol LeWitt (1928–2007), Modern artist
  • Bruce H. Mahan, (1930–1982) noted Professor of Chemistry at UC-Berkeley, thesis advisor of Nobel Laureate Y.T. Lee
  • Paul Manafort (1949–), lobbyist, advisor to political campaigns of Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Robert Dole, George W. Bush, John McCain and Donald Trump[42]
  • Thomas J. Meskill, (1928–2007) NB Mayor (1962–1964), Governor (1971–1975), appointed by Richard Nixon to the US Court of Appeals for 2nd Circuit (1975–2007)
  • Chris Murphy (1973–), U.S. Congressman for 5th CT district (2007–2013) and U.S. Senator for Connecticut (2013–present)
  • Lamar Odom (1979–), St. Thomas Acquinas basketball great, NBA player with the Los Angeles Clippers, Miami Heat, Los Angeles Lakers and Dallas Mavericks
  • Jon Olsen (1969–), swimmer, winner of four Olympic gold medals
  • Charles Patterson, author and historian[43]
  • Carl Pavano (1976–), professional baseball player
  • Joe Porcaro Drummer in Los Angeles and father to the Porcaro brothers who founded the band [Toto]
  • Charles Quigley (1906-1964), actor
  • Adolfas Ramanauskas (1918–1957), one of the prominent leaders of the Lithuanian partisans
  • Abraham A. Ribicoff (1910–1998), Congressman (1949–1953), Governor (1955–1961), Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare ('61–'62), U.S. Senator from Connecticut (1963–81)
  • Velvet Sky (born 1981), ring name of professional wrestler Jamie Szantyr with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
  • George Springer (1989–), professional baseball player currently with the Houston Astros (as of 2018)
  • Frederick Trent Stanley (1802–1883), first mayor of NB (1870), founder of Stanley Bolt Manufacturing (1843) that became The Stanley Works (1857) and (2010) Stanley Black & Decker.
  • Erin Stewart (1987–), Mayor of NB (2013–), currently (2016) youngest female mayor in United States
  • Tom Thibodeau (1958–), current head coach of the New York Knicks of the NBA

Sister cities[]

New Britain's sister cities are:[44]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Annual Estimates of the Population for All Incorporated Places in Connecticut" (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 21, 2006. Retrieved November 17, 2006.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  4. ^ "A city's Polish heart". The Boston Globe.
  5. ^ The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly. Connecticut Magazine Company. 1903. p. 333.
  6. ^ "Mission". Website. New Britain-Berlin YMCA. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Foer, Franklin (March 2018). "Paul Manafort, American Hustler". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  8. ^ Henry, Diane (September 28, 1979). "New Britain Undismayed By Latest Political Scandal". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  9. ^ Polanco, Monica (May 28, 2007). "Lone, Latin Cause: 'L' Is On His Mind". The Hartford Courant.
  10. ^ "Fix New Britain's Motto". The Hartford Courant. May 31, 2007.
  11. ^ "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
  12. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ^ http://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sots/ElectionServices/Registration_and_Enrollment_Stats/Nov17RPES.pdf?la=en
  15. ^ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 25, 2013" (PDF). Connecticut Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2006. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
  16. ^ "General Elections Statement of Vote 1922".
  17. ^ "www.ctheritage.org".
  18. ^ Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (March 13, 2011). "A city's Polish heart: Renewed business district tightens a community's ties". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  19. ^ "Ronald Reagan: Remarks to Citizens in New Britain, Connecticut".
  20. ^ "John P. Wodarski collection". Elihu Burritt Library, Central Connecticut State University. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  21. ^ Vallee, Jason (April 2, 2007). "Nearly 1,000 see Sacred Heart Church unveil figure of Pope John Paul II". New Britain Herald. Retrieved August 5, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ https://esty.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/place-poland-ambassador-helps-open-honorary-consulate
  23. ^ Stacom, Dan (September 22, 2019). "Polish president welcomed to New Britain by Lamont, senators, crowd of thousands". Hartford Courant. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  24. ^ Santaniello, Gary (September 5, 2004). "Accent? What Accent?". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Boberg, Charles (2001). "The Phonological Status of Western New England". American Speech. 76 (1): 26. doi:10.1215/00031283-76-1-3. S2CID 143486914.
  26. ^ "City of New Britain, Connecticut Comprehensive Annual Financial Report FY 2018". December 22, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  27. ^ Susan Dunne (February 2, 2014). "New Britain Museum of American Art Was First Of Its Kind". The Hartford Courant.
  28. ^ "NBMAA History". New Britain Museum of American Art. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  29. ^ Don Stacom (November 27, 2018). "New director plans big future for New Britain Industrial Museum". Hartford Courant. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  30. ^ "American Soccer League". Archived from the original on August 6, 2016.
  31. ^ Home. Sacred Heart School. Retrieved on March 15, 2019.
  32. ^ Leukhardt, Bill (July 29, 1999). "ST. THOMAS AQUINAS SCHOOL TO CLOSE". Hartford Courant. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  33. ^ Stacom, Don (February 15, 2015). "Another New Britain Catholic School To Close". Hartford Courant. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  34. ^ "Parents, Students Fight to Save Closing New Britain Catholic School". NBC Connecticut. February 13, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  35. ^ "What Is CTfastrak". State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  36. ^ Krafcik, Mike (July 17, 2014). "CTFastrak Set To Open In March; Economic Growth Expected Along Busway". WTIC Fox CT. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  37. ^ "The 100 Stingiest Defenses In Football History". Archived from the original on November 14, 2015.
  38. ^ VTD Editor (August 6, 2010). "In Profile: Bray pushes for big ideas in lite gov race". VT Digger. Montpelier, VT.
  39. ^ "Biography, Senator Christopher Bray". legislature.vermont.gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont General Assembly. 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  40. ^ "Greatest moments: Raiders Capture First Super Bowl with 32-14 Drubbing of the Minnesota Vikings". Official website of the Oakland Raiders. The Oakland Raiders. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
  41. ^ "Tebucky Jones". NBC Sports Network.
  42. ^ Mcintire, Andrew E. Kramer, Mike; Meier, Barry (August 14, 2016). "Secret Ledger in Ukraine Lists Cash for Donald Trump's Campaign Chief". The New York Times.
  43. ^ "Charles Patterson". Charleswpatterson.com. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  44. ^ "New Britain welcomes delegation from Japanese sister city". newbritainherald.com. New Britain Herald. February 21, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2021.

Further reading[]

  • History of New Britain by Camp, New Britain, 1889
  • Legendary Locals of New Britain by Amy Melissa Kirby, 2014
  • A Walk Around Walnut Hill, 1975, by Kenneth Larson
  • New Britain, by Alfred Andrews, 1867
  • A History of New Britain, by Herbert E. Fowler, 1960
  • The Story of New Britain, by Lillian Hart Tryon, 1925
  • Images of America, New Britain, by Arlene Palmer, 1995
  • New Britain, The City of Invention, by Patrick Thibodeau

External links[]

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