Paleobiota of the Yixian Formation

Ordosemys liaoxiensis and Psittacosaurus preserved together

The Yixian Formation (simplified Chinese: 义县组; traditional Chinese: 義縣組; pinyin: Yìxiàn zǔ) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans about 5 million years during the early Cretaceous period (early Aptian stage). It is known for its fossils, listed below.

The Yixian Formation is divided into the following subunits: (ages from Chang et al., 2009^[1] unless otherwise noted)

Jingangshan Bed (youngest, 122.1 Ma)
Dawangzhangzi Bed (124.4 Ma)^[2]
Jianshangou Bed (125.2 Ma)^[3]
Lujiatun Bed (125.8 Ma)^[3]
Basalt base (oldest, 129.7 Ma)

Sauropods[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Dongbeititan	D. dongi	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Partial postcrania^[4]	A basal titanosauriform	Euhelopus
cf. Euhelopus	cf. E. sp.		Lujiatun Bed	Isolated teeth^[5]	A basal titanosauriform
Liaoningotitan	L. sinensis			nearly complete skeleton^[6]	A basal titanosauriform
Sauropoda spp.			Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Isolated vertebrae and teeth^[7]	One or more species of sauropods, possibly titanosaurs, have been recovered from the Yixian Formation, though most remain undescribed^[5]

Ornithischians[]

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[7]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Bolong	B. yixianensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An ornithopod	Jeholosaurus Liaoceratops Liaoningosaurus Psittacosaurus
Changmiania^[8]	C. liaoningensis		Lujiatun Bed	Two nearly complete skeletons	A basal ornithopod that may have dug burrows
Jeholosaurus	J. shangyuanensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Skull with associated vertebrae and hindlimb, skull with cervical vertebrae."^[9]	An ornithopod
Jinzhousaurus	J. yangi	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton."^[10]	An ornithopod
Liaoceratops	L. yanzigouensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[Two] nearly complete skulls, juvenile to adult."^[11]	A ceratopsian
Liaoningosaurus	L. paradoxus	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Partial skull [and] skeleton."^[12]	A small ankylosaur
Psittacosaurus	P. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Thousands of specimens in the Lujiatun Bed, somewhat less common in the Jianshangou Bed	A ceratopsian

Theropods[]

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[7]

Avialans[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Archaeorhynchus	A. spathula	Dawangzhangzi Bed		An early, advanced short-tailed bird (ornithuran)^[13]	Changchengornis Confuciusornis sanctus Eogranivora Hongshanornis Liaoxiornis Shanweiniao Yixianosaurus
Changchengornis^[14]	C. hengdaoziensis^[14]	Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[14]	A confuciusornithid
Confuciusornis	C. chuonzhous			Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[15]
	C. dui^[16]	Jianshangou Bed	"[Two] skeletons."^[16]
	C. feducciai^[17]	Jianshangou Bed
	C. sanctus^[16]	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	"Hundreds of complete skeletons."^[16]	A primitive short-tailed bird (pygostylian), also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	C. suniae			Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[15]
Dalingheornis	D. liweii	Dawangzhangzi Bed		An Enantiornithine^[18]
Eoenantiornis	E. buhleri	Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[19]	An entantiornithine
Eogranivora	E. edentulata	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"nearly complete skeleton with skull"^[20]	An ornithuromorph
	I. huchzermeyeri			An ornithuromorph
Jinzhouornis	J. yixianensis	Jianshangou Bed		A pygostylian, a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[21]
Jinzhouornis	J. zhangjiyingia	Jianshangou Bed		Junior synonym of C. sanctus
Jixiangornis	J. orientalis	Jianshangou Bed		A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[22]
Hongshanornis	H. longicresta	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds^[23]	4 specimens^[23]	An ornithuromorph^[24]
Jibeinia	J. luahera			Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Liaoningornis	L. longidigitris	Lujiatun Bed	"Partial skeleton."^[26]	An enantiornithine.^[27]
Liaoxiornis	L. delicatus	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Considered a nomen dubium because the name is based on remains of a hatchling entantiornithine and cannot be confidently matched with the adult form.^[28]
Lingyuanornis	L. parvus	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior objective synonym of Liaoxiornis delicatus, a nomen dubium.^[28]
Longicrusavis	L. houi	Dawangzhangzi Bed		An ornithuromorph^[24]
Longirostravis	L. hani	bed unknown		An enantiornithine
Protopteryx	P. fengningensis			Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Mirusavis	M. parvus		Partial skeleton.^[29]	An immature female enantiornithine preserved with medullary bone tissue.^[29]
Shanweiniao	S. cooperorum	Dawangzhangzi Bed		An enantiornithine.^[30]
Vescornis	V. hebeiensis			Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Yixianosaurus	Y. longimanus	Dawangzhangzi Bed		An anchiornithid
Zhongornis	Z. haoae	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A primitive avialan with a short but non-pygostylian tail^[31]

Dromaeosaurs and troodontids[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Changyuraptor^[32]	C. yangi	Jianchang		A complete articulated specimen with extensive feathering.^[32]	A dromaeosaurid	Changyuraptor Daliansaurus Graciliraptor Jianianhualong Liaoningvenator Mei Sinornithosaurus millenii Tianyuraptor Zhenyuanlong Zhongjianosaurus
Daliansaurus	D. liaoningensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A very complete specimen.^[33]	A troodontid
Graciliraptor	G. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	An incomplete specimen.	A dromaeosaurid
Jianianhualong	J. tengi	Beipiao	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A very complete specimen with feather impressions.^[34]	A troodontid
Liaoningvenator	L. curriei	Beipiao		A very complete specimen.	A troodontid
Mei	M. long	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A small troodontid fossilized in a sleeping position
Sinornithosaurus	S. haoiana	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Might be a junior synonym of Sinornithosaurus millenii.
Sinornithosaurus	S. millenii	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Three specimens with skulls and postcrania, two with preserved feathers.^[35] Feathered integument is also preserved.^[35]^[36]	A dromaeosaurid, the first ever found with feather impressions.
Sinovenator	S. changii	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	Three specimens with partial skulls and postcrania.^[37]^[38] Hundreds of additional specimens known but undescribed.	A troodontid
Sinusonasus	S. magnodens	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A troodontid
Tianyuraptor	T. ostromi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A dromaeosaurid
Zhenyuanlong^[39]	Z. suni	Jianchang		One nearly complete skeleton with preserved feathers, including long tail feathers and large wing feathers.	A dromaeosaurid
Zhongjianosaurus^[40]	Z. yangi	Lingyuan		A partial skeleton including an arm, both legs, vertebrae, ribs and most of the tail.^[40]	A microraptorian dromaeosaurid with very long legs.^[40]
Undescribed deinonychosaur/possible troodontid			Dawangzhangzi Bed	One specimen with feather imprints	A possible troodontid.^[41]
Undescribed troodontid	Specimen CAGS-IG01-004		Lujiatun Bed	Skull and partial skeleton	A troodontid similar to Mei.^[42]
Unnamed dromaeosaurid	Specimen NGMC 91	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Complete specimen with feather imprints	A juvenile dromaeosaurid that may be a specimen of Sinornithosaurus millenii.^[43]^[44] Informally nicknamed "Dave".

Other theropods[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Beipiaosaurus	B. inexpectus	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Incomplete skeleton with integument."^[45]	A therizinosaur	Beipiaosaurus Caudipteryx zoui Dilong Incisivosaurus Protarchaeopteryx Shenzhousaurus Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx prima Yutyrannus
Caudipteryx	C. dongi	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"[One] partial postcranium with feather imprints."^[46]	Oviraptorosaurs
	C. zoui	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Common, only over a small region
	C. sp.^[47]
Dilong	D. paradoxus	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Bed	Rare	A tyrannosauroid
Grallator			lower Jianshangou Bed		Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, belonging to a small theropod. Of known Yixian theropods, the footprints most closely match Caudipteryx.^[48]
Hexing	H. qingyi	Beipiao	Lujiatun		A primitive ornithomimosaur^[49]
Huaxiagnathus	H. orientalis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A compsognathid
Incisivosaurus	I. gauthieri	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[One] skull [and a] partial cervical."^[46]	An oviraptorosaur
Jianchangosaurus	J. yixianensis	Jianchang		A nearly complete juvenile specimen with feather impressions.^[50]	A therizinosaur
Ningyuansaurus	N. wangi			Complete skeleton with feather impressions.^[51]	An oviraptorosaur
Protarchaeopteryx	P. robusta	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton, at least [two] individuals."^[52]	A possible relative of Incisivosaurus
Raptorex	R. kriegsteini				A tyrannosaurid, probably from higher Mongolian strata.
Scansoriopteryx	S. heilmanni				Initially reported from the Dawangzhangzi Bed, probably from the Daohugou Beds instead.^[53]
Shenzhousaurus	S. orientalis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Articulated skull and incomplete skeleton."^[54]	A primitive ornithomimosaur
Similicaudipteryx	S. yixianensis			Two specimens	An oviraptorosaur, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[55]
Sinocalliopteryx	S. gigas	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A large compsognathid
Sinosauropteryx	S. prima	Beipiao & Lingyuan	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Four nearly complete specimens^[56]^[57]	A compsognathid. The first non-avian dinosaur found with feather impressions.
Sinosauropteryx	S.? sp.	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	One specimen (GMV 2124) with partial skull, postcrania, and preserved feathers	An unnamed coelurosaur originally described as a specimen of Sinosauropteryx, later found to be a new genus and species.^[58]
Xingtianosaurus	X. ganqi	Liaoning	Dakangpu Bed	One nearly complete specimen (IVPP V13390), minus the head	A Caudipterid Oviraptorosaur^[59]
Yutyrannus	Y. huali		Unknown	Three nearly complete skeletons of various ages	A large tyrannosauroid^[60]
Unnamed theropod	Not yet described	Yixian	Lujiatun Bed	Partial post-cranial skeleton^[61]	A possible carnosaur^[62]

Pterosaurs[]

The pterosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and Zhou in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[63]

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Beipiaopterus	B. chenianus	Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid	Feilongus Gladocephaloideus Haopterus Moganopterus Ningchengopterus
Boreopterus	B. cuiae	Jianshangou Bed		A boreopterid
Cathayopterus	C. grabaui	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Elanodactylus^[64]	E. prolatus	Jianshangou Bed^[65]		A ctenochasmatid
Eopteranodon^[66]	E. lii			A tapejarid
Eosipterus	E. yangi	Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Feilongus	F. youngi	Jianshangou Bed		A boreopterid
Gegepterus^[67]	G. changae^[65]	Jianshangou Bed^[65]		A ctenochasmatid
Gladocephaloideus^[68]	G. jingangshanensis	Jingangshan Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Haopterus	H. gracilis	Jianshangou Bed		An ornithocheirid
Luchibang^[69]	L. xingzhe		One nearly complete articulated skeleton (ELDM 1000)	An istiodactylid, the most complete known
Moganopterus	M. zhuiana	Lujiatun bed?		A boreopterid
Ningchengopterus	N. liuae	Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed		A pterodactyloid^[70]
Pterofiltrus	P. qiui	Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid^[65]
Zhenyuanopterus	Z. longirostris	Jianshangou Bed		A boreopterid.^[71] May be adult form of Boreopterus.^[72]

Misc. reptiles[]

Choristoderans[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Hyphalosaurus	H. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed			Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis Monjurosuchus splendens
Hyphalosaurus	H. baitaigouensis	Jingangshan Bed	Thousands of specimens
Monjurosuchus	M. splendens	Dawangzhangzi Bed
Sinohydrosaurus	S. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior synonym of Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis

Lizards[]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Dalinghosaurus	D. longidigitus	Jianshangou Bed	A lizard related to shinisaurs	Dalinghosaurus Xianglong
Liushusaurus	L. acanthocaudata^[73]	Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed	A lizard related to geckos and skinks
Xianglong	X. zhaoi	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A gliding lizard
Yabeinosaurus	Y. tenuis	Dawangzhangzi & Jingangshan Beds	A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Turtles[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Manchurochelys	M. liaoxiensis^[74]	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Ordosemys liaoxiensis^[75]	Ordosemys
Manchurochelys	M. manchoukuoensis^[15]	Jingangshan Bed
Ordosemys	O. liaoxiensis^[75]	Jianshangou Bed

Mammals[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The mammals listed below were compiled in a survey by Meng and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[76]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Acristatherium	A. yanensis^[77]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A eutherian	Eomaia Gobiconodon zofiae Jeholodens Repenomamus robustus Yanoconodon
Akidolestes	A. cifellii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A symmetrodont
^[78]	C. lii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A eutriconodont
Eomaia	E. scansoria	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A stem therian
Gobiconodon	G. zofiae	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Gobiconodon	G. luoianus^[79]		Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont; junior synonym of G. zofiae
Jeholodens	J. jenkinsi	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A eutriconodont
Juchilestes^[80]	J. liaoningensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	An amphidontid
^[81]	J. cheni			A eutriconodont
Maotherium	M. sinensis	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A symmetrodont
Maotherium	M. asiaticus^[82]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A symmetrodont
	M. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
	O. lii			A symmetrodont
Repenomamus	R. giganticus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Repenomamus	R. robustus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont, which ate small dinosaurs
Sinobaatar	S. lingyuanensis	Lingyuan	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	A multituberculate
Sinodelphys	S. szalayi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A metatherian
Yanoconodon^[83]	Y. allini^[83]	Fengning^[83]		A eutricondodont
Zhangheotherium	Z. quinquecuspidens	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A symmetrodont

Amphibians[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Callobatrachus	C. sanyanensis	Sihetun	Jianshangou Bed	A disc-tongued frog	Callobatrachus
Laccotriton	L. subsolanus	Paozhanggou	Fengshan Bed	A urodelan
Liaobatrachus	L. grabaui	Sihetun	Jianshangou Bed	A spadefoot toad
Liaobatrachus	L. zhaoi	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A spadefoot toad
Mesophryne	M. beipiaoensis	Beipiao & Heitizigou	Lujiatun Bed & Jianshangou Bed	A frog with no known living relatives
Sinerpeton	S. fengshanensis	Paozhanggou	Fengshan Bed	A urodelan

Fish[]

Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Hybodontoidea indet.	Family, genus and species indeterminate			A shark known from a single dorsal fin spine^[84]	Lycoptera Mesomyzon Protopsephurus Sinamia
Lycoptera	L. davidi	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Huajiying Formation	An osteoglossiform
	L. muroii	Jingangshan Bed
	L. sinensis	Jianshangou Bed
Mesomyzon	M. mengae			A lamprey
Peipiaosteus	P. pani	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation	A fish related to sturgeons
Protopsephurus	P. liui	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang & Huajiying Formations	A paddlefish
Sinamia	S. zdanskyi	Jianshangou Bed		A bowfin
	Y. longidorsalis		Also present in the Huajiying Formation	A peipiaosteid

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation[]

The invertebrate species listed below follow a survey by Chen and colleagues published in 2005, unless otherwise noted.^[74]

Arachnids[]

The arachnid species listed below follow a catalogue compiled by Dunlop, Penney and Jekel in 2010, unless otherwise noted.^[85]

Genus	Species	Notes
?Araneus	A.? aethus	Orb-weaver spiders
	A.? beipiaoensis
	A.? liaoxiensis
	A.? reheensis
	C. liaoningensis	A nephiline spider
?Gnaphosa	G.? liaoningensis	A ground spider
?Theridion	T.? atalus	A tangle web spider

Beetles (Coleoptera)[]

Genus	Species	Notes
	A. complanus	A click beetle^[86]
	A. antennatus	Desmatin click beetles^[86]
	A. clavatus
	A. dolini
	C. longipoda	A beetle^[87]
	D. cognatus	A desmatin click beetle^[86]
	F. pervalimand	An trachypachid beetle^[88]
Glaresis	G. orthochilus	A laresid scarab beetle^[89]
	H. gracilis	Hydrophiloid water scavenger beetles^[90]
	H. hydraenoides
	H. shatrovskiyi
Liaoximordella	L. hongi	A mordellid beetle^[91]
Mirimordella	M. gracilicruralis	A mordellid beetle^[92]
Oxyporus	O. yixianus	An oxyporine rove beetle^[93]
	P. dilatatus	A desmati click beetle^[86]
	P. incanus	A Geotrupine scarab beetle^[94]
	S. validus	A beetle^[87]
	S. silinae	A hydrophiloid water scavenger beetle^[90]
	S. breviventer	Oxyteline rove beetles^[95]
	S. euglypheus
	S. longisetosus

Crustaceans[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Chenops^[96]	C. oblongus			A notostracans	Chenops yixianensis Chenops oblongus (right) and Jeholops hongi (left)
Chenops^[96]	C. yixianensis			A notostracans
Cricoidoscelosus	C. aethus			A crayfish^[97]
	C. (Cypridea) liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	Ostracods
	C. (C.) sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (C.) veridica arguta		Jingangshan Bed
	C. (C.) sp.		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (Ulwellia) beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed
	D. formosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Darwinula	D. leguminella		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
	D. jeholensis		Jianshangou Bed	Clam shrimps
	D. yixianensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	D.? sp.		Jianshangou Bed
	E. jingangshanensis		Jingangshan Bed	Clam shrimps
	E. lingyuanensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	E. aff. middendorfii		Jingangshan Bed
	E. ovata		Jianshangou Bed
	E. sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
	E. gujialingensis		Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
Jeholops^[96]	J. hongi			A notostracan
	L. quadripartitus		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi beds	A shrimp
	L. infantilis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
	M. sp.		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
"Mongolarachne"	"M." chaoyangensis		Dawangzhangzi Beds	A crayfish^[98]
	M. cf. palmosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
	P. licenti			A crayfish^[97]
	R. jurassica		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
	T. jianshangouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
?	Y.? beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
	Y. dabeigouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod

Dragonflies (Odonata)[]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The dragonfly species listed below follow a review compiled by Zhang, Ren and Panf in 2008, unless otherwise noted.^[99]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes
	A. mengi				A dragonfly
	A. heishankowense				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[100]
	A. sp.				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[100]
	A. labius			Nymphs^[100]	Reclassified as Yixiangomphus labius,^[101] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[100]
	B. catherinae				A dragonfly
	C. beipiaoensis				A dragonfly
	D. liaoyuanensis^[101]			Poorly preserved nymph^[100]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[100]
	D. orientale				A dragonfly
	H. fengningensis				A dragonfly
	H. taushanensis				A dragonfly^[101]
	L. yixianensis				A dragonfly
	M. boreala				A corduliid dragonfly^[91]
	P. labius				A dragonfly, reclassified as of Yixiangomphus labius,^[101] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[100]
	P. liaoningensis				A dragonfly
	P. largina^[87]			One specimen, nymph^[100]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[100]
	R. limnobia				An aeshnid dragonfly^[91]
Sinaeschnidia	S. heishankowense		Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Adults and nymphs^[100]
	S. cancellosa^[100]				Junior synonym of S. heishankowense^[102]
	S. sp.			Indeterminate nymph specimens^[100]	Some nymph specimens have been given their own genera and species though probably belong so S. heishankowense but too poorly preserved to be certain^[100]
	S. taoshanensis				A dragonfly
	S. imperfecta				A dragonfly
	S. amoena				Dragonflies
	S. eleganti				Dragonflies
	S. rarum				A dragonfly
	T. paradoxica	Beipiao			A dragonfly
	Y. labius			Nymphs^[100]	Junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[100]

Flies (Diptera)[]

Species	Member	Notes
A. xingi	Jianshangou Bed	A brachyceran fly
A. yanensis		A mycetophilid gnat^[103]
C. gregaria		A phantom midge
G. liaoningensis		A soldier fly^[104]
L. kovalevi		A ^[105]
P. eupterus		A horse-fly^[91]
P. megista		An asiloid fly^[91]
P. minuta		A brachyceran fly^[91]
P. jurassicus		A tangle-veined fly^[91]

Wasps (Hymenoptera)[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
	A. annulatus	Beipiao		An pelecinid^[106]
	A. robusta		Jianshangou Bed	A sawfly
	A. clavatus	Beipiao		An iscopinine pelecinid^[106]
	C. petidatus			A proctotrupid wasp^[91]
Cretevania	C. exquisita	Beipiao		Hatchet wasps^[107]
	C. pristine		Jianshangou bed
	C. vesca
	L. linearis			A woodwasp^[91]
	M. flexuosus			An aulacid woodwasp^[91]
Procretevania	P. exquisita			Reclassified as Cretevania spp.^[108]
	P. pristine
	P. vesca
	R. belli			sawflies^[109]
	R. celsus
	R. crassinodus
	S. rectivenius			An ichneumonoid wasp^[91]
	S. viriosus			A pelecinid^[106]
	T. exquisita		Jianshangou Bed	An ichneumon wasp

Other insects[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
	A. bliquivenatica^[87]			Snakeflies	Epicharmeropsis, a mayfly
	A. longistigmasa		Jianshangou Bed	Snakeflies
	A. shangyuanensis			A snakefly^[87]
	B. liaoningensis			A snakefly^[87]
	C. shangyuanensis		Jianshangou Bed	A mayfly^[87]
	C. glossophylla			A snakefly^[91]
	C. othneius			An antlion^[91]
	C. aureus			A grig^[110]
Cretophasmomima	C. melanogramma			A stick insect^[111]
?	?E. trisetalis		Jianshangou and Jingangshan beds	A mayfly. Chinese specimens probably represent species of Epicharmeropsis^[112]
	E. hexavenulosus^[112]	Pingquan		Mayflies
	E. quadrivenulosus^[112]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Mayflies
	H. paradoxa		Jianshangou Bed	A stick insect
	I. beipiaoensis			Cicadas^[113]
	I. exiguus
	I. fengningensis
	I. hui
	I. pingquanensis
Kalligramma	K. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	A lacewing
	K. formosa			A cockroach^[87]
	L. fornicata			A snakefly^[87]
	L. tanae			A sword-tail cricket^[91]
	L. yixiana			A mesochrysopid lacewing^[114]
	M. yangi			An owlfly^[91]
	M. laiyangensis			A water bug^[87]
	M. colosseus		Jianshangou Bed
	M. ingentius			A cicada^[113]
	N. acerba		Jianshangou Bed	A cockroach
	O. sinica			A beaded lacewing^[91]
	S. magnicornia			A chresmodid water-skiing insect^[115]
	S. zhaoi	Beipiao		A stonefly^[116]
	S. lini			An aphid^[91]
	S. lii		Jianshangou Bed	A lacewing^[117]
	T. laetus			A moth^[87]
Unnamed	Unnamed			A caddisfly pupa, likely belonging to the .^[118]
Unnamed Siphonaptera	Unnamed			A giant, non-jumping flea^[119]

Molluscs[]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
	A. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
	A. lingyuanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang and
	A. yanshanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
Bithynia	B. haizhouensis	Jingangshan Bed	A gastropod
Corbicula	C. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium anderssoni
Corbicula	C. jeholense	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium jeholense
Gyraulus	G. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A ramshorn snail
	P. vitimensis	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
	P. harpaeformis	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
	P. cf. phillipi	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
Sphaerium	S. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	A fingernail clam, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	S. jeholense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
	S. selenginense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
?Viviparus	V.? cf. matsumotoi	Jingangshan Bed	A snail

Flora of the Yixian Formation[]

Conifers[]

The coniferous trees and shrubs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[120]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Brachyphyllum			A cypress-like conifer
			A yew
Cunninghamia			A cypress
			A cypress
Elatocladus	E. leptophyllus		Conifers of uncertain classification
Elatocladus	E. manchurica^[15]		Conifers of uncertain classification
	L. boii	Jingangshan Bed	A conifer of uncertain classification
Pagiophyllum			A cypress-like conifer
			A pine
	P. sp.^[15]		A pine
	P. cf. lindstroemi^[15]		A pine
			A pine
Podozamites	P. lanceolatus^[15]		A conifer of uncertain classification
	S. jeholensis^[15]
?Sequoia	S.? jeholensis^[15]
Taxus			A yew
Torreya			A yew
	Y. sinensis^[15]

Ferns[]

Genus	Species	Notes
Cladophlebis	C. spp.^[15]
Coniopteris	C. sp.^[15]
	O. elongata^[15]	Junior synonym of O. psilotoides
	O. psilotoides^[15]
?	R.? sp.^[15]

Flowering plants[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Archaefructus	A. eoflora		Jianshangou Bed	A primitive, aquatic angiosperm	rowspan="3" Archaefructus
	A. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed
	A. sinensisis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	C. dilae^[121]	Liaoning		A plant with true flowers
?Davallia	D.? niehhutzuensis^[15]
	E. stenoptera^[121]	Liaoning		Actually a specimen of Callianthus
Leefructus	L. mirus^[122]			A eudicot
	L. chenii^[15]
?Potamogeton	P.? jeholensis^[15]
Ranunculus	R. jeholensis^[15]			Junior synonym of Potamogeton jeholensis
	S. decussatus			A primitive eudicot

Ginkgos[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Baiera	B. cf. gracilis^[15]
Baiera	B. orientalis^[15]
	C. rigida^[15]
Ginkgo	G. apodes^[123]
Ginkgoites	G. sibiricus^[15]
	L. sp.^[15]
?	N.? sp.^[15]
	P. cf. augustifolia^[15]
	S. sp.^[15]
Sphenobaiera	S. longifola^[15]

Other plants[]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
	C. liangii^[124]			A gnetale gymnosperm
	C. liangii^[15]			Junior synonym of Chaoyangia liangii
Ephedra	E. sp.			A gymnosperm
Equisetum	E. sp.			A horsetail
	E. changii^[124]			A grass-like gnetale gymnosperm
	S. simplex^[125]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A gnetale gymnosperm
	T. sp.^[15]			A cycad

References[]

^ Chang, S. C.; Zhang, H.; Renne, P. R.; Fang, Y. (2009). "High-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Jehol Biota". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 280 (1): 94–104. Bibcode:2009PPP...280...94C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.021.
^ Meng, F.X.; Gao, S.; Liu, X.M. (2008). "U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks of the Yixian Formation in the Lingyuan area, western Liaoning, China". Geological Bulletin of China. 27: 364–373.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Chang, S.-C.; Gao, K.-Q.; Zhou, Z.-F.; Jourdan, F. (2017). "New chronostratigraphic constraints on the Yixian Formation with implications for the Jehol Biota". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 487: 399–406. Bibcode:2017PPP...487..399C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.026.
^ Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China". Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.
^ Chang-fu Zhou; Wen-hao Wu; Toru Sekiya; Zhi-ming Dong (2018). "A new Titanosauriformes dinosaur from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Global Geology. 37 (2): 327–333. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.02.001.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
^ Yang, Yuqing; Wu, Wenhao; Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Godefroit, Pascal (2020-09-08). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China". PeerJ. 8: e9832. doi:10.7717/peerj.9832. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7485509. PMID 33194351.
^ "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.
^ "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.
^ "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
^ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.
^ Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x. S2CID 85222311.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.
^ Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x. S2CID 21418230.
^ Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x.
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.
^ Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O'Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1871): 20172494. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2494. PMC 5805944. PMID 29386367.
^ Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House
^ Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; o’Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498. S2CID 53489175.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2820J. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5. S2CID 133507763.
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.
^ O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594): 1. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:JBFTEC]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5890.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wang, Min; O’Connor, Jingmai K; Bailleul, Alida M; Li, Zhiheng (2020-06-01). "Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird". National Science Review. 7 (6): 1068–1078. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz214. ISSN 2095-5138.
^ O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371. S2CID 196607241.
^ Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Gang Han; Luis M. Chiappe; Shu-An Ji; Michael Habib; Alan H. Turner; Anusuya Chinsamy; Xueling Liu & Lizhuo Han (15 July 2014). "A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance". Nature Communications. 5, Article number: 4382: 4382. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4382H. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382. PMID 25025742.
^ Shen, Caizhi; Lü, Junchang; Liu, Sizhao; Kundrát, Martin; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Gao, Hailong (2017-06-01). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 763–780. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13307. ISSN 1755-6724.
^ Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip; Pittman, Michael; Xing, Lida; Meng, Qingjin; Lü, Junchang; Hu, Dongyu; Yu, Congyu (2017-05-02). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8: ncomms14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.
^ Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.
^ "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.
^ White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193. S2CID 85276956.
^ Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015). "A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution". Scientific Reports. 5: Article number 11775. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511775L. doi:10.1038/srep11775. PMC 4504142. PMID 26181289.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017). "A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-13.
^ Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
^ Hwang; Norell; Ji; Gao (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 73A–74A.
^ Senter, Phil (2011). "Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (10): 2197–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x. PMID 21726330. S2CID 41172539.
^ Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012). "A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 371: 1–206. doi:10.1206/748.1. hdl:2246/6352. S2CID 83572446.
^ "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.
^ Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.
^ Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.
^ Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
^ Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lü, Junchang; Xu, Li; Wu, Yanhua; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Jia, Songhai (2013-05-29). "An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63423. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863423P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667168. PMID 23734177.
^ Ji Qiang, Lü Jun-Chang, Wei Xue-Fang, Wang Xu-Ri (2012). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.
^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. Bibcode:2005ChSBu..50.2369W. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. S2CID 198142479.
^ "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.
^ Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169. S2CID 205220207.
^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.
^ Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" (PDF). Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1075Z. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440. S2CID 205219587.
^ Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x.
^ Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma (2019). "A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 6431. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6431Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6. PMC 6483983. PMID 31024012.
^ Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...92X. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. S2CID 29689629. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17.
^ Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Currie, P.J.; Shibata, M.; Tseng, K.; Dong, Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China". Lethaia. 45 (4): 500–506. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.
^ Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.
^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. doi:10.1002/gj.1046.
^ Zhou, C (2009). "New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 255 (3): 277–286. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1243–1249. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400011. PMID 22146956.
^ Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.
^ Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215-234
^ Lü Junchang; Ji Qiang; Wei Xuefang; Liu Yongqing (2011). "A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 34: 26–30. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.09.010.
^ Hone, David W. E.; Fitch, Adam J.; Ma, Feimin; Xu, Xing (2020-03-04). "An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1015. ISSN 1094-8074.
^ Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x.
^ Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24 (2): 241–246. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00204.x.
^ Witton, Mark P., 1984- (2013). Pterosaurs : natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847655. OCLC 842919760.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. Bibcode:2005ScChD..48..298C. doi:10.1360/04yd0038. S2CID 130825449.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates (3438): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2803. ISSN 0003-0082.
^ Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. doi:10.1002/gj.1054.
^ Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.
^ Shilin Hou & Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..546H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2. S2CID 129366743.
^ Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x.
^ Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475.
^ Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; Meng, J. (2021). "Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs". Nature. 592 (7855): 577–582. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2. PMID 33828300. S2CID 233183060.
^ Martin, Thomas, & Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..243M. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765. S2CID 26545052.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Luo, Z.; Chen, P.; Li, G.; Chen, M. (2007). "A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals". Nature. 446 (7133): 288–93. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..288L. doi:10.1038/nature05627. PMID 17361176. S2CID 4329583.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.
^ Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076. S2CID 55827291.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6. S2CID 85742721.
^ Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821. S2CID 51491869.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.
^ Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1415.1.6.
^ Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049. S2CID 83787190.
^ Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x.
^ Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26-33.
^ Paul A. Selden; Alison N. Olcott; Matt R. Downen; Dong Ren; Chungkun Shih; Xiaodong Cheng (2019). "The supposed giant spider Mongolarachne chaoyangensis, from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, is a crayfish" (PDF). Palaeoentomology. 2 (5): 515–522. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.15.
^ Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.6.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. Bibcode:2000ChSBu..45.1031Z. doi:10.1007/bf02884986. S2CID 85282862.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.
^ Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.
^ Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x. S2CID 84767798.
^ Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.
^ Enrique Peñalver; Jaime Ortega-Blanco; André Nel; Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x.
^ Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650. S2CID 88390334.
^ Li, L.-M.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z.-H. (2007). "New Prophalangopsids from Late Mesozoic of China (Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, Aboilinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 32 (2): 412–422.
^ Wang, Maomin; Béthoux, Olivier; Bradler, Sven; Jacques, Frédéric M. B.; Cui, Yingying; Ren, Dong (2014-03-19). Srygley, Robert B. (ed.). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91290. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991290W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091290. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3960115. PMID 24646906.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.3. S2CID 85843454.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.
^ Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.3. S2CID 73522770.
^ Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. S2CID 83282286.
^ Liu, Y.; Sinitshenkova, N.D.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new genus and species of stonefly (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 322–326. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.003.
^ Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. Bibcode:2009SciBu..54.1732Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2. S2CID 84821055.
^ Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.
^ Huang, D.; Engel, M.S.; Cai, C.; Wu, H.; Nel, A. (2012). "Diverse transitional giant fleas from the Mesozoic era of China". Nature. 483 (7388): 201–204. Bibcode:2012Natur.483..201H. doi:10.1038/nature10839. PMID 22388812. S2CID 4415855.
^ Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.
^ Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 471 (7340): 625–628. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..625S. doi:10.1038/nature09811. PMID 21455178. S2CID 205224036.
^ Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131 (1–2): 91–103. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.
^ Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183. PMC 2900273. PMID 20565755.

[age2009yixian-1] Chang, S. C.; Zhang, H.; Renne, P. R.; Fang, Y. (2009). "High-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Jehol Biota". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 280 (1): 94–104. Bibcode:2009PPP...280...94C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.021.

[meng2008-2] Meng, F.X.; Gao, S.; Liu, X.M. (2008). "U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks of the Yixian Formation in the Lingyuan area, western Liaoning, China". Geological Bulletin of China. 27: 364–373.

[chang2017-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Chang, S.-C.; Gao, K.-Q.; Zhou, Z.-F.; Jourdan, F. (2017). "New chronostratigraphic constraints on the Yixian Formation with implications for the Jehol Biota". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 487: 399–406. Bibcode:2017PPP...487..399C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.026.

[Wangetal07-4] Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x.

[titanosaurteeth-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China". Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.

[6] Chang-fu Zhou; Wen-hao Wu; Toru Sekiya; Zhi-ming Dong (2018). "A new Titanosauriformes dinosaur from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Global Geology. 37 (2): 327–333. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.02.001.

[xu&norell2006-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.

[8] Yang, Yuqing; Wu, Wenhao; Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Godefroit, Pascal (2020-09-08). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China". PeerJ. 8: e9832. doi:10.7717/peerj.9832. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7485509. PMID 33194351.

[table-18-1-395-9] "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.

[table-19-1-416-10] "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.

[table-22-1-480-11] "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.

[table-17-1-367-12] "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.

[zhou&zhang2006-13] Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x. S2CID 85222311.

[table-11-1-211-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.

[biostrat-15] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.

[table-11-1-212-16] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.

[cfeducciai-17] Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x. S2CID 21418230.

[18] Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x.

[table-11-1-213-19] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.

[20] Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O'Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1871): 20172494. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2494. PMC 5805944. PMID 29386367.

[houetal2002-21] Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House

[jijietal2002-22] Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.

[hongshan2014-23] Jump up to: ^a ^b Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; o’Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.

[OGC10-24] Jump up to: ^a ^b O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498. S2CID 53489175.

[jinetal2008birds-25] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2820J. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5. S2CID 133507763.

[table-11-1-214-26] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.

[oconnor2012-27] O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.

[chiappeontogeny2007-28] Jump up to: ^a ^b Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594): 1. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:JBFTEC]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5890.

[:0-29] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wang, Min; O’Connor, Jingmai K; Bailleul, Alida M; Li, Zhiheng (2020-06-01). "Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird". National Science Review. 7 (6): 1068–1078. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz214. ISSN 2095-5138.

[O'connoretal.2009-30] O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371. S2CID 196607241.

[31] Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x.

[GangEtAl2015-32] Jump up to: ^a ^b Gang Han; Luis M. Chiappe; Shu-An Ji; Michael Habib; Alan H. Turner; Anusuya Chinsamy; Xueling Liu & Lizhuo Han (15 July 2014). "A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance". Nature Communications. 5, Article number: 4382: 4382. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4382H. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382. PMID 25025742.

[33] Shen, Caizhi; Lü, Junchang; Liu, Sizhao; Kundrát, Martin; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Gao, Hailong (2017-06-01). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 763–780. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13307. ISSN 1755-6724.

[34] Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip; Pittman, Michael; Xing, Lida; Meng, Qingjin; Lü, Junchang; Hu, Dongyu; Yu, Congyu (2017-05-02). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8: ncomms14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.

[table-10-1-198-35] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.

[azuma2005-36] Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.

[table-9-1-185-37] "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.

[white2009-38] White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193. S2CID 85276956.

[zhenyuanlong-39] Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015). "A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution". Scientific Reports. 5: Article number 11775. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511775L. doi:10.1038/srep11775. PMC 4504142. PMID 26181289.

[ivpp.cas.cn-40] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017). "A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-13.

[xunorell2006-41] Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.

[hwangetal2004abs-42] Hwang; Norell; Ji; Gao (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 73A–74A.

[43] Senter, Phil (2011). "Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (10): 2197–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x. PMID 21726330. S2CID 41172539.

[TurneretalBAMNH-44] Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012). "A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 371: 1–206. doi:10.1206/748.1. hdl:2246/6352. S2CID 83572446.

[table-7-1-138-45] "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.

[table-8-1-166-46] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.

[caudisp-47] Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.

[xingetal2009-48] Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.

[Hexing-49] Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.

[50] Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lü, Junchang; Xu, Li; Wu, Yanhua; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Jia, Songhai (2013-05-29). "An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63423. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863423P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667168. PMID 23734177.

[ningyuansaurus-51] Ji Qiang, Lü Jun-Chang, Wei Xue-Fang, Wang Xu-Ri (2012). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[table-11-1-216-52] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.

[Wangetal06-53] Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. Bibcode:2005ChSBu..50.2369W. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. S2CID 198142479.

[table-6-1-138-54] "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.

[simili2-55] Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169. S2CID 205220207.

[table-4-1-76-56] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.

[sinocolour2010-57] Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" (PDF). Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1075Z. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440. S2CID 205219587.

[jietalnewsinosaur-58] Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x.

[59] Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma (2019). "A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 6431. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6431Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6. PMC 6483983. PMID 31024012.

[yutyrannus-60] Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...92X. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. S2CID 29689629. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17.

[dongbetitan_bite-61] Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Currie, P.J.; Shibata, M.; Tseng, K.; Dong, Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China". Lethaia. 45 (4): 500–506. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.

[62] Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.

[wang&zhou2006-63] Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. doi:10.1002/gj.1046.

[64] Zhou, C (2009). "New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 255 (3): 277–286. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.

[pterofiltrus-65] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1243–1249. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400011. PMID 22146956.

[66] Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.

[67] Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215-234

[Gladocephaloideus-68] Lü Junchang; Ji Qiang; Wei Xuefang; Liu Yongqing (2011). "A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 34: 26–30. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.09.010.

[69] Hone, David W. E.; Fitch, Adam J.; Ma, Feimin; Xu, Xing (2020-03-04). "An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1015. ISSN 1094-8074.

[LJ09-70] Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x.

[ACX10-71] Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24 (2): 241–246. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00204.x.

[72] Witton, Mark P., 1984- (2013). Pterosaurs : natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847655. OCLC 842919760.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[evens&wang2010-73] Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.

[chenetal2005-74] Jump up to: ^a ^b Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. Bibcode:2005ScChD..48..298C. doi:10.1360/04yd0038. S2CID 130825449.

[amnh1-75] Jump up to: ^a ^b Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates (3438): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2803. ISSN 0003-0082.

[mengetall2006-76] Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. doi:10.1002/gj.1054.

[acristatherium-77] Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.

[78] Shilin Hou & Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..546H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2. S2CID 129366743.

[Yuan-79] Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x.

[Gao2010-80] Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475.

[81] Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; Meng, J. (2021). "Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs". Nature. 592 (7855): 577–582. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2. PMID 33828300. S2CID 233183060.

[Martin_&_Ruf_2009-82] Martin, Thomas, & Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..243M. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765. S2CID 26545052.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[yanoconodon-83] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Luo, Z.; Chen, P.; Li, G.; Chen, M. (2007). "A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals". Nature. 446 (7133): 288–93. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..288L. doi:10.1038/nature05627. PMID 17361176. S2CID 4329583.

[zhang2007shark-84] Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.

[dunlopetal2010-85] Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html

[huali2010-86] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076. S2CID 55827291.

[lin&huang2001-87] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6. S2CID 85742721.

[jiaetal2010-88] Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine

[baietal2010-89] Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x.

[prokinetal2010-90] Jump up to: ^a ^b Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821. S2CID 51491869.

[ren2002-91] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.

[liuetal2007-92] Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1415.1.6.

[yue2011-93] Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049. S2CID 83787190.

[nikolajev-94] Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x.

[yuestaphylinids2010-95] Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.

[Hegna-96] Jump up to: ^a ^b Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x.

[shenetal-97] Jump up to: ^a ^b Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26-33.

[98] Paul A. Selden; Alison N. Olcott; Matt R. Downen; Dong Ren; Chungkun Shih; Xiaodong Cheng (2019). "The supposed giant spider Mongolarachne chaoyangensis, from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, is a crayfish" (PDF). Palaeoentomology. 2 (5): 515–522. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.15.

[zhangrenpang2008-99] Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.6.

[zhang2000-100] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. Bibcode:2000ChSBu..45.1031Z. doi:10.1007/bf02884986. S2CID 85282862.

[lin1994-101] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.

[fleck-102] Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.

[zhang2007-103] Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.

[huang&lin2007soldier-104] Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.

[zhangflies2007-105] Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.

[fengetal2011-106] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x. S2CID 84767798.

[zhangwasps2007-107] Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.

[Peñalver-108] Enrique Peñalver; Jaime Ortega-Blanco; André Nel; Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x.

[gaoetal2010-109] Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650. S2CID 88390334.

[110] Li, L.-M.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z.-H. (2007). "New Prophalangopsids from Late Mesozoic of China (Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, Aboilinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 32 (2): 412–422.

[111] Wang, Maomin; Béthoux, Olivier; Bradler, Sven; Jacques, Frédéric M. B.; Cui, Yingying; Ren, Dong (2014-03-19). Srygley, Robert B. (ed.). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91290. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991290W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091290. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3960115. PMID 24646906.

[huangren2007-112] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.3. S2CID 85843454.

[menonetal2005-113] Jump up to: ^a ^b Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.

[renmakarkin2010-114] Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.3. S2CID 73522770.

[zhangetal2008a-115] Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. S2CID 83282286.

[116] Liu, Y.; Sinitshenkova, N.D.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new genus and species of stonefly (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 322–326. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.003.

[yangetal2009-117] Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. Bibcode:2009SciBu..54.1732Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2. S2CID 84821055.

[davisengel&ren2010-118] Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.

[huangetal2012-119] Huang, D.; Engel, M.S.; Cai, C.; Wu, H.; Nel, A. (2012). "Diverse transitional giant fleas from the Mesozoic era of China". Nature. 483 (7388): 201–204. Bibcode:2012Natur.483..201H. doi:10.1038/nature10839. PMID 22388812. S2CID 4415855.

[wangetal2006conifer-120] Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.

[wangzhengflower2009-121] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.

[leefructus-122] Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 471 (7340): 625–628. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..625S. doi:10.1038/nature09811. PMID 21455178. S2CID 205224036.

[ginkgoapodes-123] Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131 (1–2): 91–103. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.

[archaefructus-124] Jump up to: ^a ^b Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.

[simplex-125] Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183. PMC 2900273. PMID 20565755.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Paleontology
Part of a series on

show Fossils Fossilization Trace fossil Microfossil Fossil preparation Index fossil List of fossils List of fossil sites Lagerstätte fossil beds List of transitional fossils List of human evolution fossils
show Natural history Biogeography Extinction event Geochronology Geologic time scale Geologic record History of life Origin of life Timeline of evolution Transitional fossil
show Organs and processes Avian flight Cells Multicells Eyes Flagella Hair Mammalian auditory ossicles Mosaic evolution Nervous systems Sex
show Evolution of various taxa Birds Butterflies Cephalopods Cetaceans Dinosaurs Fishes Fungi Humans Insects Mammals Molluscs Plants Reptiles Sea cows Spiders Tetrapods
show Evolution Introduction to evolution Common descent Phylogeny Cladistics Biological classification
show History of paleontology History of paleontology Timeline of paleontology
show Branches of paleontology Biostratigraphy Ichnology Invertebrate paleontology Micropaleontology Molecular paleontology Palaeoxylology Paleobiology Paleobotany Paleoecology Paleogenetics Paleolimnology Paleopedology Paleotempestology Paleozoology Palynology Sclerochronology Taphonomy Vertebrate paleontology
Paleontology Portal Category
v t