Pampanga River

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Pampanga River
Rio Grande de Pampanga
Arayat33jfaa.JPG
The Pampanga River with Mount Arayat in the background
Pampanga River Watershed.png
Pampanga River drainage area
Pampanga River is located in Luzon
Pampanga River
Pampanga River mouth
Location
CountryPhilippines
RegionCentral Luzon
Province
City
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationSierra Madre, Central Luzon
MouthManila Bay
 • location
Hagonoy, Bulacan
 • coordinates
14°46′N 120°39′E / 14.767°N 120.650°E / 14.767; 120.650Coordinates: 14°46′N 120°39′E / 14.767°N 120.650°E / 14.767; 120.650
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length270 km (170 mi)
Basin size10,434 km2 (4,029 sq mi)[1]

The Pampanga River is the second largest river on the island of Luzon in the Philippines (next to Cagayan River) and the country's fifth longest river.[2][3] It is in the Central Luzon region and traverses the provinces of Pampanga, Bulacan, and Nueva Ecija.

Topography[]

Its headwaters are at the Sierra Madre and runs a south and southwesterly course for about 261 kilometres (162 mi) until it drains into Manila Bay.[4]

The river's basin covers an area of 10,434 square kilometres (4,029 sq mi),[5][1] including the allied basin of . The basin is drained through the Pampanga River and via the into the Manila Bay.

Great Pampanga River (view from San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija bridge)

Its main tributaries are and the rivers on the eastern side of the basin and the from the northwest side. The Angat River joins the Pampanga River at Calumpit, Bulacan via the . Mount Arayat (elevation: 1,026 metres (3,366 ft)) stands in the middle of the basin.

Southeast of Mount Arayat and the Pampanga River is the Candaba Swamp, covering an area of some 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) absorbing most of the flood flows from the western slopes of a portion of the Sierra Madre and the overflowing of the Pampanga River via the . This area is submerged during the rainy season but is relatively dry during summer.

Flooding[]

The basin experiences, on an average, at least one flooding in a year. The dry season generally occurs from December to May and wet the rest of the year. The wettest months are from July to September. The Pampanga River Basin could handle between 100 to 130 millimetres (3.9 to 5.1 in) of 24-hour rainfall.

Extensive flooding occurred at the Pampanga River Basin in July 1962, May 1966, May 1976, October 1993, August 2003, August 2004, late September–October 2009, and August 2012.

The flooding in September 2011 associated with Pedring (Typhoon Nesat) nearly swallowed all of Pampanga and southern parts of Bulacan.

Very catastrophic and exceptionally severe flooding in the river basin that engulfed the Central Luzon provinces of Pangasinan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac occurred in July and August 1972. The was so extensive that it flooded out 14 provinces in throughout Northern and Central Luzon, plus Metro Manila and Southern Tagalog. The and the Agno River Basin converged over Tarlac, submerging that province.

Flooding of Pampanga River floodplain after Typhoon Quinta, 2020 (view from Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija bridge)

Economic importance[]

At the higher sections of the basin, dams — especially the Pantabangan Dam in Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija — provide irrigation for farms in the province of Nueva Ecija.

At the lower sections of the basin, where the Pampanga delta lies, the Pampanga River system divides into small branches, crisscrossed with fishponds to form a network of sluggish, tidal flats and canals, which eventually find their way to Manila Bay.

With the anticipated completion of the (DPWH), it is expected that flood flows at the lower section of the Pampanga River will recede at a much faster rate.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Vicente B. Tuddao Jr. (September 21, 2011). "Water Quality Management in the Context of Basin Management: Water Quality, River Basin Management and Governance Dynamics in the Philippines" (PDF). www.wepa-db.net. Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  2. ^ Kundel, Jim (June 7, 2007). "Water profile of Philippines". Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  3. ^ "The Pampanga River Basin". Archived from the original on 2012-08-10. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  4. ^ Kenneth Kimutai too (24 July 2018). "Longest Rivers In The Philippines". worldatlas.com. WorldAtlas. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  5. ^ "Pampanga River Basin". River Basin Control Office; Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Retrieved 1 March 2019.

External links[]

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