Revelation 9

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Revelation 9
Papyrus 98 (Rev 1,13-2.1).JPG
Revelation 1:13-2:1 on the verso side of Papyrus 98 from the second century.
BookBook of Revelation
CategoryApocalypse
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part27

Revelation 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] In this chapter, the next two angels' trumpets are sounded, following the sounding of the first four trumpets in chapter 8.[4] These two trumpets and the final trumpet, sounded in chapter 11, are sometimes called the "woe trumpets".[5]

Text[]

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses[]

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:[6][a]

The Fifth Trumpet (9:1–11)[]

The seven angels with seven trumpets, and the angel with a censer, from the Bamberg Apocalypse.

Verse 1[]

Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit.[8]

English nonconformist Moses Lowman explains that "stars, in the language of prophecy, signify angels.[9]

"The key to the bottomless pit" (Biblical Greek: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου, romanized: hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou) is translated as "the key to the shaft of the Abyss" in the New International Version.

Verse 3[]

Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.[10]

These locusts are 'a demonized version of the army of locusts in Joel 2:1–11'.[11]

Verse 4[]

They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree [12]

Early Methodist theologian Joseph Benson says that this instruction "demonstrates that they were not natural but symbolical locusts."[13]

Verse 11[]

Main article: Abaddon
And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.[14][15]

The Vulgate adds a Latin equivalent, latine habens nomen Exterminans, which the Wycliffe Bible explains as "Destroyer". The latter also describes the angel as "the angel of deepness".[16]

The Sixth Trumpet (9:12–21)[]

Verse 16[]

Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them.[17]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus.[7]

References[]

  1. ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
  2. ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
  3. ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
  4. ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
  5. ^ Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Revelation 9, accessed 29 October 2018
  6. ^ Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
  7. ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
  8. ^ Revelation 9:1 NKJV
  9. ^ Lowman, M., Paraphrase and Notes upon the Revelation of St. John (1737, 1745; 1791, 1807), quoted by Joseph Benson in Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
  10. ^ Revelation 9:3 KJV
  11. ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1295.
  12. ^ Revelation 9:4 KJV
  13. ^ Benson, J., Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
  14. ^ Revelation 9:11 NKJV
  15. ^ John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Revelation 9:11
  16. ^ Revelation 9:11: Wycliffe Bible
  17. ^ Revelation 9:16 NKJV

Bibliography[]

  • Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).

External links[]

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