Saint-Étienne

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Saint-Étienne
Prefecture and commune
Coat of arms
show Location of Saint-Étienne Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Saint-Étienne Saint-Étienne Show map of FranceShow map of Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesShow all
Coordinates: 45°26′05″N 4°23′25″E / 45.4347°N 4.3903°E / 45.4347; 4.3903Coordinates: 45°26′05″N 4°23′25″E / 45.4347°N 4.3903°E / 45.4347; 4.3903
Country	France
Region	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department	Loire
Arrondissement	Saint-Étienne
Canton	Saint-Étienne-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Intercommunality	Saint-Étienne Métropole
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Gaël Perdriau[1] (LR)
Area 1	79.97 km2 (30.88 sq mi)
Population  (Jan. 2018)[2]	173,089
• Rank	13th in France
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Stéphanois[3]
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	42218 /42000, 42100
Elevation	422–1,117 m (1,385–3,665 ft) (avg. 516 m or 1,693 ft)
Website	www.saint-etienne.fr
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Saint-Étienne (French pronunciation: ​[sɛ̃t‿etjɛn]; Arpitan: Sant-Etiève; Occitan: Sant Estève, [ˈsantesˈtɛβe]; English: Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, 55 km (34 mi) southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon. Saint-Étienne is the capital of the Loire department.

Saint-Étienne is the 13th most populated commune in France and the 2nd most populated commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saint-Étienne Métropole is the 3rd most populous regional metropolis after Grenoble Alpes and Lyon. The municipality is also at the heart of a vast urban area with more than 519,834 inhabitants in 2016, the seventeenth largest in France by population, comprising 117 municipalities.

Long known as the French city of the "weapon, cycle and ribbon" and a major coal mining centre, Saint-Etienne is currently engaged in a vast urban renewal program aimed at leading the transition from the industrial city inherited from the 19th century to the "design capital" of the 21st century. This approach was recognized with the entry of Saint-Etienne into the UNESCO Creative Cities network in 2010. The city is currently undergoing renewal, with the installation of the Châteaucreux business district, the Steel shopping centre and the Manufacturing creative district.

The city is known for its football club AS Saint-Étienne who has won the Ligue 1 title a record ten times.

History[]

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Named after Saint Stephen, the city first appears in the historical record in the Middle Ages as Saint-Étienne de Furan (after the River Furan, a tributary of the Loire). In the 13th century, it was a small borough around the church dedicated to Saint Etienne. On the upper reaches of the Furan, near the Way of St. James, the had been founded by the Cistercians in 1222. In the late 15th century, it was a fortified village defended by walls built around the original nucleus.

From the 16th century, Saint-Étienne developed an arms manufacturing industry and became a market town. It was this which accounted for the town's importance, although it also became a centre for the manufacture of ribbons and passementerie starting in the 17th century.

Later, it became a mining centre of the Loire coal mining basin, and more recently, has become known for its bicycle industry.

In the first half of the 19th century, it was only a chief town of an arrondissement in the département of the Loire, with a population of 33,064 in 1832. The concentration of industry prompted these numbers to rise rapidly to 110,000 by about 1880. It was this growing importance of Saint-Étienne that led to its being made seat of the prefecture and the departmental administration on 25 July 1855, when it became the chief town in the département and seat of the prefect, replacing Montbrison, which was reduced to the status of chief town of an arrondissement. Saint-Étienne absorbed the commune of Valbenoîte and several other neighbouring localities on 31 March 1855.

Population[]

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Saint-Étienne proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Saint-Étienne absorbed the former communes of Beaubrun, Montaud, Outre-Furent and Valbenoîte in 1855, ceded Planfoy in 1863, absorbed Saint-Victor-sur-Loire and Terrenoire in 1969 and Rochetaillée in 1973.^[4]

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 25,000 —     1800 16,259 −5.96% 1806 18,035 +1.74% 1821 19,102 +0.38% 1831 33,064 +5.64% 1836 41,534 +4.67% 1841 48,554 +3.17% 1846 49,614 +0.43% 1851 56,003 +2.45% 1856 94,432 +11.01% 1861 92,250 −0.47% 1866 96,620 +0.93% 1872 110,814 +2.31% 1876 126,019 +3.27% 1881 123,813 −0.35% 1886 117,875 −0.98% 1891 133,443 +2.51% 1896 136,030 +0.38%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 146,559 +1.50% 1906 146,788 +0.03% 1911 148,656 +0.25% 1921 167,967 +1.23% 1926 193,737 +2.90% 1931 191,088 −0.27% 1936 190,236 −0.09% 1946 177,966 −0.66% 1954 181,730 +0.26% 1962 210,311 +1.84% 1968 223,223 +1.00% 1975 220,181 −0.20% 1982 204,955 −1.02% 1990 199,396 −0.34% 1999 180,210 −1.12% 2007 175,318 −0.34% 2012 171,483 −0.44% 2017 172,565 +0.13%
Source: EHESS[4] and INSEE (1968-2017)[5]

Culture[]

Saint-Étienne became a popular stop for automobile travelers in the early 20th century.

In 1998, Saint-Étienne set up a design biennale, the largest of its kind in France.^[6] It lasts around two weeks. A landmark in the history of the importance ascribed to design in Saint-Étienne was the inauguration of La Cité du design on the site of the former arms factory in 2009.

The city also launched the Massenet Festivals, (the composer Jules Massenet hailed from the area) devoted mainly to perform Massenet's operas. In 2000, the city was named one of the French Towns and Lands of Art and History. On 22 November 2010, it was nominated as "City of Design" as part of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network.^[7]

Saint-Étienne has four museums:

1. the Musée d'Art Moderne has one of the largest collections of modern and contemporary art in France
2. Musée de la Mine
3. Musée d'Art et d'Industrie (fr)
4. Musée du vieux Saint-Etienne (fr)

Climate[]

The climate is temperate at the weather station due to its low altitude, but Saint-Étienne itself is much higher, above 530 m (1739 ft) in downtown, and even above 700 m (2297 ft) in the southern parts of the city. Actually, Saint-Étienne is very close from a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen : Dfb), and is generally the snowiest city of France, with an average of 85 cm (2.79 ft) of snow accumulation per year.

Sport[]

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The city's football club AS Saint-Étienne has won the Ligue 1 title a record ten times, achieving most of their success in the 1970s. The British indie-dance band Saint Etienne named themselves after the club.

St. Étienne has many sports stadiums, the largest being Stade Geoffroy-Guichard used for football and Stade Henri-Lux for athletics. St. Étienne was the capital of the French bicycle industry. The bicycle wheel manufacturer Mavic is based in the city and frame manufacturers Motobécane and Vitus are also based here. The city often hosts a stage of the Tour de France.

St. Étienne resident Thierry Gueorgiou is a world champion in orienteering. The local rugby union team is CA Saint-Étienne Loire Sud Rugby.

Transport[]

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The nearest airport is Saint-Étienne - Bouthéon Airport which is located in Andrézieux-Bouthéon, 12 km (7.46 mi) north-northwest of Saint-Étienne. The main railway station is Gare de Saint-Étienne-Châteaucreux, which offers high speed services to Paris, Lyon (Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway), and several regional lines.

Saint-Étienne is also notable for its tramway (Saint-Étienne tramway) – which uniquely with Lille, it kept throughout the 20th century – and its trolleybus system (Saint-Étienne trolleybus system) – which is one of only three such systems currently operating in France.

Bus and tram transport is regulated and provided by the Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise (STAS), a public transport executive organisation.

The bicycle sharing system Vélivert with 280 short term renting bicycles has been available since June 2010.

Colleges and universities[]

• Jean Monnet University
• École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE or ENSMSE)
• École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne (ENISE)
• Telecom Saint Etienne (TSE)
• EMLYON Business School
• (Ecole National Supérieure d'Architecture de Saint-Étienne)

Notable people[]

Saint-Étienne was the birthplace of

• René Diaz, French journalist and illustrator
• Augustin Dupré (1748–1833), engraver of French coins and medals, France's 14th Graveur général des monnaies
• Claude Fauriel (1772–1844), historian, philologist and critic
• Saint Marcellin Champagnat (1789–1840), Catholic priest and founding members of the Society of Mary (Marist Fathers) who founded the Marist Brothers and was canonised in 1999
• Antonin Moine (1796–1849), sculptor
• Jules Janin (1804–1874), writer and critic
• Francis Garnier (1839–1873), officer and explorer who explored the Mekong River, much to the surprise of the inhabitants
• Jules Massenet (1842–1912), composer best known for his operas
• Paul de Vivie, aka Velocio (1853–1930), publisher of Le Cycliste, early champion of the dérailleur and father of French cycle touring
• Claudine Chomat (1915–1995), member of the French Resistance during World War II, feminist, communist activist
• Jean Bonfils (1921–2007), classical organist and composer
• André Bourgey (1936), geographer
• Jean-Michel Othoniel (1963), contemporary artist
• Bernard Lavilliers (b. 1946), (Bernard Ouillon), singer
• Orlan (1947–), contemporary artist
• Willy Sagnol (b. 1977), French International football player
• Jean Guitton (1901–1999), Catholic philosopher and theologian
• Thierry Gueorgiou (b. 1979), Orienteering world champion
• Norma Ray, singer
• Alexis Ajinca, basketball player
• Sylvain Armand, footballer
• Sliimy, singer
• Aravane Rezai, tennis player
• Loïc Perrin, footballer

It was also the place where Andrei Kivilev died.

International relations[]

Saint-Étienne is twinned with:

Annaba,  Algeria, since 1982 Ben Arous,  Tunisia, since 1994 Bobo Dioulasso,  Burkina Faso, since 2009 Coventry,  United Kingdom, since 1955[11][12][13] Des Moines, Iowa,  United States, since 1984 Ferrara,  Italy, since 1960 Geltendorf,  Germany, since 1966 Granby, Quebec,  Canada, since 1960 Katowice,  Poland, since 1994

Luhansk,  Ukraine, since 1959 Monastir,  Tunisia, since 2012 Nof HaGalil,  Israel, since 1974 Oeiras,  Portugal, since 1995 Patras,  Greece, since 1990 Toamasina,  Madagascar, since 1967 Windsor, Ontario,  Canada, since 1963 Wuppertal,  Germany, since 1960 Xúzhōu,  China, since 1984

See also[]

• Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne
• Stade Geoffroy-Guichard
• Saint-Étienne Cathedral
• Saint-Étienne – Gorges de la Loire Nature Reserve
• André César Vermare Sculptor of Franco-Prussian war memorial.
• Creative Cities Network

References[]

• INSEE commune file

Notes

Bibliography[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint-Étienne.

• Saint-Étienne travel guide from Wikivoyage
• City council website
• Tourist board official website
• Local events website
• Biennale Internationale Design Saint-Etienne
• École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne