South Central United States

Regional definitions vary from source to source. The states shown in dark red are usually included, while all or portions of the striped states may or may not be considered part of the South Central United States.

The South Central United States or South Central states is a region in the south central portion of the Southern United States. It evolved out of the Old Southwest, which originally was the western portion of the South. The states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas (which make up what the Census Bureau Division calls West South Central States) are almost always considered the "core" of the region. As part of the East South Central States sub-group of the Census Bureau classification, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky are also frequently listed under the heading. At the highest extent, Kansas, and Missouri, may be included by some sources. If defined as only its four core states, the region lies almost exclusively in the Central Time Zone (with El Paso being the only major city to observe Mountain Time). At different times, all of the above states were considered part of the Western United States in American history.

History[]

The history of the South Central states is dominated by the conflict and interaction between three cultural-linguistic groups: the Anglosphere (first Great Britain and then the United States), the Hispanidad (first Spain then Mexico), and the Francophonie (always France).

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spain and France maneuvered for control of Texas; with the Spanish based in Mexico, and the French in Louisiana. During the War of the Quadruple Alliance hostilities spread to the New World and the French troops from Natchitoches briefly captured the capital of Spanish Texas, Los Adaes, in what is now western Louisiana. The French were not able to wrest control of Texas from Spain, and by the early 19th century sold their North American holdings to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase, which comprised slightly less than half of what is today the South Central United States.

During the Texas Revolution (1835–1836), a rebellion of United States immigrants and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans), put up an armed resistance against the Centralist Republic of Mexico. The Battle of the Alamo was a major turning point during the Texas Revolution. This battle would lead to many Texians deciding to join the Texian Army. Texians would defeat the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto later on, leading to Texas declaring themselves an independent country in 1836, however Mexico viewed them as a rebellious province. Texas would eventually be admitted as a U.S. state in 1845.

The official West and East South Central states of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee would secede from the Union and join the Confederacy during the Civil War. Kentucky was a border state that remained with the Union. Oklahoma, although Indian Territory at the time, was home to five major Native-American tribes, of which the majority allied themselves with the Confederacy. Oklahoma territory and Indian Territory would merge into the State of Oklahoma, when it became the 46th U.S. state in 1907. All of these states are usually considered to make up a larger part of the American South, both historically and culturally, as well as classified by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Geography[]

The climate varies from the semi-tropical in the Mississippi Delta, South Louisiana, and Southeast Texas, to the dry Chihuahuan desert in West Texas. The southeastern portions include the Appalachian mountains in Alabama and Tennessee and the Piney Woods of East Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas and the Mississippi Delta. A large portion of the northeastern quarter of the region is mountainous, with the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. The northwest quarter of the region is dominated by the Great Plains which become progressively drier west of 100° W, forming the North American Llano Estacado. The southwestern portions border the Rio Grande, and are generally drier than other areas of the South Central United States.

Texas is the largest South Central state by both area and population. Texas is still home to over half the region's population. The largest city in the region, Houston, is located in Texas. New Orleans was tied with Oklahoma City in population but, after Hurricane Katrina, the population of the New Orleans metro area declined to approximately 1 million.^[1] By 2017, the population of New Orleans had bounced back to almost 1.3 million.^[2]

These four states come together in a region known as the Ark-La-Tex region.

Two megaregions exist within this region:

• The Texas Triangle is formed by Interstates 10, 35, and 45 connecting in the shape of a triangle to link the four metropolitan areas of Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio, and Austin.
• The Gulf Coast megaregion is located along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and primarily along the I-10 corridor centered upon the urban areas of Houston and New Orleans, this megaregion extends into the southeastern region.

Major cities[]

City	City population (2018 est.)	Metro population (2018 est.)	U.S. rank
Texas
Houston	2,325,502	6,997,384	4
San Antonio	1,532,233	2,518,036	7
Dallas	1,345,047	7,233,323	9
Austin	964,254	2,168,316	11
Fort Worth	895,008	7,233,323	13
El Paso[a]	682,669	845,553	22
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City	649,021	1,396,445	27
Tulsa	403,035	991,561	47
Louisiana
New Orleans	391,006	1,262,888	50
Baton Rouge	221,599	830,480	99
Arkansas
Little Rock	197,881	738,344	121

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Transportation[]

Major commercial airports^{[13][14][15][16][17]}[]

• Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
• Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport (Little Rock)
• Dallas Love Field
• Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
• El Paso International Airport
• George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston)
• Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
• San Antonio International Airport
• Tulsa International Airport
• Will Rogers World Airport (Oklahoma City)
• William P. Hobby Airport (Houston)

Major interstate highways^{[18][19][20][21]}[]

• Interstate 2
• Interstate 10
• Interstate 12
• Interstate 14
• Interstate 20
• Interstate 27
• Interstate 30
• Interstate 35
  • Interstate 35E
  • Interstate 35W
• Interstate 37
• Interstate 40
• Interstate 44
• Interstate 45
• Interstate 49
• Interstate 55
• Interstate 59
• Interstate 69
  • Interstate 69C
  • Interstate 69E
  • Interstate 69W

Sports[]

Major Professional Teams

Team	Sport	League	Venue	Titles
Austin FC	Soccer	MLS	Q2 Stadium	0
Dallas Cowboys	Football	NFL	AT&T Stadium	5
Dallas Mavericks	Basketball	NBA	American Airlines Center	1
Dallas Stars	Hockey	NHL	American Airlines Center	1
FC Dallas	Soccer	MLS	Toyota Stadium	0
Houston Astros	Baseball	MLB	Minute Maid Park	1
Houston Dynamo	Soccer	MLS	BBVA Stadium	2
Houston Rockets	Basketball	NBA	Toyota Center	2
Houston Texans	Football	NFL	NRG Stadium	0
New Orleans Pelicans	Basketball	NBA	Smoothie King Center	0
New Orleans Saints	Football	NFL	Mercedes-Benz Superdome	1
Oklahoma City Thunder	Basketball	NBA	Chesapeake Energy Arena	1[a]
San Antonio Spurs	Basketball	NBA	AT&T Center	5
Texas Rangers	Baseball	MLB	Globe Life Field	0

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Major College Teams

School	Mascot	Conference
University of Arkansas	Razorbacks	SEC
Baylor University	Bears	Big 12
Louisiana State University	Tigers	SEC
University of Oklahoma	Sooners	Big 12
Oklahoma State University	Cowboys	Big 12
University of Texas	Longhorns	Big 12
Texas A&M University	Aggies	SEC
Texas Christian University	Horned Frogs	Big 12
Texas Tech University	Red Raiders	Big 12

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References[]