Summit for Democracy

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Summit for Democracy
Summit for Democracy Logo.png
CUMBRE VIRTUAL POR LA DEMOCRACIA (SUMMIT FOR DEMOCRACY). QUITO, 09 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2021. (51735451201).jpg
Guillermo Lasso, the President of Ecuador, participating in the summit
Host country United States
DatesDecember 9–10, 2021
Venue(s)Virtual
Participants111
Websitewww.state.gov/summit-for-democracy/
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken

The Summit for Democracy was a virtual summit hosted by the United States "to renew democracy at home and confront autocracies abroad" on December 9–10, 2021.[1][2] The three themes are defending against authoritarianism, addressing and fighting corruption, and advancing respect for human rights.[3]

Event chronology[]

The schedule was as follows:[4]

Day 1[]

With opening remarks from United States President Joe Biden, the New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern made remarks about bolstering democratic resilience in the age of COVID-19 followed by panel discussions. Next topic was about preventing corruption since the conference coincided with the two-day International Anti-Corruption Day and Human Rights Day.[5]

Day 2[]

Discussions about protecting human rights considered the issue of empowering human rights defenders and independent media. During the intersession remarks, Hong Kong democracy activist Nathan Law made a speech.[a] Discussions about strengthening democratic institutions and preventive measures to stop authoritarianism from happening were held. Threats to democracy in the digital age were also discussed regarding digital surveillance. The day ended with closing remarks from Biden.

List of invited participants[]

  Summit for Democracy invited participants
  Dependent and autonomous territories of invited participants

The United States calls invited attendees "participants", in recognition that some attendees, such as Taiwan, are not states recognized by the United Nations or by the U.S., or Kosovo, which is not fully recognized by the United Nations member states.[6][7][8]

Participant Region Attending?[9] Democracy Index[10]
 Angola Africa Yes[11] 3.66
 Botswana Africa Yes[12] 7.62
 Cape Verde Africa Yes[13] 7.65
 DR Congo Africa Yes[14] 1.13
 Ghana Africa Yes[15] 6.50
 Kenya Africa Yes[16] 5.05
 Liberia Africa Yes[17] 5.32
 Malawi Africa Yes[18] 5.74
 Mauritius Africa Yes[19] 8.14
 Namibia Africa Yes[20] 6.52
 Niger Africa Yes[21] 3.29
 Nigeria Africa Yes[22] 4.10
 São Tomé and Príncipe Africa Yes[23]
 Senegal Africa Yes[24] 5.67
 Seychelles Africa Yes[25]
 South Africa Africa No[26] 7.05
 Zambia Africa Yes[27] 4.86
 Antigua and Barbuda Americas Yes[28]
 Argentina Americas Yes[29] 6.95
 Bahamas Americas Yes[30]
 Barbados Americas Yes[31]
 Belize Americas Yes[32]
 Brazil Americas Yes[33] 6.92
 Canada Americas Yes[34] 9.24
 Chile Americas Yes[35] 8.28
 Colombia Americas Yes[36] 7.04
 Costa Rica Americas Yes[37] 8.16
 Dominica Americas Yes[38]
 Dominican Republic Americas Yes[39] 6.32
 Ecuador Americas Yes[40] 6.13
 Grenada Americas Yes[41]
 Guyana Americas Yes[42] 6.01
 Jamaica Americas Yes[43] 7.13
 Mexico Americas Yes[44] 6.07
 Panama Americas Yes[45] 7.18
 Paraguay Americas Yes[46] 6.18
 Peru Americas Yes[47] 6.53
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Americas Yes[48]
 Saint Lucia Americas Yes[49]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Americas Yes[50]
 Suriname Americas Yes[51] 6.82
 Trinidad and Tobago Americas Yes[52] 7.16
 United States Americas Yes 7.92
 Uruguay Americas Yes[53] 8.61
 East Timor Asia 7.06
 India Asia Yes[54] 6.61
 Indonesia Asia Yes[55] 6.30
 Iraq Asia Yes[56] 3.62
 Israel Asia Yes[57] 7.84
 Japan Asia Yes[58] 8.13
 South Korea Asia Yes[59] 8.01
 Malaysia Asia 7.19
 Maldives Asia Yes[60]
 Mongolia Asia 6.48
   Nepal Asia Yes[61] 5.22
 Pakistan Asia No[62] 4.31
 Philippines Asia Yes[63] 6.56
 Republic of China Asia Yes[64] 8.94
 Albania Europe Yes[65] 6.08
 Armenia Europe Yes[66] 5.35
 Austria Europe Yes[67] 8.16
 Belgium Europe Yes[68] 7.51
 Bulgaria Europe Yes[69] 6.71
 Croatia Europe Yes[70] 6.50
 Czech Republic Europe Yes[71] 7.67
 Cyprus Europe Yes[72] 7.56
 Denmark Europe Yes[73] 9.15
 Estonia Europe Yes[74] 7.84
 European Union Europe Yes[75][76][77][78]
 Finland Europe Yes[79] 9.20
 France Europe Yes[80] 7.99
 Georgia Europe Yes[81] 5.31
 Germany Europe Yes[82] 8.67
 Greece Europe Yes[83] 7.39
 Iceland Europe Yes[84] 9.37
 Ireland Europe Yes[85] 9.05
 Italy Europe Yes[86] 7.74
 Kosovo Europe Yes[87]
 Latvia Europe Yes[88] 7.24
 Lithuania Europe Yes[89] 7.13
 Luxembourg Europe Yes[90] 8.68
 Malta Europe Yes[91] 7.68
 Moldova Europe Yes[92] 5.78
 Montenegro Europe Yes[93] 5.77
 Netherlands Europe Yes[94] 8.96
 North Macedonia Europe Yes[95] 5.89
 Norway Europe Yes[96] 9.81
 Poland Europe Yes[97] 6.85
 Portugal Europe Yes[98] 7.90
 Romania Europe Yes[99] 6.40
 Serbia Europe Yes[100] 6.22
 Slovakia Europe Yes[101] 6.97
 Slovenia Europe Yes[102] 7.54
 Spain Europe Yes[103] 8.12
 Sweden Europe Yes[104] 9.26
  Switzerland Europe Yes[105] 8.83
 Ukraine Europe Yes[106] 5.81
 United Kingdom Europe Yes[107] 8.54
 Australia Oceania Yes[108] 8.96
 Fiji Oceania Yes[109] 5.72
 Kiribati Oceania Yes[9]
 Marshall Islands Oceania Yes[110]
 Micronesia Oceania Yes[111]
 Nauru Oceania Yes[112]
 New Zealand Oceania Yes[113] 9.25
 Palau Oceania Yes[114]
 Papua New Guinea Oceania 6.10
 Samoa Oceania Yes[115]
 Solomon Islands Oceania
 Tonga Oceania
 Tuvalu Oceania
 Vanuatu Oceania

Criticism[]

The summit's guestlist was criticized for inviting participants based on the political interests of the United States, not on its democracy ratings. University of Sydney politics professor John Keane said the guestlist was a "cynically drawn up, bureaucratically crafted, agency-structured invitation list that includes states that by any measure are falling way down the democracy rankings or aren't democracies at all".[116]

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, accused of crimes against humanity, accepted President Biden's invitation to join the Summit for Democracy. According to ICHRP Chairperson Peter Murphy, "Duterte’s reign of terror and mass murder, which have provoked an ICC investigation of crimes against humanity, would seem to disqualify him from providing advice on anything except fascist populism, repression and human rights violations."[117]

Despite several democracy watchdogs calling India and Brazil as a backsliding democracies, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro participated in the Summit for Democracy.[118][119]

By embracing some countries and leaving others out on unexplained grounds, the U.S. has squandered an opportunity to unite world. China and Russia were not invited while Taiwan was invited which is not a state and not even recognized by United Nations. Many observers believe that this summit was intended to isolate and provoke China and Russia on global stage and such summit will divide the world and not unite

. Due to these reasons some countries abstained from attending the summit such as Pakistan.

Some invited countries, such as Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Iraq, were deemed "not free" in the democracy watchdog Freedom House’s latest “Freedom in the World” report. [119]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Hong Kong's democracy index in 2020 was 5.47.

References[]

  1. ^ "The Summit for Democracy—American Leadership or Photo Op?". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  2. ^ Toosi, Nahal. "An 'Illustrative Menu of Options': Biden's big democracy summit is a grab bag of vague ideas". POLITICO. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  3. ^ "The Summit for Democracy". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  4. ^ "SUMMARY AGENDA". United States Department of State.
  5. ^ Ardern, Jacinda (10 December 2021). "NZ attends US President's Democracy Summit". Beehive.govt.nz. Ministry of Health. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  6. ^ "The Summit for Democracy - Participant List". U.S. Department of State. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  7. ^ "Biden administration invites Taiwan to the Summit for Democracy, a move likely to anger China". CNBC News. Reuters. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  8. ^ "Countries and/or governments invited to the Summit for Democracy in 2021". Politico.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ a b "Official Interventions - The Summit for Democracy". United States Department of State. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  10. ^ 2020
  11. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Angola for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  12. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Botswana for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  13. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Cabo Verde for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  14. ^ Summit Participant Statement of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  15. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Ghana for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  16. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Kenya for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  17. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Liberia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  18. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Malawi for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  19. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Mauritius for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  20. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Namibia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  21. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Niger for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  22. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Nigeria for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  23. ^ Summit Participant Statement of São Tomé and Príncipe for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  24. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Senegal for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  25. ^ African leaders set to speak at Summit for Democracy
  26. ^ Daily Maverick 'Ramaphosa gives US president’s democracy summit the cold shoulder', retrieved 2021-12-10
  27. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Zambia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  28. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Antigua & Barbuda for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  29. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Argentina for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  30. ^ Summit Participant Statement of The Bahamas for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  31. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Barbados for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  32. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Belize for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  33. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Brazil for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  34. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Canada for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  35. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Chile for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  36. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Colombia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  37. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Costa Rica for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  38. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Dominica for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  39. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Dominican Republic for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  40. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Ecuador for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  41. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Grenada for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  42. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Guyana for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  43. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Jamaica for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  44. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Mexico for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  45. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Panama for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  46. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Paraguay for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  47. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Peru for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  48. ^ Summit Participant Statement of St. Kitts for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  49. ^ Summit Participant Statement of St. Lucia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  50. ^ Summit Participant Statement of St. Vincent and the Grenadines for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  51. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Suriname for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  52. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Trinidad and Tobago for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  53. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Uruguay for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  54. ^ Summit Participant Statement of India for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  55. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Indonesia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  56. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Iraq for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  57. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Israel for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  58. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Japan for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  59. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Republic of Korea for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  60. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Maldives for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  61. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Nepal for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  62. ^ Haidar, Suhasini (2021-12-09). "Imran Khan to skip Biden's democracy summit, PM Modi to speak about democratic commitments". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  63. ^ Summit Participant Statement of the Philippines for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  64. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Taiwan for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  65. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Albania for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  66. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Armenia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  67. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Austria for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  68. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Belgium for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  69. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Bulgaria for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  70. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Croatia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  71. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Czech Republic for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  72. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Cyprus for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  73. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Denmark for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  74. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Estonia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  75. ^ Summit Participant Statement of the European Union (Commission) for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  76. ^ Summit Participant Statement of the European Union (Council) for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  77. ^ Despite Hungary's position to bloc EU from formally attending, President of the European Council and President of the European Commission both attended
  78. ^ "Biden sees if a snub will get Orbán's attention". POLITICO. 2021-12-09. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  79. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Finland for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  80. ^ Summit Participant Statement of France for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  81. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Georgia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  82. ^ Hebestreit, Steffen (9 December 2021). "Kanzler @OlafScholz hat heute am #SummitforDemocracy unter der Leitung von @Potus Biden teilgenommen. Er unterstrich dabei das Einstehen für die demokratischen Werte, die in den letzten Jahren immer stärker unter Druck geraten sind". Twitter. Retrieved 11 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  83. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Greece for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  84. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Iceland for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  85. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Ireland for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  86. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Italy for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  87. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Kosovo for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  88. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Latvia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  89. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Lithuania for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  90. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Luxembourg for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  91. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Malta for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  92. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Moldova for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  93. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Montenegro for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  94. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Netherlands for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  95. ^ Summit Participant Statement of North Macedonia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  96. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Norway for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  97. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Poland for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  98. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Portugal for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  99. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Romania for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  100. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Serbia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  101. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Slovakia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  102. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Slovenia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  103. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Spain for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  104. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Sweden for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  105. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Switzerland for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  106. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Ukraine for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  107. ^ Summit Participant Statement of the United Kingdom for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  108. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Australia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  109. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Fiji for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  110. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Marshall Islands for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  111. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Micronesia for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  112. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Nauru for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  113. ^ Summit Participant Statement of New Zealand for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  114. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Palau for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-10
  115. ^ Summit Participant Statement of Samoa for 2021 'Summit for Democracy', retrieved 2021-12-11
  116. ^ "Congo in, China out: Biden's democracy summit guest list raises eyebrows". Sydney Morning Herald. 2021-12-09. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
  117. ^ "Biden's Summit For Democracy: A Showcase For Populist Autocrats And Human Rights Violators". Scoop. December 9, 2021.
  118. ^ "Joe Biden's Democracy Summit Is the Height of Hypocrisy". Time. December 10, 2021.
  119. ^ a b "Diplomacy Alone Can't Save Democracy". The Atlantic. December 10, 2021.

See also[]

  • American empire
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