Teleuts
Altay: тэлэңэт, тэлэңут Telenget, Telengut | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia
| 2,643[1] |
| Languages | |
| Southern Altai Teleut | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Russian Orthodox Minority Sunni Islam, shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Altaians, Chelkans, Khakas, Kumandins, Shors, Tofalar | |
Teleuts (Altay: тэлэңэт, тэлэңут, romanized: Telenget, Telengut) are a Turkic indigenous people of Siberia living in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia.[2] According to the 2002 census, there were 2,650 Teleuts in Russia. They speak the Southern Altai Teleut language/dialect.[3][4]
In the Soviet years and until 2000, the authorities considered the Teleuts to be part of the Altai people. Currently, according to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 255 dated March 24, 2000, as well as 2002 and 2010 Russian Census, they are recognized as a separate ethnic group within indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.
History[]
The Teleuts were once part of the Tiele people. They came under the rule of the First Turkic Khaganate. The Teleuts emerged from the result of Kipchaks and Mongols mixing together.[5] Near the end of the 16th century, the Teleuts wandered the steppe between the Irtysh and the Ob'. They became nominal subjects to the Oirats at this period. Their population at this time numbered 4,000 tents.[6]
The Russians gained control of the region in the mid-eighteenth century and the Teleuts subsequently became their subjects.[5] The Russians called the Teleuts "White Kalmyks" in their documents despite the ethnic and linguistic differences between the Kalmyks and Teleuts.[6]
The Teleuts consider themselves to be a distinct people and many don't accept being labeled as Altaian.[7] The majority of the Teleuts live along the Great and Little Bachat Rivers in Kemerovo Oblast. However, a few Teleuts also live in the Altai Republic.[6]
Culture[]
Most Teleuts used to be nomadic or semi-nomadic livestock herders and horses, goats, cattle, and sheep were the most common types of animals they raised. Some Teleuts were hunters and relied on animals living in the taiga for subsistence.[5]
Traditional Teleut dwellings included conic yurts made out of bark or perches.[5]
Common Teleut dress was composed of linen shirts, short breeches, and single-breasted robes.[5]
Religion[]
Most Teleuts are Orthodox Christians. However, there is a significant minority that practice shamanism and Sunni Islam.[6][5] Burkhanism is practiced by some Altaians as well.[5]
See also[]
- Altay language
- Altayans
- Telengits
- Turkic peoples
References[]
- ^ Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity (in Russian)
- ^ Library of Congress - Classification Web : web link
- ^ Nevskaya I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
- ^ Altai Republic - Teleuts (Республика Алтай - Телеуты) : web link Archived 2006-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Encyclopedia of the world's minorities. Skutsch, Carl., Ryle, Martin (J. Martin). New York: Routledge. 2005. pp. 82–83. ISBN 1-57958-392-X.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 435–436. ISBN 0-7103-0025-5.
- ^ Mote, Victor L. (1998). Siberia: Worlds Apart. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 138. ISBN 0-8133-1298-1.
External links[]
- Association of the Teleut People (in Russian)
- ELAR archive of Documentation and Analysis of the Endangered Teleut Language
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- Turkic peoples of Asia
- Indigenous peoples of North Asia
- Ethnic groups in Russia
- Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
- Indigenous peoples in the Arctic
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