Tahtacı

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For the village in Turkey, see Tahtacı, Burhaniye.
Tahtacı
Tahtacılar
Tahtacılar4.jpg
Total population
apprx. 300.000[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Turkey: Mediterranean Region, Aegean Region
Languages
Turkish
Religion
Islam (Alevism), historically Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Turkish people and other Turkic peoples

Tahtacı (Turkish: Tahtacılar, lit. 'woodworkers') are Alevi Yörüks living mainly in the forested areas of Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Tahtacıs engage woodworking since the Ottoman periods.[2] They are thought to be descendants of the historical Ağaçeri tribe (from Turkish: ağaç eri, lit. 'forest men'),[3] the supposed descendants of the Akatziri tribe that lived north of the Black Sea in the 5th century AD,[a] however, Peter Benjamin Golden argued that this thesis was not "firmly grounded in anything beyond phonetic resemblance".[5]

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History[]

Main article: Oghuz Turks § Traditional tribal organization
Illustration of physical characteristics of male Tahtacı

Tahtacı originate from the Üçok (three arrows) Turkomans.[6] The Tahtacı in Taurus mountains felled timber, which was then sent from Antalya, Alanya, Finike and other ports. The export of timber was a government monopoly, custom receipts from timber and pitch reaching about 3,500 gold ducats in 1477.[7]: 128 

Tahtacı Women perform Semah

When Timur took Turkestan and Greater Khorasan under his rule, some of the Agaceris, who had to leave their homeland, settled in Iran and the majority in Anatolia. According to some other sources, the Tahtaci have a lineage that dates back to the Huns. After the collapse of the Great Hun Empire, a branch of the Huns who migrated to the West came to Anatolia via Erzurum in 395. A great migration wave also took place in 466, and the Agaceri Turkish tribes belonging to the European Huns came and settled in Anatolia. After the Mongols invaded Anatolia, Agaceris who came here migrated to Syria and Iraq this time. It is accepted that some of them returned to Anatolia in 1405 after Timur's death and were known as 'Tahtacı' from this period. It is known that Mehmed the Conqueror brought Tahtacı people from the villages in the Kaz Mountains of Balıkesir for the construction of the ships used during the conquest of Istanbul in 1453.[8] In the written sources, the name Tahtacı is first encountered in the Ottoman tax population cadastral registers in the 16th century as “Cemāat-ı Tahtacıyān”.[9]

Settlement areas in Turkey[]

Tahtacıs mainly live in Mersin, Adana, Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Burdur, Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir and Çanakkale.[10]

Villages in Mersin Province:

  • Toroslar: Dalakderesi, Düğdüören, Bekiralanı, Kuzucubelen
  • Erdemli: Tömük
  • Silifke: Sayağzı, Kırtıl
  • Mut: Yazalanı, Kayabaşı, Keleceköy, Kamaçukuru Köprübaşı
  • Tarsus: Çamalan, Kaburgediği
  • Anamur: Kaşdişlen
  • Bozyazı: Çubukkoyağı, Bahçekoyağı, Tekedüzü

Villages in Antalya Province:

Villages in Balıkesir Province:

  • Balıkesir: Türkali
  • Burhaniye: Pelitköy, Tahtacı, Taşçılar
  • Edremit: Arıtaşı, Çamcı, Doyran, Hacıhasanlar, Kavlaklar, Kızılçukur, Mehmetalan, Poyratlı, Tahtakuşlar, Yassıçalı
  • Kepsut: Mehmetler
  • Savaştepe: Kongurca

Villages in Çanakkale Province:

  • Çanakkale Province: Akçeşme, Aykınoba, Çiftlikdere, Damyeri, Daşbaşı, Değirmendere, Denizgöründü, Elmacık, Gürecik, Kayadere, Kemerdere, Yenimahalle
  • Ayvacık: Bahçedere, Çakalini, Çiftlik, Durdağı, Güzelköy, Kokulutaş, Kıztaşı, Uzunalan
  • Bayramiç: Güven, Karıncalı
  • Ezine: Derbentbaşı, Eğridere, Koşuburun

Religion[]

Tahtacıs are Qizilbash Alevis. Although there is evidence of Shamanism in their beliefs and lifestyles, this culture they preserve has been blended with Alevism beliefs and customs. Tahtacı Turkomans put their favourite items and clothes their grave, which is a part of the shamanistic belief.[11] Ahmad Yasawi and Pir Sultan Abdal are one of the most respected religious figures among Tahtacı.[12] Bektashism was particularly strong among Turkomans of Taurus mountains (principally the Tahtaci and Varsak tribes).[7]: 194 

Culture[]

Tahtacı have always lived together with nature throughout history. They have a great cultural richness with their clothing, handicrafts and food cultures. In terms of customs and traditions, they carry traces of Central Asian Turkish culture. Men and women work together in woodworking, which they pursue as a craft. Some people, due to the decreasing public pressure after the declaration of the Republic, divided into various occupational groups.[13]

Notes[]

  1. ^

    Although some researchers attribute the origin of the Ağaçeris to a tribe called Akatzir who lived in Russia in the 5th century, Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, Bar Hebraeus, Rashid al-Din Hamadani and Al-Maqrizi states that Agaceris are of Turkmen origin. Rashid al-Din states that the name "Ağaçeri" did not exist in ancient times, and that they were called by that name because a community of Oghuz people who came to the Near East and settled in a forested area.[4]

    — Faruk Sümer

References[]

  1. ^ Kuşçi, Ahmet. "ORTA TOROS TAHTACILARI (TARİH VE KÜLTÜR)" (PDF).
  2. ^ Erol Duran (2013). International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic (PDF). 8. Ankara, Turkey: Turkish Studies. pp. 925–941.
  3. ^ "TAHTACILAR Batı ve Güney Anadolu'da bulunan Alevî inançlı Türkmen topluluğu.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.
  4. ^ Faruk Sümer (1988–2016). "AĞAÇERİLER XIII-XV. yüzyıllarda Maraş-Elbistan ve Malatya yörelerinde yaşayan büyük bir Türkmen topluluğu". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
  5. ^ Golden, Peter B. (2011). Hriban, Cǎtǎlin (ed.). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. p. 136.
  6. ^ "Turkmen culture comes alive at Tahtacı museum". DailySabah.
  7. ^ a b Halil İnalcık (1973). The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600.
  8. ^ [1] Archived 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Dr. İsmail Engin, Tahtacılar, Tahtacı Kimliğine ve Demografisine Giriş, Ant Yayınları, 1998.
  9. ^ Çıblak, Nilgün (2003). “Mersin Tahtacı Kültüründeki Terimler Üzerine Bir Deneme” Archived 12 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Folklor / Edebiyat, C.IX, S. XXXIII, ss.217-238.
  10. ^ Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. pp. 288–294.
  11. ^ Efe, Recep; Soykan, Abdullah; Cürebal, İsa; Sönmez, Süleyman (March 19, 2014). "Geographical Symbols in Beliefs of the Tahtacı Turkomans Around Kaz Mountain, W Turkey". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 120: 46–52. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.080.
  12. ^ Ümmü Bulut, Hüseyin Bal (2015). "SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences" (36): 81–102. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  13. ^ [2] Archived 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Veli Asan, Tahtacı Türkmenlerde Baş Bağlama, Cem Dergisi, S. 71, 1997.
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