Tellurium tetrachloride
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Names | |
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IUPAC names
Tellurium(IV) chloride
Tetratellurium hexadecachloride | |
Other names
Tellurium chloride
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.038 ![]() |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
[TeCl4]4 | |
Molar mass | 1077.64 g/mol |
Appearance | hygroscopic pale yellow solid (if fused, maroon liquid) |
Density | 3.26 g/cm3, solid |
Melting point | 224 °C (435 °F; 497 K) |
Boiling point | 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) |
Structure | |
Monoclinic, mS80 | |
C12/c1, No. 15 | |
Distorted octahedral (Te) | |
Seesaw (gas phase) | |
Dipole moment
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2.59 D (gas phase) |
Hazards | |
Main hazards | Toxic, corrosive, respiratory irritant |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Tellurium tetrafluoride Tellurium tetrabromide Tellurium tetraiodide |
Other cations
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Selenium tetrachloride Polonium tetrachloride |
Related compounds
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Tellurium dichloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Infobox references | |
Tellurium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula TeCl4. The compound is volatile, subliming at 200 °C at 0.1 mmHg.[1] Molten TeCl4 is ionic, dissociating into TeCl3+ and Te2Cl102−.[1]
Structure[]
TeCl4 is monomeric in the gas phase, with a structure similar to that of SF4.[2] In the solid state, it is a tetrameric cubane-type cluster, consisting of a Te4Cl4 core and three terminal chloride ligands for each Te. Alternatively, this tetrameric structure can be considered as a Te4 tetrahedron with face-capping chlorines and three terminal chlorines per tellurium atom, giving each tellurium atom a distorted octahedral environment
Synthesis[]
TeCl4 is prepared by chlorination of tellurium powder:
- Te + 2 Cl2 → TeCl4
The reaction is initiated with heat. The product is isolated by distillation.[3]
Applications[]
TeCl4 is of occasional interest in organic synthesis.[4] It adds to alkenes to give Cl-C-C-TeCl3 derivatives, wherein the Te can be subsequently removed with sodium sulfide. Electron-rich arenes react to give aryl Te compounds. Thus, anisole gives TeCl2(C6H4OMe)2, which can be reduced to the diaryl telluride.
Safety considerations[]
As is the case for other tellurium compounds, TeCl4 is toxic. It also releases HCl upon hydrolysis.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
- ^ Suttle, J. F.; Smith, C. R. F. (1950). Audrieth, Ludwig F. (ed.). Tellurium(IV) chloride. Inorganic Syntheses. 3. pp. 140–2. doi:10.1002/9780470132340. ISBN 978-0-470-13162-6.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Petragnani, N.; Comasseto, J. V. (1991). "Tellurium Reagents in Organic Synthesis; Recent Advances. Part 1". Synthesis. 1991 (10): 793–817. doi:10.1055/s-1991-26577. and Petragnani, N.; Comasseto, J. V. (1991). "Tellurium Reagents in Organic Synthesis; Recent Advances. Part 2". Synthesis. 1991 (11): 897–919. doi:10.1055/s-1991-26605.
- Tellurium compounds
- Chlorides
- Tellurium halides
- Deliquescent substances
- Chalcohalides