Timeline of Mashhad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mashhad, Iran.

Prior to 20th century[]

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• 330 BC - Passage and residence of Alexander the Great during his Persian campaign.^[1][2][3][4] Probably the first settlement in the modern city area.^[5][6]
• 818 - Death of Ali al-Ridha (8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam) at Sanābādh; Imam Reza shrine established.^[7]
• 970s-990s - Imam Reza shrine demolished "in an act of fanaticism" by Ghaznavid Nāṣer-al-dawla Sübüktigin.^[8]
• 1009 - Imam Reza shrine rebuilt.^[8]
• 1121 - Town wall built.^[7]
• 1161 - Mashhad sacked by Ghuzz Turks.^[7]
• 1389 - Nearby Tus besieged and "left a heap of ruins" by forces of Timurid Miran Shah; refugees flee to Mashhad.^[7]
• 1418 - Goharshad Mosque built.^[9]
• 1426 - Bala-yi sar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine.^[9]
• 1439 - Du-dar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine.^[9]
• 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Mashhad as a holy city (approximate date).^[7][10]
• 1507 - Mashhad taken by forces of Uzbek Muhammad Shaybani.^[7]
• 1544 - Mashhad sacked by Uzbek forces.^[7]
• 1589 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Shaybanid Abd al-Mumin.^[7]
• 1598 - Mashhad taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia; Uzbeks defeated.^[7]
• 1722 - Afghan Abdalis in power.^[7]
• 1726 - Mashhad besieged by Persian forces.^[7]
• 1753 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Afghan Ahmad Shah Durrani.^[7]
• 1803 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Fath Ali Shah.^[7]
• 1849 - Mashhad taken by forces of Husam al-Saltana.^[11]
• 1876 - Palace of Abbas Mirza built.^[11]

20th century[]

• 1912 - 29 March: Bombing of city by Russians.^[11]
• 1918
  • Mashhad municipality (administrative entity) formed.^[12]
  • Kashef al-molk becomes mayor.^[12]
• 1920 - Population: 70,000-80,000 (approximate estimate).^[13]
• 1925 / 1304 SH - 31 March: Solar Hijri calendar legally adopted in Iran.
• 1949 - Razavi University established.
• 1959 - Nader Shah Mausoleum erected.^[14]
• 1963 - Population: 312,186 (estimate).^[15]
• 1964 - Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum inaugurated.
• 1966 - Mashhad railway station opens.
• 1968 -  [fa] (cinema) established.^{[chronology citation needed]}
• 1970 -  [fa] (cinema) established.^{[chronology citation needed]}
• 1971 -  [fa] (cinema) established.^{[chronology citation needed]}
• 1980 -  [fa] (zoo) established.^{[chronology citation needed]}
• 1982 - Population: 1,120,000 (estimate).^[16]
• 1983 - Samen Stadium opens.
• 1995 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi new building opens.
• 1996 - Population: 1,887,405.^[17]

21st century[]

• 2004
  • Proma Hypermarket in business.
  • City becomes part of the newly formed Razavi Khorasan Province.
• 2011
  • Mashhad Urban Railway begins operating.
  • Siah Jamegan Aboumoslem Khorasan F.C. (football club) formed.
  •  [fa] (velodrome) opens.^{[chronology citation needed]}
  • Imam Reza Stadium construction begins.
  • Population: 2,766,258.^[18]
• 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
• 2014
  • Sowlat Mortazavi becomes mayor.^[12]
  • City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 5.

See also[]

• History of Mashhad [fa]
•  [fa]
• Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Qom, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd

References[]

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mashhad.

• Items related to Mashhad, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
• "(Mashhad)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
• Items related to Mashhad, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Mashhad, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
• "(Mashhad)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century