TransJakarta

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Jakarta BRT – TransJakarta
Logo transjakarta.svg
TransJakarta logo
Overview
LocaleGreater Jakarta, Indonesia
Transit typeBus Rapid Transit
Number of lines13 BRT[1] (2 planned)
see more
Number of stations244[2]
Daily ridership1.006 million/day (2020)[3]
Annual ridership264.61 million (2019)[4]
Websitetransjakarta.co.id
Operation
Began operation15 January 2004 [1]
Operator(s)see below
Technical
System length251.2 kilometres (156.1 mi)[2]

TransJakarta (stylised as transjakarta) is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Jakarta, Indonesia. The first BRT system in Southeast Asia, it commenced operations on 15 January 2004 to provide a fast public transport system to help reduce rush hour traffic. The system is considered as the first revolutionary public transit mode in the capital city of Indonesia.[5] The buses run in dedicated lanes, and ticket prices are subsidised by the regional government. TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT system (251.2 km in length),[6][2] which operates about 3,900 buses. As of February 2020, it serves an average of 1.006 million passengers daily.[3]

TransJakarta articulated buses at Harmoni Central Station

TransJakarta system is operated by municipally-owned company PT Transportasi Jakarta. However, its fleet is operated by various companies aside of the company itself.

History and development[]

TransJakarta bus on the dedicated bus lane separated from heavy traffic
Corridor 13 features dedicated overpass.

TransJakarta was built to provide a fast, comfortable, and affordable mass transportation system. To accomplish those objectives, the buses were given lanes restricted to other traffic and separated by concrete blocks on the streets that became part of the busway routes. The first TransJakarta line opened to the public on 15 January 2004.[7][8] It was free for the first two weeks, after which commercial operations started on 1 February 2004.

At present, TransJakarta has 13 primary routes and ten cross-corridor routes.[1] In addition, there are 18 "feeder" routes that serve beyond the exclusive busway corridors to serve satellite cities in Greater Jakarta.[5] The number of TransJakarta buses has also increased dramatically, from 605 buses in 2015 to 4,300 in 2020.[9] The fare has remained Rp 3,500 (27 US cents) per passenger since operations began.[10] The service set a record in 2018 when it carried 730,000 passengers per day, a significant jump from 331,000 per day in 2015.[11] About 189.8 million passengers used TransJakarta in 2018 and targeted to serve one million passengers daily.[12] In November 2020, TransJakarta won the 2021 Sustainable Transport Award.[13]

As of September 2019, Transjakarta is currently testing electric buses,[14][15] with Bundaran Senayan – Monas as its first route.[16]

Operations[]

During the Transitional LSSR, TransJakarta publicly operates from 5:00 am to 10:00 pm. A special service for medical staff is available from 10:00 pm to 11:00 pm.

Characteristics[]

The characteristics of TransJakarta listed in an Asian Development Bank study are:[17]

  • Closed Trunk System without a Feeder System
  • Elevated Platform for Rapid Boarding and Alighting
  • Public Sector Bus Procurement and Private Sector Bus Operation
  • Operating at 450,000 passengers/day (2016)

Routes[]

Main article: TransJakarta Corridors

15 corridors were initially planned, 13 of which are currently operational. Corridors 1 until 12 operates at a ground level, separated from mixed traffic by roadblocks. Corridor 13 is the first route to feature a dedicated elevated track.[18] Corridors 14 and 15 are planned to feature grade-separated elevated tracks as well.

Other than the 13 main corridors, TransJakarta operates 33 direct BRT routes, 71 feeder routes (Partially integrated to the BRT system), 13 suburban routes to satellite cities, 22 routes serving low-cost apartments, 70 micro bus routes and 13 Royal Trans routes.

Corridor # Origin-Destination Opened BRT Standard[19]
TransJakarta roundel 1.svg Kota – Blok M 15 January 2004 Silver
TransJakarta roundel 2.svg Pulo Gadung – Harmoni 15 January 2006 Bronze
TransJakarta roundel 3.svg Kalideres – Pasar Baru 15 January 2006 Bronze
TransJakarta roundel 4.svg Pulo Gadung – Tosari 27 January 2007 Bronze
TransJakarta roundel 5.svg Ancol – Kampung Melayu 27 January 2007 Bronze
TransJakarta roundel 6.svg Dukuh Atas 2 – Ragunan 27 January 2007 Bronze
TransJakarta roundel 7.svg Kampung Melayu – Kampung Rambutan 27 January 2007 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 8.svg Lebak Bulus – Harmoni 21 February 2009 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 9.svg Pluit – Pinang Ranti 31 December 2010 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 10.svg Tanjung Priok – PGC 2 31 December 2010 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 11.svg Kampung Melayu – Pulo Gebang 28 December 2011 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 12.svg Penjaringan – Tanjung Priok[20][21] 14 February 2013 Basic BRT
TransJakarta roundel 13.svg Ciledug – Tendean – Blok M 14 August 2017 (TBC)
TransJakarta Corridor 14 Blok M – Pondok Kelapa (planned) (TBC)
TransJakarta Corridor 15 Manggarai – Depok (planned) (TBC)
TransJakarta system map as of 2016

Timeline of routes[]

  • 15 January 2004: Corridor 1, (Blok M to Kota) (soft launch)
  • 1 February 2004: Corridor 1, (Blok M to Kota) (commercial service)
  • 15 January 2006: Corridor 2, (Pulo Gadung to Harmoni) and Corridor 3, (Kalideres to Pasar Baru) opened
  • 27 January 2007: Corridor 4, (Pulo Gadung to Dukuh Atas 2), Corridor 5, (Kp. Melayu to Ancol), Corridor 6, (Halimun to Ragunan) and Corridor 7, (Kampung Rambutan to Kampung Melayu) opened
  • 21 February 2009: Corridor 8, (Lebak Bulus to Harmoni) opened
  • 31 December 2010: Corridor 9, (Pluit to Pinang Ranti) and Corridor 10, (PGC Cililitan to Tanjung Priok) opened.
  • 18 March 2011: Corridor 9 was the only corridor serving until 11.00 pm. Followed by Corridor 1, with transit point with Corridor 9 at Semanggi shelter. The night service, however, stops only at certain shelters.[22][23]
  • 20 May 2011: Corridor 2 and Corridor 3 initialised to serve until 11.00 pm, but only open nine shelters out of 22 on Corridor 2 and 9 out of 13 shelters on Corridor 3 remain open during the extended hours.[24]
  • 1 July 2011: Corridors 4 to 7 began their late night-service, leaving only Corridor 8 without a late-night service.[25]
  • 28 September 2011: Three feeder bus routes launched with Route 1 from West Jakarta Municipal Office to Daan Mogot, Route 2 from Tanah Abang to Medan Merdeka Selatan and Route 3 from SCBD to Senayan. The fare will be Rp.6,500 ($0.72), which cover tickets both for the feeder service and for TransJakarta buses. However, the feeder routes were eventually shut down because of the low number of riders.[26]
  • 13 December 2011: Transjakarta began to separate male and female passengers, in which the commuter rail network has already done the separation earlier. The women-only areas are located between the middle door and driver cabins.
  • 28 December 2011: Corridor 11 (Kp. Melayu to Pulo Gebang) opened.
  • 14 February 2013: Corridor 12 (Pluit to Tanjung Priok) opened.
  • 19 May 2014: The extension of Corridor 2 (Pulo Gadung to Harapan Indah) opened.
  • 16 August 2017: Corridor 13 (Ciledug to Tendean) opened.

On 1 June 2014, a 24-hour operation began on three corridors – the Blok M-Kota route (Corridor 1), Pinang Ranti-Pluit route (Corridor 9) and Kalideres-Pasar Baru route (Corridor 3). Service is provided by 18 buses with two buses in reserve and the service frequency is between thirty minutes and an hour.[27] On 6 May 2015, 24-hour operation began on four corridors – the Harmoni-Pulogadung route (Corridor 2), Cililitan-Ancol Route (Corridor 5), Harmoni-Lebak Bulus route (corridor 8) and Tanjung Priok-Cililitan route (corridor 10). Service is provided by 28 buses with two buses in reserve and a 30- to 60-minute frequency.[citation needed]

Fleet[]

Each bus is constructed with passenger safety in mind. For example, the body frame is constructed using Galvanyl (Zn–Fe Alloy), a strong and rust-resistant metal. There are also eight or ten glass-shattering hammers mounted on some of the window frames, and three emergency doors for fast evacuation during an emergency. There are also two fire extinguishers at the front and back of the buses.

Current fleet[]

Transjakarta Scania K320IA with body by Laksana caroserie

A standard bus is painted with blue and white livery with the new TransJakarta logo. Regulations used to prohibit the use of diesel powered buses and obliged the use of CNG. However, due to efficiency issues and the limited number of CNG refueling stations, the use of diesel buses is permitted again.[28] Buses are equipped with two doors on each side to improve passenger flow in and out of the bus. Aside from that, the driver and passengers are divided by a partition to give the driver more concentration while driving on the road.

The capacity of each bus varies from 85, 100 to 120 passengers. Single Mercedes-Benz and Hino buses can carry about 85 passengers. Scania, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo Maxi buses can carry 100 passengers, and 120 can be carried by a standard articulated bus. TransJakarta operates Chinese-made Yutong, Zhongtong & Ankai and Swedish-made Scania articulated buses on long and straight corridors.[29]

Two Metrotrans buses

The passenger doors are higher than on ordinary buses so passengers can board only from designated shelters. The doors employ automated swing and slide mechanisms which are manually controlled by the driver. Currently, the slide mechanism is being phased out, with all new buses being equipped with swing doors. Protective full-height acrylic glass barriers are installed behind passenger seats close to the sliding door mechanism. Although, feeder routes use low street-level doors. This is achieved with the driver's door at the front-left side of the bus on big buses and a pair of a designated hydraulic folding door on medium buses.

A bus

Buses have their seats facing front, which is to reduce sexual harassment that usually happens in public transportation in rush hours. Each bus is equipped with an electronic board and speakers that announce the name of shelters in Indonesian and English. Each bus is also equipped with a bi-directional radio transceiver to allow the driver to provide and receive updated information regarding traffic jams, road accidents or lost items. CCTV cameras are a mandatory facility. Each bus is equipped with four CCTV cameras at the minimum. To keep the air fresh, especially during rush hours each bus is equipped with automatic air freshener dispensers which periodically spray car fragrance.

TransJakarta operates Royal Trans as a premium service. Premium seating are mounted in these units. Extra facilities includes extra comfort, free Wi-Fi, USB charging port and an onboard entertainment TV. No passenger are allowed to stand up. Payment is done in the buses with electronic tapping equipment. The service is not integrated to the main BRT system. Aside from that, TransJakarta also operates Metro Trans, which is a service not integrated to the BRT service. This service uses low entry buses. Integration from Metro Trans is possible at terminus such as Blok M and Pasar Kebayoran Lama.

In order to promote gender equity, TransJakarta is increasing the number of female driver recruits. The projected proportion is 30% of the total. Starting 21 April 2016, TransJakarta launched several new female-only buses for Corridor 1.[30] The bus is crewed by a female driver and female onboard officers and is painted pink to distinguish it from regular buses. TransJakarta has disabled-friendly buses on few routes. It will collect 300 more disabled-friendly buses within 2017 to operate in 15-20 routes.[31]

Transjakarta Ankai HFF6120D17D Weichai CNG Euro III bus with body from New Armada Caroserie
Transjakarta Mercedes-Benz OC 500 RF 2542 bus with body from Nusantara Gemilang caroserie
  • PT Transportasi Jakarta (self-managed)
    Yutong ZK6180HGC Weichai CNG Euro III, Ankai HFF6180G02D Weichai CNG Euro IV, Hino RK8JSKA-NHJ R260 (Night buses only), Zhongtong Bus LCK6180GC Doosan CNG Euro V, Scania K340IA CNG Euro VI, Scania K320IA CNG Euro VI, Mercedes Benz OH1526 NG M/T, Mercedes Benz OC 500 RF 2542, Mercedes Benz OH1626 A/T, Mercedes Benz OH1626 M/T, Hino RK1 JSNL-RHJ CNG Euro IV, Mercedes-Benz O500U 1726 and Scania K250UB 4x2 Euro III as Metro Trans, Mercedes-Benz OF 917 RF as Royal Trans
  • Perum PPD (Pengangkutan Penumpang Djakarta)
    Hino RK8JSKA-NHJ R260, Zhongtong LCK6180GC Doosan CNG Euro V
  • Kopaja (Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta)
    Toyota Dyna 110FT, Isuzu NQR 71, Isuzu FRR 90
  • PT. Mayasari Bakti
    Scania K320IA CNG Euro VI, Scania K310IB 6x2, Mercedes-Benz OH1626 A/T
  • Trans Swadaya
    Mitsubishi FE 84G BC as Mini Trans
  • PT. Pahala Kencana
    Mercedes-Benz OH1626 M/T
  • PT. Steady Safe Tbk
    Volvo B11R
  • PT. Bianglala Metropolitan
    Hino RK8JSKA-NHJ R260 as AMARI/ANDINI (Night Bus) (on assistance from DAMRI and PPD), Mercedes-Benz OH1626 A/T

[32]

Future fleet[]

Transjakarta Scania K250IB for display at GIICOMVEC 2020 expo featuring Cityline 3 made by Laksana
  • PT. Mayasari Bakti
    Scania K250IB 4x2 Euro III
  • Kopami Jaya (Koperasi Pengemudi Angkutan Mikrobus DKI Jakarta)
    Isuzu NQR71 as Mini Trans
  • PT. Bayu Holong Persada
    Hino RN8JSKA-SJJ R285
  • PT. Metro Mini
    Isuzu NQR71 as Mini Trans
  • Kopaja (Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta)
    Mitsubishi FE 84G BC as Mini Trans
  • Koantas Bima (Koperasi Angkutan Lintas Bis Madya)
    Hino FB 130 as Mini Trans
  • Kendaraan Listrik - Electric Vehicle
    MAB MD12E NF Electric bus, BYD K9 Electric bus, BYD C6, Zhongtong LCK6126EVGRA1, Skywell NJL6126BEV, Higer Azure KLQ6125GEV, and E-Inobus

[32]

Note :TransJakarta stated that it will not buy any electric buses.[33] Instead, electric buses will be operated by operators under the Rupiah-per-kilometer scheme. Currently all electric bus models listed is either under trial or is to commence trial in the near future.

Retired fleet[]

First generation of TransJakarta buses, Hino RG J08C-TI
Blue and white CNG-fueled Daewoo buses of Corridor 2
Locally made Komodo articulated bus
Locally made Inobus articulated bus

The Mercedes-Benz OH and Hino RG air-conditioned buses operated in Corridor 1 are painted red and yellow, with a picture of a young brahminy kite, which looks similar to a bald eagle grasping a tree branch with three salaks on it. The buses use special fuel which is (a mix of diesel and biodiesel). For Corridors 2 (bus colours: blue and white) and 3 (bus colours: yellow and red), the buses are CNG-fueled Daewoo buses imported from South Korea. Corridors 4, 5 and 6 used Grey Daewoo and Hyundai CNG buses, with Komodo and Huanghai articulated buses dedicated for Corridor 5. Grey Hino CNG buses are used for Corridors 7 and 8. Corridors 9 and 10 used Red coloured Hyundai and Komodo articulated buses, whilst Corridor 11 uses red Inobus articulated buses. Corridor 12 used to use red coloured Ankai and Inobus buses as well. Due to various coach builders being involved and design tweaks applied over time, the exterior and interior appearance, quality, and comfort varies between buses operating in the same corridor. Seats in old buses face the aisle to optimise passengers' movement during rush hours. Older buses were equipped with folding or hydraulic sliding doors, while newer units were equipped with swing doors.

In August 2011, TransJakarta operator installed cameras on one bus for a trial period. The plan is to install four cameras on each bus gradually in efforts to improve services such as to inform passengers waiting for buses about how crowded approaching buses are, and to prevent sexual harassment.[34]

  • PT. Jakarta Express Trans
    Hino RG J08C-TI and Mercedes-Benz OH1521 Intercooler OM366LA
  • PT. Trans Batavia
    Daewoo BH115E Doosan Infracore GE12TI and Hino RK1 JSNL-RHJ CNG Euro IV
  • PT. Jakarta Mega Trans
    Daewoo BH115E Doosan Infracore GE12TI, Hyundai Aero-Hi Class C6AC, Huanghai DD6181S01 Cummins ISL G 320 and AAI Komodo Doosan Infracore GE12TI
  • PT. Jakarta Trans Metropolitan
    Daewoo BH115E Doosan Infracore GE12TI, Hyundai Aero-Hi Class C6AC and Hino RK8JSKA-NHJ R260
  • PT. Eka Sari Lorena
    Hino RK1 JSNL-RHJ CNG Euro IV and AAI Komodo Doosan Infracore GE12TI
  • PT. Primajasa Perdanarayautama
    Hino RK1 JSNL-RHJ CNG Euro IV
  • PT. Bianglala Metropolitan
    Hyundai Aero Class C6AC, AAI Komodo Doosan Infracore GE12TI, INKA Inobus Cummins ATC 320 CNG Series Euro V, Ankai HFF6180G02D Weichai CNG Euro IV, Hino RG J08C-TI and Mercedes-Benz OH1521 Intercooler OM366LA
  • PT. Trans Mayapada Busway
    Hyundai Aero Class C6AC and AAI Komodo Doosan Infracore GE12TI
  • Perum DAMRI
    INKA Inobus Cummins ATC 320 CNG Series Euro V and Zhongtong LCK6180GC Doosan CNG Euro V

[32]

Shelters[]

View from the stairs
Shelter with new platform screen doors

TransJakarta shelters are different from ordinary bus stops. They are usually located in the middle of the road and are reached by elevated bridges. Some stops are equipped with an escalator or lift and designed to be integrated into nearby buildings. For example, Tosari ICBC stop is connected directly to the UOB Plaza, and Blok M stop is connected directly into Blok M Mall via stair access.

The shelters are made from aluminium, steel, and glass. Air ventilation works through fins on the aluminium part of the shelters. Floors are made from tread plate, although newer shelters now use concrete. The shelters are equipped with platform screen doors. Some of the connecting elevated bridge ramps have gentle slopes (with some exceptions) to accommodate the disabled. One disadvantage of some of the ramps is that passengers need to walk a relatively long way up the ramps and then double back to reach the boarding shelters. The floors of the bridge are mostly treading plates, although some are made from concrete. One problem with the tread plate is that considerable noise is generated by the movement of passengers across the tread plate surfaces. Another problem is that some of the tread plate surfaces can become slippery during the rainy season. There are no sanitary facilities in most of the shelters.

Initially, bus stops are open from 05:00 am to 10:00 pm although opening hours can be extended if there are passengers still waiting at closing time. Since midnight bus services are launched, a number of shelters start to operate 24 hours a day.[35] Currently all bus stops serves round-the-clock. Shelters often become extremely overcrowded because of long and sometimes unpredictable intervals between buses. According to a report from the Indonesian Consumers Protection Foundation in 2011, the most common complaint from passengers about the service offered by Transjakarta was the long wait times for buses at some of the main shelters.[36]

The large Harmoni Central Busway (HCB) shelter on Jalan Gadjah Mada, Central Jakarta, is built over the Ciliwung River. It is a transit point between Corridors 1, 2, 3, 5C, 5H, 7F, 8, 8A, 9B and 10H. This 500-person shelter has 18 bus bays. Although many trees had to be sacrificed during the construction of it, an old banyan tree was not chopped down because it was considered rich in historical value. However, in October 2006 this tree was vandalised by people from the Pemuda Persatuan Islam religious group. Their motive was to show that the tree does not possess supernatural qualities.

Ticketing and fares[]

A typical ticket booth and gantry in the network
TransJakarta ticket barrier

The cost of a TransJakarta ticket since its opening has been a flat rate of Rp 2.000,- at concessional times (05.00 a.m. to 07.00 a.m.) and Rp 3.500,- (about 24 US cents) at all other times.[10] Passengers who wish to change direction or transit to other corridors do not need to pay again, provided they do not exit the shelter. An exception is in effect at the line terminus.

Up to 2015, passengers could purchase a single-journey paper ticket at the ticket booth in the shelter. In 2013, TransJakarta introduced the use of prepaid cards or e-tickets from BRI BRizzi, BCA Flazz, BNI Tapcash, Mandiri E-Money, Bank DKI JakCard, and Bank Mega MegaCash. The prepaid cards can be purchased and topped-up at any ticket booth in the shelter throughout the system, or the ATM of the issuing bank. The e-ticket is priced at Rp 40,000, Rp 20,000 for the card itself and a balance of Rp 20,000.[37][38] The prepaid cards, except for Bank DKI JakCard and Bank Mega MegaCash, are also valid as a ticket in the Jabodetabek Commuter Train system as of June 2014, easing the integration plan between the BRT and the commuter train system.[39] In April and May 2014, the TransJakarta management started compulsory use of e-tickets at several terminus in the system, based on news that the BCA Flazz Card could also be used in Jabodetabek Commuter Train.[40] In mid-October 2014, 56% passengers have used e-tickets. Now, all TransJakarta corridors and shelters applied the compulsory use of the e-tickets, since 21 February 2015.[41] 17 August 2016 marks the start of tap-out system trial in Corridor 1 (Blok M – Kota),[42] while a similar trial was started on 9 September 2016 in Corridor 2. The system is meant to control the flow of people going in and out of the shelters, discourage illegal entrance to and exit from the shelters, and to encourage sales and usage of the "e-tickets". In October 2016, the system had been implemented in all corridors of TransJakarta.

Starting on 24 August 2015 students who have the Jakarta Smart Card (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) can use it as an e-ticket for a free bus ride.[43] The TJ Card, introduced in January 2018, provides free fares for their holders and is available for seniors above 60, residents of the Thousand Islands Regency, disabled persons, low-income households, teachers, mosquito controllers and mosque caretakers in addition to members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Police.[44]

In feeder routes, passengers can pay cash to the bus conductor or use a prepaid card issued by a specific bank. This varies depending on the route (ex: Corridor 6H mainly accepts BCA Flazz cards only, Corridor 3E mainly accepts BNI Tapcash cards only), and is highly unreliable. The card-reading device is sometimes unavailable, or different from the usual bank device issued in one route. This method of payment is currently still in use and is gradually phased out in favor of the Tap-On-Bus (TOB) system. TOB acts similarly to the E-ticket payment system on shelters. It accepts payment from all prepaid bank-issued cards that are eligible on bus shelters. The only difference is that payment is done onboard the feeder bus instead of shelters. All buses assigned to routes 1H, 1N, 1R, 4F and 5F already has the TOB installed on it and make use of TOB for all payment.[45]

On 2 October 2020, Transjakarta launched Tije, an app that allows passengers to buy tickets using QR codes. It was launched to reduce COVID-19 transmission by reducing interaction between passengers and ticket offices. The app also allows the users to see bus arrival times.[46]

Passengers[]

TransJakarta passengers

During rush hours, people from upper or middle classes (one of the main targets of TransJakarta) usually prefer to use private cars or taxis to avoid the inconvenience of the overcrowded TransJakarta buses even though they have to bear with traffic jams instead. Many passengers are thus lower-middle-class people who are ex-users of other less comfortable and/or more expensive commercial buses. This situation is at odds with one of the objectives of TransJakarta, which was to reduce traffic jam during rush hours by persuading private car owners to use comfortable public transport.

There is a special program for the student groups called TransJakarta goes to school. Participants in the program are assigned a dedicated bus. The aim is to train students to stand in line, be decent, and prefer public transport than personal vehicles. The municipal government has been trying to encourage the population to shift from their private vehicles to public transportation, especially TransJakarta. Thus, several regulations are put in place to restrict private cars on the street. By August 2018, the odd–even traffic policy increases TransJakarta passengers by 30,000.[47]

Accidents and incidents[]

Several design and operational problems have been identified. Despite having an exclusive bus lane, unauthorised vehicles illegally using the lanes in an attempt to more quickly navigate through the traffic jams are commonplace. Depot maintenance shops and special gas stations (most buses use compressed natural gas (CNG)) often have long lines of buses, restricting the availability of buses for service. The CNG powered buses also have suffered from higher fuel consumption than expected (one litre for 1.3 km compared to 2.1 km as specified) and high oil and moisture content requiring extra maintenance.[48] Other problems identified were: a lack of feeder bus services, a lack of adequate transfer information and transfer facilities and a lack of articulated buses.[49] A 2010 survey showed 75% of passengers transferred from medium or micro-buses to the TransJakarta buses, and it was estimated if direct service operations were implemented (i.e., multiple stopping points at some stations with bypass lanes and some services continuing beyond the trunk corridors) patronage would increase by 50%.[50] A feeder bus service called APTB was introduced in 2012.

In May 2013, it was reported that the system was losing passengers due to unpredictable service frequency, worsening travel times, and poor maintenance of the infrastructure and vehicles. The problem of excluding private vehicles from busways was still ongoing.[51] By November 2013, after a campaign to "sterilise" the lanes improved travel times, reports indicate patronage had increased by 20,000 per day up to between 330,000 and 355,000.[52]

From January to July 2010, there were 237 accidents involving TransJakarta buses, resulting in 57 injuries and eight deaths. Accidents occurred due to pedestrians crossing the busway and cars making U-turns. In 2011, in an effort to stop non-TransJakarta vehicles using the bus lanes, the Jakarta Police Chief suggested that TransJakarta buses should run against the direction of traffic flow.[53] Usually, non-TransJakarta vehicles used the busway lanes during rush hours.[54]

Some routes do not have a separate lane.

On 12 January 2012, a policeman from the Indonesian Police Headquarters, who was hired by Securicor, fired his gun near the ear of a TransJakarta officer after threatening to kill him. The policeman was angry after the TransJakarta officer stopped the Securicor car from entering the busway lane, which allows only TransJakarta buses, ambulances, and firefighters to enter. The police spokesman said that the policeman would be charged by criminal law or disciplinary sanction.[55][56][57]

Hijacking[]

On 12 March 2012, four TransJakarta buses were hijacked by alleged university students at the Medan Merdeka Selatan street. The buses were driven to the front of the Universitas Kristen Indonesia (Christian University of Indonesia) campus. Three drivers were able to escape from their buses, but one driver was prevented from leaving and forced to drive the hijackers to their destination. Fire extinguishers, glass-breaking hammers and drivers' jackets were also stolen from the buses.[58]

2013 corruption case[]

In 2014, a corruption investigation began over series of accidents related to poor conditions of new vehicles through fraudulent procurement of more than one trillion IDR. The probe indicted Head of Jakarta Transport Department Udar Pristono as suspect of the corruption case.[59] Pristono argued that he was only working under the supervision of then governor Joko Widodo on the procurement project,[60] and accusing him liable for the legal prosecution as he had the responsibility over financial budget abuses involved in his administration.[61][62]

Bombing[]

Main article: 2017 Jakarta bombings

On 24 May 2017, a twin bomb attack struck the Kampung Melayu Transjakarta bus terminal. The first explosion happened at nine sharp, near the terminal's toilet, and the second explosion happened five minutes after at the bus stop. In total, five people were killed, including the two suspects.[63]

Sexual harassment[]

A number of sexual harassment cases have been reported on board crammed TransJakarta buses and their overcrowded stations over the past few years, as the number of passengers has continued to rise.[64] TransJakarta responded by providing a women-only area at the front of its buses[65] and launching women-only buses.[66]

Burning incident[]

Demonstrations opposing a bill draft in October 2020 turned violent and multiple bus stops became targets.[67] The stations of Bundaran HI and Sarinah were the first two shelters burned down,[68] out of a total of 20 shelters that were either entirely or partially burned, looted, damaged and vandalised by rioters. TransJakarta claimed a loss of up to 55 billion Rupiah.[69]

Transit Oriented Development[]

Seventeen Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is being built to integrate of multiple transport systems to facilitate easy and convenient transit between various mode of public transportation. At Tebet, the TOD integrates TransJakarta and the Commuter Line.[70] Meanwhile at Dukuh Atas Integrated Area (Indonesian: Kawasan Integrasi Dukuh Atas or KIDA), the aim is to prioritise walking and the use of public transport as a commuting solution, rather than using private vehicles.[71] KIDA will integrate seven transport systems in total, which are the Jakarta MRT, Jabodebek LRT, Jakarta LRT, Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link, Commuter Line, TransJakarta, and other bus services.[72]

As of July 2019, there are about 1,170 Angkot micro-buses integrated with different routes of Transjakarta, which is expected to increase 1500 by the end of the year.[73]

Logos[]

  • 2004–2012

  • 2012–2014

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c TransJakarta. "Koridor".
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Budi Sutrisno (5 February 2020). "Achievement unlocked: Transjakarta breaks record for serving one million customers in a day". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  4. ^ Rindi Nuris Velarosdela (1 January 2019). "Jumlah Penumpang Transjakarta Tahun 2018 Capai 189,77 Juta". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 January 2019.
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