Ulmus americana 'Pendula'

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Ulmus americana 'Pendula'
SpeciesUlmus americana
Cultivar'Pendula'
OriginEngland
A pendulous form of American white elm, Lancaster, Massachusetts

The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Pendula' was originally listed by William Aiton in Hort. Kew, 1: 320, 1789, as U. americana var. pendula, cloned in England in 1752 by James Gordon.[1][2] From the 1880s the Späth nursery of Berlin supplied a cultivar at first listed as Ulmus fulva (Michx.) pendula Hort.,[3][4] which in their 1899 catalogue was queried as a possible variety of U. americana,[5] and which thereafter appeared in their early 20th-century catalogues as U. americana pendula (formerly Ulmus fulva (Michx.) pendula Hort.).[6][7][8] The Scampston Elm, Ulmus × hollandica 'Scampstoniensis', in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th and 20th centuries, was occasionally referred to as 'American Weeping Elm' or Ulmus americana pendula.[9][10] This cultivar, however, was distinguished by Späth from his Ulmus americana pendula.

'Pendula' was considered probably just a forma by Green, who stated that it was later confused with a pendulous variant of an Ulmus glabra (see 'Synonymy').[2]

Description[]

The tree was described as vase-shaped with branches pendulous at their extremities.[2]

Cultivation[]

The U. americana pendula planted at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, in 1889 may have been Späth's mis-named Ulmus fulva (Mchx) pendula, later corrected in arboretum lists, since Späth supplied many of the 1880s' and 1890s' elms there.[11] Specimens from Späth were in cultivation in Europe, as Ulmus fulva (Mchx) pendula in the late 19th century, and as U. americana pendula in the 20th, to the 1930s.[12] Henry (1913) described two at Kew obtained from Späth in 1896, considering them "probably not" Ulmus americana 'Beebe's Weeping', an 1889 cultivar which had at first also been mis-called Ulmus fulva (Mchx) pendula.[13] 'Pendula' is known to have been cultivated in the UK (most recently in Ayrshire[14]) and the Netherlands; no surviving trees have been confirmed (2016).

Hybrid cultivars[]

'Pendula' was used in the Dutch elm breeding programme before World War II, but none of the progeny were of particular note and are not known to have been cultivated [15]

Synonymy[]

  • Ulmus americana var. glabra: Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 424, 1852.
  • Ulmus fulva (Mchx) pendula Hort., Späth in error, 1880s to 1899 (see above)

Accessions[]

None known.

References[]

  1. ^ Aiton, William (1789). "Ulmus". Hortus Kewensis. 1: 320.
  2. ^ a b c Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  3. ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 79 (1890-91; Berlin), p.114
  4. ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 89 (1892-93; Berlin), p.116
  5. ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 104 (1899–1900; Berlin), p.134
  6. ^ Katalog (PDF). 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
  7. ^ Späth nursery, Catalogue 143, p. 135, 1910–11. Berlin, Germany.
  8. ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 130 (1908-09; Berlin), p.135
  9. ^ Winchelsea, C.C. (1910). "Weeping trees". The Gardeners' Magazine. 53: 501.
  10. ^ Anthony waterer's catalogue. 1880. p. 20.
  11. ^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
  12. ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 262 (1930-31; Berlin), p.34
  13. ^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. 7. pp. 1855–1859.
  14. ^ Recorded by Alan Mitchell for Tree Register records in 1989
  15. ^ Went, J. C. (1954). The Dutch elm disease - Summary of 15 years' hybridisation and selection work (1937-1952). European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol 60, 2, March 1954.
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