Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz'
Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' | |
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![]() 'Bea Schwarz', Amsterdam. | |
Cultivar | 'Bea Schwarz' |
Origin | Netherlands |
The elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' was cloned (as No. 62) at Wageningen in the Netherlands, by the elm disease committee, from a selection of Ulmus minor found in France in 1939. However, specimens of the tree grown in the UK and the United States are falsely treated as Ulmus × hollandica (after Fontaine [1]).
Description[]
The tree is considered of poor growth and shape if grafted on U. × hollandica rootstock.[2] Nowadays it is sparsely grown on its own rootstock.
Pests and diseases[]
Not resistant to the virulent form of the Dutch elm disease, and more resistant to Coral Spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina than its forebear 'Christine Buisman'.
Cultivation[]
Commercial production was discontinued in the Netherlands soon after its release in 1948.[3][4][5] Nevertheless, its moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease saw it, or its selfed progeny, successfully used in later Dutch hybridizations, notably 'Nanguen' = Lutèce. 'Bea Schwarz' was later propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1967 to 1977, when production ceased with the advent of the more virulent form of Dutch elm disease.[6][7]
'Bea Schwarz' on the left with later replacements on the right. Noordzijde, Sloterplas, Amsterdam, 2012.[8]
Notable trees[]
The largest known examples in the UK grow along Crespin Way, Hollingdean, Brighton; planted in 1964, they measured 19 m high by 50 cm d.b.h. in 2009.[9]
Hybrid cultivars[]
- 'Nanguen' = Lutèce, 'Clusius', 'Lobel', (all from crossings with 'Bea Schwarz' selfed), , formally known as Ulmus 'Amsterdam' (from an open pollination?).
Etymology[]
The tree is named for Bea Schwarz, the Dutch phytopathologist who identified the Asian fungus known as Dutch elm disease in the 1920s.
Accessions[]
North America[]
- Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 151–61, 276–62
- Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 57–1243
- Longwood Gardens, US. Acc. no. 1967–0876
Europe[]
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[10]
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 1275
- , Wijdemeren, North Holland, Netherlands, planted on its own rootstock 2019, Location Dennenlaan, Loosdrecht[11]
Nurseries[]
Europe[]
- Noordplant [2], Glimmen, Netherlands.
References[]
- ^ F. J., Fontaine (1968). "Ulmus". Dendroflora. 5: 37–55. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ Photograph of free-standing 'Bea Schwarz' elm, [1].
- ^ Heybroek, Hans M. (1983). Burdekin, D.A. (ed.). "Resistant elms for Europe" (PDF). Forestry Commission Bulletin (Research on Dutch Elm Disease in Europe). London: HMSO (60): 108–113.
- ^ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Went, J. C. (1954). Tijschr. Plantenziekten 60: 109-127, 1954.
- ^ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
- ^ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
- ^ "Noordzijde near sloterplas". Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion trees of Britain & Ireland, p.167. Kew Publishing, Kew London. ISBN 978-1-84246-452-6
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ Netherlands Plant Collection: Iepen, Ulmus
External links[]
- "Herbarium specimen - L.1586828". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1948
- "Herbarium specimen - L%20%200940206". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1949
- "Herbarium specimen DOV0038308". Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled U. × hollandica 'Bea Schwarz'; leaves specimen
- "Herbarium specimen DOV0038308". Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled U. × hollandica 'Bea Schwarz'; flowers specimen
- Field elm cultivar
- Ulmus