Ulmus changii

Ulmus changii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Ulmaceae
Genus:	Ulmus
Species:	U. changii
Binomial name
	Ulmus changii; W. C. Cheng

Ulmus changii W. C. Cheng, occasionally known as the Hangzhou elm, is a small deciduous tree found across much of China in forests at elevations of up to 1800 m.^[1] Owing to its increasing scarcity, U. changii was added to the Hainan Province Protected Plants List in 2006.

Description[]

The tree can reach a height of 20 m with a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h; the bark is dark grey. The leaves are generally ovate, < 11 cm long, glabrescent and smooth when mature. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March - April, the samarae are almost orbicular, < 35 mm in diameter.^[1]

U. changii foliage, Grange Farm Arboretum

Pests and diseases[]

Ulmus changii was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola ^[2] and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica^[3] in the United States.

Cultivation[]

The species is extremely rare in cultivation beyond China, although in the US the species is rated hardy enough for USDA zone 5. There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce.

Subspecies & varieties[]

Two varieties are recognized: var. changii L.K.Fu, and var. kunmingensis W.C.Cheng.

Etymology[]

The tree is named for S. S. Chang, the Chinese botanist who identified the species in 1936.

Accessions[]

North America

Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 11 2008. Cuttings grafted onto U. pumila rootstocks, planted out in 2008.

Asia

Hangzhou Botanical Garden [2], Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Details not known.

Europe

Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 1059. Two trees from cuttings ex. Morton Arboretum on U. glabra rootstocks.

Nurseries[]

Europe

Pan-global Plants [3], Frampton on Severn, Gloucestershire, UK

References[]

^ ^a ^b Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 1-930723-40-7 [1]
^ Miller, F.; Ware, G. (2001). "Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (1): 162–166. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162. PMID 11233108. S2CID 42980569.
^ Miller, F.; Ware, G.; Jackson, J. (2001). "Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (2): 445–448. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445. PMID 11332837. S2CID 7520439.

[Fu-1] Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 1-930723-40-7 [1]

[Miller,_a-2] Miller, F.; Ware, G. (2001). "Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (1): 162–166. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162. PMID 11233108. S2CID 42980569.

[Miller,_b-3] Miller, F.; Ware, G.; Jackson, J. (2001). "Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (2): 445–448. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445. PMID 11332837. S2CID 7520439.

[1]

[2]

[3]