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United States at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
United States at the
2008 Summer Paralympics
Flag of the United States.svg
Flag of the United States
IPC codeUSA
NPCUnited States Paralympic Committee
Websitewww.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics
in Beijing
Competitors213 in 18[3] sports
Flag bearers Jennifer Armbruster (opening)[1]
Melissa Stockwell (closing)[2]
Medals
Ranked 3rd
Gold
36
Silver
35
Bronze
28
Total
99
Summer Paralympics appearances (overview)
  • 1960
  • 1964
  • 1968
  • 1972
  • 1976
  • 1980
  • 1984
  • 1988
  • 1992
  • 1996
  • 2000
  • 2004
  • 2008
  • 2012
  • 2016
  • 2020

The United States sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. A total of 213 U.S. competitors took part in 18 sports; the only 2 sports Americans did not compete in were soccer 5-a-side and 7-a-side.[3] The American delegation included 16 former members of the U.S. military, including 3 veterans of the Iraq War. Among them were shot putter Scott Winkler,[4] who was paralyzed in an accident in Iraq, and swimmer Melissa Stockwell, a former United States Army officer who lost her left leg to a roadside bomb in the war.[5]

The United States finished third in the gold and overall medal count, behind host nation China and Great Britain. The finish was an improvement from the 2004 Paralympics, where the U.S. finished fourth in the gold and overall medal count.[6] The U.S. saw significant gains in Paralympic swimming, winning 17 gold medals and 44 total medals, 9 more than they took home from Athens. U.S. swimmers set a total of 16 world records, 23 Paralympic records, 48 Pan American records and 99 American records.[7] U.S. coverage of the Games was provided by the Universal Sports Television Network and the official website of the U.S. Paralympic Team.[8]

Disability classifications[]

Every participant at the Paralympics had their disability grouped into one of five disability categories: amputation (either congenital or sustained through injury or illness); cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes (often overlapping with other categories); visual impairment (including blindness); and les autres (any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis).[9][10] Each Paralympic sport then had its own classifications, depending on the specific physical demands of the competition. Events were given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divided athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities. Other sports, such as swimming, grouped competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.[11]

Athletes may have competed against individuals with different classifications in the same event. For example, track and field athlete Jim Bob Bizzell competed in the men's 200 meters T44; the prefix T designated a track event and 44 was the disability classification. Although he finished behind Oscar Pistorius (competing under the T43 class), Bizell set a world record in the T44 classification. For specific classification information, see the pages for individual sports at 2008 Summer Paralympics#Sports.

Medalists[]

The following American athletes won medals at the games; all dates are for September 2008.[12] In the 'by discipline' sections below, medalists' names are in bold.

Archery[]

The American archery team consisted of seven men and one woman.[13] The highest placed finishers were Lindsey Carmichael and Jeff Fabry, who each won a bronze medal.[14] and competed against each other in the quarterfinals of the men's individual compound open, with Pemberton winning and going on to finish fourth in that event.

Athlete Event Ranking round Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Points Seed Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Men's individual compound open 676 6 Bye   (FIN)
W 115:110
  (USA)
L 112:114
Did not advance
Eric Bennett Men's individual compound open 667 16   (KOR)
W 106:106 T9:9,9:8
 Stubbs (GBR)
L 114:117
Did not advance
Lindsey Carmichael Women's individual recurve standing 536 13   (CHN)
W 89:82
 Comte (SUI)
W 87:76
 Kim (KOR)
W 86:85
 Lee (KOR)
L 101:101 T7:6
 Olejnik (POL)
W 105:101
Bronze medal icon.svg
Jeff Fabry Men's individual compound W1 661 2 N/A Bye   (ITA)
W 113:97 PR
 Cavanagh (GBR)
L 107:109
  (FIN)
W 111:101
Bronze medal icon.svg
Men's individual compound W1 577 12 N/A  Murphy (CAN)
L 75:98
Did not advance
Men's individual compound open 668 14   (NOR)
W 106:103
  (GBR)
W 115:105
  (USA)
W 114:112
 Simonelli (ITA)
L 110:116
 Horner (SUI)
L 111:115
4
Men's individual recurve W1/W2 616 10   (ISR)
W 92:88
 Vitale (ITA)
L 97:101
Did not advance
Russell Wolfe Men's individual recurve W1/W2 539 29  De Pellegrin (ITA)
L 76:107
Did not advance

Track and field (athletics)[]

The American track and field team consisted of 26 men and 17 women. Among them was shot putter Scott Winkler, a U.S. Army veteran who was paralyzed in Tikrit, Iraq in 2003 after he fell off a truck while holding 50 pounds of ammunition.[15] The team set six world records and won a total of nine gold, fourteen silver, and five bronze medals, two more medals than the team won in Athens.[16] Jessica Galli won five medals, more than any other team member, while Amanda McGrory, Tatyana McFadden, and Jim Bob Bizzell each won at least three medals. Jeremy Campbell was the only U.S. track and field athlete to win two golds.

Men
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Danny Andrews 200 m T44 24.22 3 Q N/A 23.54 5
400 m T44 N/A 53.15 4
Jim Bob Bizzell 200 m T44 23.22 1 Q N/A 22.62 WR Silver medal icon.svg
400 m T44 N/A 50.98 WR Silver medal icon.svg
Adam Bleakney 400 m T53 59.29 7 N/A Did not advance
800 m T53 1:40.94 3 N/A Did not advance
5000 m T54 10:53.56 6 N/A Did not advance
Marathon T54 N/A 1:30.36 23
Discus throw F42 N/A 42.25 4
Shot put F42 N/A 12.46 8
800 m T54 1:38.73 4 Q 1:41.00 6 Did not advance
1500 m T54 3:10.00 4 Q 3:06.47 8 Did not advance
5000 m T54 11:01.63 9 N/A Did not advance
Marathon T54 N/A 1:32.33 24
Jeremy Campbell Long jump F42/44 N/A 6.36 4
Discus throw F44 N/A 55.08 Gold medal icon.svg
Pentathlon P44 N/A 4662 WR Gold medal icon.svg
Shot put F44 N/A 14.16 6
Scott Danberg Shot put F40 N/A 9.79 8
Brian Frasure 100 m T44 11.49 1 Q N/A 11.50 Bronze medal icon.svg
Josh George 100 m T53 15.17 1 Q N/A 14.79 Gold medal icon.svg
200 m T53 26.81 3 Q N/A 26.98 4
400 m T53 53.58 3 N/A Did not advance
800 m T53 1:38.30 PR 1 Q N/A 1:37.09 Silver medal icon.svg
1500 m T54 3:13.87 1 Q 3:11.09 5 Did not advance
Marathon T54 N/A 1:30.29 17
Lex Gillette 100 m T11 11.85 3 Did not advance
200 m T11 24.42 4 Did not advance
Long jump F11 N/A 6.46 Silver medal icon.svg
Triple jump F11 N/A 12.19 5
Peter Gottwald 800 m T13 N/A 1:55.49 Silver medal icon.svg
1500 m T13 4:05.51 4 Q N/A 4:16.59 10
5000 m T13 16:11.31 6 N/A Did not advance
100 m T54 14.92 6 N/A Did not advance
200 m T54 26.15 5 N/A Did not advance
400 m T54 49.76 5 Q 51.67 5 Did not advance
800 m T54 1:39.72 5 Q 1:37.30 9 Did not advance
1500 m T54 3:07.84 2 Q 3:11.84 6 Did not advance
5000 m T54 10:28.87 9 N/A Did not advance
Marathon T54 N/A 1:26.04 15
Josiah Jamison 100 m T12 11.09 1 Q 10.90 1 Q 10.89 Gold medal icon.svg
200 m T12 22.20 1 Q 22.19 1 Q Did not start
400 m T12 51.40 3 Did not advance
Carlos Leon Shot put F53/54 N/A 6.95 15
Royal Mitchell 100 m T13 11.34 3 Q N/A 11.17 7
200 m T13 22.73 4 N/A Did not advance
400 m T13 51.15 4 Q N/A 51.23 8
100 m T11 Disqualified Did not advance
100 m T52 N/A 19.88 7
200 m T52 N/A 36.82 9
400 m T52 1:05.22 5 N/A Did not advance
800 m T52 2:21.10 5 N/A Did not advance
Scot Severn Discus throw F53/54 N/A 23.71 7
Shot put F53/54 N/A 7.76 9
Marlon Shirley 100 m T44 11.77 2 Q N/A 34.43 8
Jerome Singleton 100 m T44 11.48 2 Q N/A 11.20 Silver medal icon.svg
Jeff Skiba High jump F44/46 N/A 2.11 WR Gold medal icon.svg
Long jump F42/44 N/A 5.83 9
Discus throw F44 N/A 48.72 6
Javelin throw F42/44 N/A 51.46 5
Pentathlon P44 N/A 4274 Silver medal icon.svg
Casey Tibbs 200 m T44 24.01 2 Q N/A 23.40 4
400 m T44 N/A Did not start
Long jump F42/44 N/A 6.39 Bronze medal icon.svg
Pentathlon P44 N/A Did not finish
400 m T52 1:04.37 4 Q N/A 1:05.41 7
800 m T52 Disqualified N/A Did not advance
Marathon T52 N/A 1:58.37 5
Scott Winkler Shot put F55/56 N/A 11.27 5
Lex Gillette
Josiah Jamison
Royal Mitchell
4×100 m relay T11-13 Did not finish N/A Did not advance
Jim Bob Bizzell
Brian Frasure
Jerome Singleton
Casey Tibbs
4×100 m relay T42-46 N/A 42.75 WR Gold medal icon.svg
4×100 m relay T53/54 Did not start

Josh George

4×400 m relay T53/54 3:21.52 2 N/A Did not advance

Legend: Q – Qualifiers for the final as decided on a basis of rank within heat; WR=World Record; PR=Paralympic Record

Women
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
100 m T52 N/A 24.01 6
200 m T52 N/A 43.42 7
Cheri Blauwet 400 m T53 1:00.03 1 Q N/A 57.07 4
800 m T53 N/A 1:58.38 4
5000 m T54 N/A 12:29.43 4
Marathon T54 N/A 1:40:04 5
Javelin throw F35-38 N/A 18.84 17
Anjali Forber Pratt 100 m T53 17.46 1 Q N/A 17.99 6
200 m T53 31.66 2 Q N/A 30.99 4
400 m T53 58.76 3 Q N/A 56.79 Bronze medal icon.svg
Jessica Galli 100 m T53 17.00 2 Q N/A 16.88 Silver medal icon.svg
200 m T53 30.58 2 Q N/A 29.68 Silver medal icon.svg
400 m T53 56.10 PR 1 Q N/A 54.88 WR Gold medal icon.svg
800 m T53 N/A 1:57.25 Silver medal icon.svg
1500 m T54 3:30.32 3 Q N/A 3:41.68 4
100 m T54 18.21 5 N/A Did not advance
200 m T54 32.84 4 N/A Did not advance
400 m T54 1:01.11 6 N/A Did not advance
100 m T37 15.75 8 N/A Did not advance
200 m T37 32.36 6 N/A Did not advance
April Holmes 100 m T44 13.76 1 Q N/A 13.72 Gold medal icon.svg
200 m T44 N/A Disqualified
Long jump F44 N/A Did not start
Jill Kennedy Discus throw F40 N/A 20.89 6
Shot put F40 N/A 6.39 8
100 m T52 N/A 24.40 7
200 m T52 N/A 41.01 6
Chelsea McClammer 800 m T54 1:57.09 5 Q N/A 1:51.88 8
Tatyana McFadden 100 m T54 16.71 3 Q N/A 16.62 6
200 m T54 29.49 2 Q N/A 28.43 Silver medal icon.svg
400 m T54 54.04 2 Q N/A 53.49 Silver medal icon.svg
800 m T54 1:56.56 1 Q N/A 1:46.95 Silver medal icon.svg
Amanda McGrory 800 m T53 N/A 1:57.31 Bronze medal icon.svg
1500 m T54 3:34.56 2 Q N/A 3:42.17 5
5000 m T54 N/A 12:29.07 Gold medal icon.svg
Marathon T54 N/A 1:40:00 Silver medal icon.svg
Kerri Morgan 100 m T52 N/A 21.56 5
200 m T52 N/A 40.82 5
100 m T53 19.29 5 N/A Did not advance
200 m T53 35.13 6 N/A Did not advance
Shirley Reilly 1500 m T54 3:33.33 5 Q N/A 3:43.54 7
5000 m T54 N/A 12:32.19 8
Marathon T54 N/A 1:40:26 7
Discus throw F32-34/51-53 N/A 11.24 15
Javelin throw F33-34/52-53 N/A 11.50 14
Shot put F32-34/52-53 N/A 5.56 13
Anjali Forber Pratt
Jessica Galli
Tatyana McFadden
Amanda McGrory
4×100 m relay T53/54 N/A 1:02.16 Bronze medal icon.svg

Legend: Q – Qualifiers for the final as decided on a basis of rank within heat; WR=World Record; PR=Paralympic Record

Boccia[]

The U.S. boccia team consisted of a single competitor, .[17] Hawker lost his four pool stage matches and did not advance to the knock-out stage.[18]

Athlete Event Pool play Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
W–L Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Individual BC1 0–4 5 Did not advance

Cycling[]

Karissa Whitsell and Mackenzie Woodring (pilot) compete in Beijing on September 07, 2008

The initial members of the 2008 U.S. Paralympic Cycling Team were named on June 6, 2008 after the 2008 U.S. Paralympics Cycling National Championships in Morrison, Colorado.[19] The final roster included thirteen athletes (seven men and six women).[20] The team entered the Games with a goal of two gold and ten medals total.[21] They surpassed their goal, finishing with fourteen medals: five gold, five silver, and four bronze.

Factor time

To ensure a fair event when athletes with differing disabilities compete, times achieved were sometimes modified by a percentage rate, to produce a result known as "Factor Time". It is this time that decided the result of the races, and is listed below. Where this differs from the actual time recorded, actual time is also listed.[22]

Road[]

Men
Athlete Event Time Rank
Alejandro Albor 2:01:44 Silver medal icon.svg
20:59.49 Bronze medal icon.svg
2:01:58 28
38:14.76 7
1:38:09 14
25:04.99 14
Oz Sanchez 1:21:41 Bronze medal icon.svg
20:16.52 Gold medal icon.svg
1:32:17 10
24:39.59 13
2:01:44 25
36:12.84 5
Anthony Zahn 1:58:19 26
41:08.21 Bronze medal icon.svg
Women
Athlete Event Time Rank
Barbara Buchan FT: 42:28.73
AT: 44:45.17
Gold medal icon.svg
Allison Jones 44:42.88 Silver medal icon.svg
Greta Neimanas 40:26.09 4
Jennifer Schuble FT: 38:38.94
AT: 40:42.28
Silver medal icon.svg
Karissa Whitsell
Mackenzie Woodring
(pilot)
1:58:35 Silver medal icon.svg
36:14.87 Gold medal icon.svg
Key
  • AT = actual time
  • FT = factor time

Track[]

Men
Athlete Event Heats Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
N/A 1:17.594 8
ind. pursuit CP4 -
4:04.606
9 N/A Did not advance
Anthony Zahn ind. road race LC3-4 N/A FT: 1:29.280
AT: 1:33.275
20
ind. pursuit LC4  Paolo Viganò (ITA)
L 4.27.048
6 N/A Did not advance
Women
Athlete Event Heats Final
Time Rank Time Rank
Barbara Buchan N/A FT: 47.105
AT: 49.156
8
ind. pursuit LC3-4/CP 3   (CHN)
W FT: 4:13.860
AT: 4:31.334 WR
1 Q  Simanowski (GER)
W FT: 4:15.848
AT: 4:33.459
Gold medal icon.svg
Allison Jones N/A 46.397 6
ind. pursuit LC3-4/CP 3  Tesoriero (NZL)
L 4:36.306
8 Did not advance
Greta Neimanas N/A 40.265 8
ind. pursuit LC1-2/CP 4  Storey (GBR)
L 3:57.966
5 Did not advance
Jennifer Schuble N/A FT: 34.331
AT: 40.278 WR
Gold medal icon.svg
ind. pursuit LC1-2/CP 4   (CHN)
W FT: 3:35.514
AT: 4:01.243 WR
1 Q  Storey (GBR)
L FT: 3:36.867
AT: 4:02.758
Silver medal icon.svg
Karissa Whitsell
Mackenzie Woodring
(pilot)
ind. 1 km time trial B&VI 1-3 N/A 1:12:787 4
-
3:42.237
3 Q (Bronze final)
 Farrell,
Parsons (NZL)
W 3:41.521
Bronze medal icon.svg
Key
  • Q = Qualified for next round
  • WR = World record
  • AT = actual time
  • FT = factor time

Equestrian[]

The only equestrian events held in the Paralympic Games are in the Dressage discipline. Five American riders competed, in both individual and team events.[23]

Athlete Horse Event Test round Final round Total
Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank
Radetzky Ind. champ. test grade IV N/A 56.387 14
Ind. freestyle test grade IV N/A 61.135 11
Mibis Ind. champ. test grade III N/A 57.120 10
Ind. freestyle test grade III N/A 63.389 10
Rebecca Hart Norteassa Ind. champ. test grade II N/A 62.545 12
Ind. freestyle test grade II N/A 68.110 4
Walk on the Moon Ind. champ. test grade Ib N/A 58.571 12
Ind. freestyle test grade Ib N/A 60.500 14
Lynn Seidemann Rhett Ind. champ. test grade Ib N/A 63.905 6
Ind. freestyle test grade Ib N/A 64.221 9
Lynn Seidemann
Rebecca Hart

Rhett
Norteassa
Mibis
Radetzky
185.702
64.471
62.000
59.231
59.214
10 183.570
63.905
62.545
57.120
56.387
11 369.272 10

Goalball[]

Goalball is a Paralympic sport played by athletes who are blind and visually impaired. At the 2008 Paralympics, the U.S. men's goalball team hoped to repeat their bronze medal performance in Athens, but lost to Sweden in the final.[24][25] The U.S. women's goalball team improved on their silver medal performance in Athens, defeating China in the gold medal match.[26]

Men
Squad list[27] Preliminaries Quarterfinal Semifinal Final
(Bronze medal match)
Rank
Group B Rank


Tyler Merren


Daryl Walker
Coach:
 China
L 3-13
4 Q  Slovenia
W 4-2
 China
L 0-4
 Sweden
L 2-5
4
 Canada
L 2-8
 Brazil
W 6-4
 Iran
W 4-3
 Sweden
L 1-9
Women
Squad list[27] Preliminaries Semifinal Final Rank
Rank
Jen Armbruster
Lisa Banta
Jackie Barnes

Asya Miller
Robin Theryoung

Coach:
 Japan
W 2-0
2 Q  Denmark
W 4-3
 China
W 6-5
Gold medal icon.svg
 Denmark
W 2-0
 China
L 0-4
 Brazil
D 2-2
 Germany
W 4-0
 Canada
D 1-1
 Sweden
W 7-4

Judo[]

was selected as the only U.S. representative in the women's division at the 2008 U.S. Paralympic Trials for Judo.[28] All four American men went uncontested at the Trials and were automatically selected for the team. , a first-time Paralympian, won a bronze medal in the Men's +100 kilogram class.[29]

Athlete Event Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals First Repechage
Round
Repechage
Semifinals
Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Men's +100 kg   (CUB)
W 1000–0000
  (CHN)
L 0000–0111
Moved to repechage Bye   (RUS)
W 1000–0000
  (KOR)
W 1001–0110
Bronze medal icon.svg
Men's -81 kg   (JPN)
L 0001–0210
Did not advance
Women's -70 kg N/A  Herrera (ESP)
L 0000–1000
Moved to repechage N/A  Szabo (HUN)
L 0000–1000
Did not advance 7
Myles Porter Men's -100 kg Bye  Silva (BRA)
L 0000–1001
Moved to repechage   (IRI)
W 1000–0000
 Morgan (CAN)
W 0200–0000
  (CUB)
L 0000–1000
5
Andre Watson Men's -90 kg Bye   (ALG)
L 0000–0001
Moved to repechage   (UKR)
L 0000–1000
Did not advance

Powerlifting[]

The U.S. powerlifting team consisted of two competitors, and . All of Stack's lifts were declared invalid. She faltered and missed on her first two attempts to lift 110 kg. On her third attempt, Stack managed to lift the weight but the judges did not accept the lift and she was disqualified.[30] Wise completed two valid lifts, the maximum of which was 150 kg, and finished in eleventh place.[31]

Athlete Event Attempts Result Rank
First Second Third Fourth
Women's 82.5 kg 110.0 110.0 110.0 N/A NMR --
Men's 67.5 kg 142.5 150.0 155.0 N/A 150.0 11

Key: NMR=No marks recorded

Rowing[]

The 2008 U.S. Paralympic Rowing Team was selected after the 2008 U.S. Rowing National Championships in West Windsor, N.J. and was composed of nine athletes.[32][33] This was the first time rowing has appeared as a medal sport in the Paralympic Games.[34] Laura Schwanger, who has multiple sclerosis and won ten medals in track and field across three Paralympics, battled back from breast cancer treatment to win a bronze medal in women's single sculls at age 49.[35][36] The U.S. mixed coxed four team rallied in the final 100 m of their 1000 m race to take the silver medal.[37]

Athlete(s) Event Heats Repechage Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Men's single sculls 5:47.55 4 R 5:50.51 2 FA 5:46.32 5
Laura Schwanger Women's single sculls 6:01.78 1 FA N/A 6:35.07 Bronze medal icon.svg

Angela Madsen
Mixed double sculls 4:29.69 4 R 4:42.64 3 FB 4:40.33 1




Mixed coxed four 3:37.57 3 R 3:47.28 1 FA 3:37.61 Silver medal icon.svg

Qualification Legend: R=Repechage; FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal)

Sailing[]

The United States entered crews in all three of the sailing events, held in the Qingdao International Sailing Centre.[38][39] Maureen McKinnon-Tucker and Nick Scandone clinched a gold medal in the SKUD-18 class with two races left in the series. First-time Paralympian won a bronze medal in a competitive 2.4 mR final race, where the top seven players of the fleet started within single-digit points of each other.[40]

Athlete Event Race Total points Net points
Total-(#)
Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 6 1 (9) 1 7 (10) 3 4 4 CAN 47 28 Bronze medal icon.svg
Maureen McKinnon-Tucker
Nick Scandone
2 1 1 1 (3) 2 1 1 2 (12)
DNS
CAN 26 11 Gold medal icon.svg

Rick Doerr
1 9 10 6 (11) 10 2 3 4 (15)
RAF
2 73 47 8
Key
  • (#) = Worst two results discarded
  • CAN = Race cancelled
  • DNS = Did not start
  • RAF = Retired after finishing

Shooting[]

The U.S. sent two athletes (one man and one woman) to compete in the shooting events at the Paralympics.[41]

Athlete Event Qualification Final
Score Rank Score Rank
Michael Dickey 1098 21 Did not advance
Mixed R3-10 m air rifle prone SH1 595 41 Did not advance
Danielle Fong Women's R2-10 m air rifle standing SH1 385 19 Did not advance
562 16 Did not advance

Swimming[]

The 2008 U.S. Paralympic Swimming Trials were held on April 3–5 at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[42] A total of 38 swimming athletes (20 male and 18 female) were selected to represent the U.S. at the 2008 Paralympic Games.[43] Melissa Stockwell, a former United States Army officer who lost her left leg to a roadside bomb, became the first Iraq War veteran to be selected for the Paralympics.[2][44] The roster also included , an NCAA champion in the 200-yard breast stroke, two-time Olympic hopeful, and world record breaker who was paralyzed in a 2005 sledding accident.[45]

The U.S. Paralympic Swimming Team left Beijing with 17 gold, 14 silver and 13 bronze medals. The total of 44 medals was 9 more than they took home from Athens. Out of the 38 athletes on the team, 19 received a medal. U.S. swimmers set a total of 16 world records, 23 Paralympic records, 48 Pan American records and 99 American records.[7]

Men
Event Athletes Heat Final
Time Position Time Position
50 m freestyle – S2 Curtis Lovejoy 1:14.22 5 Q 1:12.59 6
50 m freestyle – S3 1:00.69 8 Q 1:01.69 7
50 m freestyle – S4 40.85 4 Q 39.95 5
50 m freestyle – S5 Roy Perkins 34.67 2 Q 34.61 4
50 m freestyle – S7 Lantz Lamback 29.95 3 Q 28.81 Bronze medal icon.svg
50 m freestyle – S9 Mark Barr 27.89 18 Did not advance
27.11 11 Did not advance
28.12 19 Did not advance
50 m freestyle – S10 Justin Zook 24.92 4 Q 24.81 4
50 m freestyle – S11 Philip Scholz 29.23 13 Did not advance
50 m freestyle – S12 Tucker Dupree 25.41 5 Q 25.31 6
100 m freestyle – S2 Curtis Lovejoy 2:35.49 5 Q 2:34.11 6
100 m freestyle – S3 2:14.97 8 Q 2:07.72 7
100 m freestyle – S4 1:40.19 8 Q 1:34.37 7
100 m freestyle – S5 Roy Perkins 1:17.86 3 Q 1:15.31 Bronze medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S7 Lantz Lamback 1:03.70 2 Q 1:02.40 Silver medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S9 Mark Barr 59.56 16 Did not advance
58.29 7 Q 58.14 7
59.18 14 Did not advance
100 m freestyle – S10 Justin Zook 55.35 6 Q 55.68 8
100 m freestyle – S11 Philip Scholz 1:04.11 9 Did not advance
100 m freestyle – S12 Tucker Dupree 55.16 4 Q 56.16 7
200 m freestyle – S2 Curtis Lovejoy 5:43.52 9 Did not advance
200 m freestyle – S3 N/A 4:39.79 6
200 m freestyle – S5 Roy Perkins N/A 2:46.68 4
400 m freestyle – S7 5:14.97 5 Q 5:02.62 4
Lantz Lamback 5:05.65 2 Q 4:56.46 Silver medal icon.svg
400 m freestyle – S8 Rudy Garcia-Tolson 5:02.17 8 Q Withdrew
5:14.26 9* 5:09.50 8
400 m freestyle – S9 Mark Barr 4:30.48 9 Did not advance
4:38.55 12 Did not advance
4:28.25 6 Q 4:29.44 7
400 m freestyle – S10 Joe Wise 4:18.37 2 Q 4:15.83 5
400 m freestyle – S11 Philip Scholz 5:02.07 5 Q 4:57.21 5
400 m freestyle – S12 Tucker Dupree 4:24.95 2 Q 4:23.98 4
50 m butterfly – S5 Roy Perkins 37.14 PR 1 Q 35.95 WR Gold medal icon.svg
50 m butterfly – S7 Lantz Lamback 33.83 7 Q 34.56 8
100 m butterfly – S8 Rudy Garcia-Tolson 1:12.99 12 Did not advance
100 m butterfly – S9 Mark Barr 1:03.94 8 Q 1:03.91 8
1:02.42 5 Q 1:02.21 6
1:05.81 12 Did not advance
100 m butterfly – S10 Justin Zook 1:01.73 =10 Did not advance
100 m butterfly – S11 Philip Scholz 1:11.93 8 Q 1:11.76 8
100 m butterfly – S12 Tucker Dupree 1:02.14 4 Q 1:01.53 5
50 m breaststroke – SB3 1:03.26 9 Did not advance
100 m breaststroke – SB4 1:53.23 9 Did not advance
Roy Perkins 1:56.02 10 Did not advance
100 m breaststroke – SB5 1:44.68 8 Q 1:42.43 7
100 m breaststroke – SB7 Rudy Garcia-Tolson 1:25.76 4 Q 1:24.01 Bronze medal icon.svg
100 m breaststroke – SB8 1:19.44 8 Q 1:20.64 8
100 m breaststroke – SB9 1:20.82 12 Did not advance
DSQ Did not advance
50 m backstroke – S1 N/A 2:51.17 6
50 m backstroke – S2 Curtis Lovejoy 1:16.03 8 Q 1:14.69 6
50 m backstroke – S3 1:03.21 8 Q 1:03.03 8
50 m backstroke – S4 55.70 10 Did not advance
50 m backstroke – S5 53.07 14 Did not advance
Roy Perkins 50.77 13 Did not advance
100 m backstroke – S7 Lantz Lamback 1:14.06 WR 1 Q 1:12.09 WR Gold medal icon.svg
100 m backstroke – S8 1:16.01 9 Did not advance
100 m backstroke – S9 1:06.42 4 Q 1:05.47 5
1:03.47 WR 1 Q 1:03.66 Bronze medal icon.svg
1:08.72 6 Q 1:08.09 8
100 m backstroke – S10 Justin Zook 1:01.15 WR 1 Q 1:01.29 Gold medal icon.svg
100 m backstroke – S11 Justin Zook 1:20.46 13 Did not advance
100 m backstroke – S12 Tucker Dupree 1:04.14 4 Q 1:04.08 5
200 m individual medley – SM5 Roy Perkins 3:30.69 5 Q 3:23.63 5
200 m individual medley – SM7 Rudy Garcia-Tolson 2:37.80 WR 1 Q 2:35.92 WR Gold medal icon.svg
200 m individual medley – SM9 2:27.30 8 Q 2:20.21 Bronze medal icon.svg
DSQ Did not advance
2:25.65 5 Q 2:25.56 6
200 m individual medley – SM12 Tucker Dupree 2:20.32 6 Q 2:19.12 6
4x50 m freestyle relay – 20pts

Lantz Lamback
Roy Perkins
N/A DSQ
(Lamback S7,
Denniston S5,
DeMarco S3,
Perkins S5)
4x100 m freestyle relay – 34pts Mark Barr

Lantz Lamback
N/A 3:59.97
(Prout S9,
Barr S9,
Lamback S7,
Bureau S9)
6
4x50 m medley relay – 20pts
Lantz Lamback

Roy Perkins
2:46.20
(Lamback S7,
Denniston SB4,
Perkins S5,
McCarthy S4)
1 Q 2:43.00
(Lamback S7,
Denniston SB4,
Perkins S5,
McCarthy S4)
4
4x100 m medley relay – 34pts Mark Barr

Rudy Garcia-Tolson
Lantz Lamback


Justin Zook
4:32.41
(Perry S9,
Garcia-Tolson SB7,
Barr S9,
Prout S9)
2 Q 4:29.38
(Zook S10,
Perry SB8,
Bureau S9,
Lamback S7)
7

*Listed as finishing heats in ninth place, but started the final in place of eighth-place qualifier Rudy Garcia-Tolson
Legend: Q – Qualifiers for the next round as decided on a time only basis. Ranks shown are overall rank against competitors in all heats; WR=World Record; PR=Paralympic Record

Women
Event Athletes Heat Final
Time Position Time Position
50 m freestyle – S3 1:11.69 6 Q 1:10.55 5
50 m freestyle – S4 N/A 52.81 Silver medal icon.svg
Aimee Bruder N/A 55.04 5
50 m freestyle – S5 Marin Morrison 1:35.60 14 Did not advance
50 m freestyle – S6 41.95 10 Did not advance
Miranda Uhl 39.20 7 Q 39.14 7
50 m freestyle – S7 Cortney Jordan 35.57 4 Q 33.84 PR Gold medal icon.svg
Erin Popovich 34.22 PR 1 Q 33.92 Silver medal icon.svg
50 m freestyle – S8 Amanda Everlove 32.96 7 Q 32.20 Silver medal icon.svg
Jessica Long 32.54 5 Q 32.58 6
50 m freestyle – S9 30.76 6 Q 30.20 5
Elizabeth Stone 31.24 10 Did not advance
50 m freestyle – S10 Anna Eames 29.78 5 Q 29.17 4
Ashley Owens 30.29 9 Did not advance
Susan Beth Scott 29.67 4 Q 29.38 5
50 m freestyle – S13 Kelley Becherer N/A 27.85 Gold medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S4 1:50.51 2 Q 1:50.25 Silver medal icon.svg
Aimee Bruder 1:56.69 3 Q 1:55.33 Bronze medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S5 Marin Morrison 3:10.30 12 Did not advance
100 m freestyle – S6 1:27.75 8 Q 1:26.42 8
Miranda Uhl 1:23.73 6 Q 1:22.22 7
100 m freestyle – S7 Cortney Jordan N/A 1:12.09 Silver medal icon.svg
Erin Popovich N/A 1:11.82 PR Gold medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S8 Amanda Everlove 1:10.84 4 Q 1:10.65 4
Jessica Long 1:06.81 WR 1 Q 1:06.91 Gold medal icon.svg
100 m freestyle – S9 1:06.30 9 Did not advance
Melissa Stockwell 1:09.55 17 Did not advance
Elizabeth Stone 1:05.06 4 Q 1:04.86 6
100 m freestyle – S10 Anna Eames 1:03.58 3 Q 1:01.91 Bronze medal icon.svg
Ashley Owens 1:03.59 4 Q 1:01.57 WR Gold medal icon.svg
Susan Beth Scott 1:02.93 2 Q 1:02.33 4
100 m freestyle – S13 Kelley Becherer 1:00.27 1 Q 1:00.46 Bronze medal icon.svg
200 m freestyle – S5 3:44.56 12 Did not advance
Aimee Bruder 3:57.63 15 Did not advance
400 m freestyle – S6 6:49.80 10 Did not advance
Miranda Uhl 6:00.34 3 Q 5:55.64 4
400 m freestyle – S7 Deborah Gruen 6:05.90 10 Did not advance
Cortney Jordan 5:31.27 1 Q 5:21.01 Silver medal icon.svg
Erin Popovich 5:34.18 2 Q 5:17.41 PR Gold medal icon.svg
400 m freestyle – S8 Jessica Long 4:47.45 WR 1 Q 4:50.17 Gold medal icon.svg
400 m freestyle – S9 Melissa Stockwell 5:09.89 10 Did not advance
Elizabeth Stone 5:01.24 6 Q 4:46.53 4
400 m freestyle – S10 Anna Eames 4:52.77 7 Q 4:43.98 4
Ashley Owens 4:50.68 4 Q 4:38.11 Silver medal icon.svg
Susan Beth Scott 4:46.16 1 Q 4:39.44 Bronze medal icon.svg
400 m freestyle – S13 Kelley Becherer 4:42.18 2 Q 4:37.50 =Bronze medal icon.svg
50 m butterfly – S6 43.99 8 Q 42.35 6
Miranda Uhl 43.98 7 Q 42.50 7
50 m butterfly – S7 Deborah Gruen 49.19 13 Did not advance
Cortney Jordan 44.94 10 Did not advance
Erin Popovich 38.71 2 Q 37.87 Silver medal icon.svg
100 m butterfly – S8 Amanda Everlove 1:11.64 WR 1 Q 1:12.16 Silver medal icon.svg
Jessica Long 1:12.54 2 Q 1:11.96 Gold medal icon.svg
100 m butterfly – S9 1:17.15 14 Did not advance
Melissa Stockwell 1:22.09 18 Did not advance
Elizabeth Stone 1:14.99 10 Did not advance
100 m butterfly – S10 Anna Eames 1:09.26 1 Q 1:09.44 Gold medal icon.svg
Susan Beth Scott 1:15.11 6 Q 1:15.72 6
100 m butterfly – S13 Kelley Becherer 1:08.91 5 Q 1:08.38 6
100 m breaststroke – SB6 Deborah Gruen 1:46.76 4 Q 1:44.00 Bronze medal icon.svg
2:07.89 11 Did not advance
Miranda Uhl 1:50.80 5 Q 1:48.44 6
100 m breaststroke – SB7 Jessica Long N/A 1:38.60 Bronze medal icon.svg
Erin Popovich N/A 1:31.60 WR Gold medal icon.svg
100 m backstroke – S3 1:18.81 8 Q 1:17.97 8
100 m backstroke – S5 Marin Morrison DSQ Did not advance
100 m backstroke – S6 1:51.42 13 Did not advance
Miranda Uhl 1:41.74 6 Q 1:40.44 8
100 m backstroke – S7 Cortney Jordan 1:30.14 5 Q 1:26.57 4
100 m backstroke – S8 Amanda Everlove DSQ Did not advance
Jessica Long 1:20.44 2 Q 1:19.56 Silver medal icon.svg
100 m backstroke – S9 Elizabeth Stone 1:13.52 4 Q 1:11.16 Silver medal icon.svg
100 m backstroke – S10 Susan Beth Scott 1:14.09 4 Q 1:13.97 4
100 m backstroke – S13 Kelley Becherer 1:13.06 3 Q 1:11.53 5
150 m individual medley – SM4 Aimee Bruder N/A 3:29.80 4
200 m individual medley – SM6 3:56.80 12 Did not advance
Miranda Uhl 3:16.95 PR 1 Q 3:13.05 WR Gold medal icon.svg
200 m individual medley – SM7 Deborah Gruen 3:29.16 7 Q 3:27.48 7
Cortney Jordan 3:15.89 2 Q 3:07.96 Bronze medal icon.svg
Erin Popovich 3:01.21 PR 1 Q 2:54.61 WR Gold medal icon.svg
200 m individual medley – SM8 Amanda Everlove 2:52.93 2 Q 2:50.51 Silver medal icon.svg
Jessica Long 2:42.56 WR 1 Q 2:41.85 WR Gold medal icon.svg
200 m individual medley – SM10 Anna Eames 2:43.21 4 Q 2:42.46 5
Susan Beth Scott 2:45.39 6 Q 2:43.99 6
200 m individual medley – SM13 Kelley Becherer N/A 2:32.21 4

Legend: Q – Qualifiers for the next round as decided on a time only basis. Ranks shown are overall rank against competitors in all heats; WR=World Record; PR=Paralympic Record

Table tennis[]

The United States sent four athletes (three men and one woman) to compete in Paralympic table tennis.[46]

Men
Athlete Event Group matches Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Bronze final
Opposition
Result
Rank[47] Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Tahl Leibovitz  Heijnen (NED)
W 3–0

  (FIN)
L 1–3

2 N/A Did not advance
  (GER)
W 3–1

  (GBR)
L 0–3

3 N/A Did not advance
Mitch Seidenfeld   (POL)
L 1–3

 Messi (FRA)
W 3–0
  (RSA)
W 3–0

1 N/A  Ye (CHN)
L 0–3
 Valera (ESP)
L 1–3
4
Tahl Leibovitz

Mitch Seidenfeld
N/A  Ukraine (UKR)
L 2–3
Did not advance
Women
Athlete Event Group matches Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Bronze final
Opposition
Result
Rank[47] Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Noga Nir-Kistler  Bessho (JPN)
L 1-3

 Nardelli (ITA)
L 1-3
 Abuawad (JOR)
L 0-3

4 N/A Did not advance

Volleyball[]

The U.S. women's sitting volleyball team upset world number one Netherlands in five sets to reach the gold medal match, where they lost to China for a silver medal.[48][49] The men's sitting volleyball team failed to qualify for the Paralympics after losing to Brazil at the 2007 Parapan American Games.[50]

Women's sitting volleyball

Squad list Preliminaries Semifinal Final Rank
Pool B Rank

Allison Aldrich
Heather Erickson
Alexandra Gouldie
Katryn Holloway
SuGui Kriss
Kendra Lancaster
Hope Lewellen
Brenda Maymon (captain)
Gina McWilliams
Nichole Millage
Kari Miller (libero)
Lora Webster Coach:

 Lithuania
W 3–0 (25–15,25–18,25–9)
2 Q  Netherlands
W 3–2 (19–25,25–23,28–26, 25–27, 15–10)
 China
L 0–3 (14–25,19–25,15–25)
Silver medal icon.svg
 China
L 0–3 (14–25,21–25,19–25)
 Latvia
W 3–0 (25–12,25–17,25–11)

Wheelchair basketball[]

The United States qualified for both men's and women's wheelchair basketball tournaments at the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation qualifying tournaments for the Americas.[51] The men's team finished in fourth place after losing to Great Britain in the bronze final. The women's team successfully defended their 2004 gold medal with a win over Germany.[52]

Men
Squad list Group stage
(Pool B)
Quarterfinal Semifinal
Final
(Bronze final)
Opposition
Result
Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
From:


Joe Chambers

Jeremy Lade
Matt Lesperance



Paul Schulte
Matt Scott
Steve Serio

Coach:

 Israel
W 76–53
2 Q  Iran
W 20–0*
 Canada
L 62–69
 Great Britain
L 77–85
4
 Brazil
W 87–41
 Great Britain
L 50–54
 China
W 97–38
 Australia
W 68–61

*Iran withdrew from its quarterfinal match against the United States on September 19, 2008.[53] The match had been rescheduled from 11:15am to 9:00am, but was changed without any logical reason according to the head of Iran's delegation.[54] As a result, the U.S. was awarded the win by the score of 20–0 and automatically advanced to the semi-finals.

Women
Squad list Group stage
(Pool A)
Quarterfinal Semifinal
Final
Opposition
Result
Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
From:

Sarah Castle
(captain)
Loraine Gonzales
Carlee Hoffman
Emily Hoskins

Rebecca Murray
Alana Nichols
Christina Ripp

Natalie Schneider
Stephanie Wheeler
Coach:

 Germany
W 42–38
1 Q  China
W 75–31
 Australia
W 60–47
 Germany
W 50–38
Gold medal icon.svg
 Australia
W 61–42
 Great Britain
W 56–31
 Brazil
W 68–38

Wheelchair fencing[]

The United States sent five athletes (four men and one woman) to compete in wheelchair fencing.[55]

Athlete Event Pool play Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
W–L Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Men's foil A 1–4 6 Did not advance
Men's saber A 3–3 4   (GRE)
L 8–15
Did not advance
Women's épée B 1–4 6 Did not advance
Women's foil B 0–5 6 Did not advance
Gerard Moreno Men's foil B 1–4 5 Did not advance
Men's saber B 0–5 6 Did not advance
Men's épée B 4–1 3   (USA)
W 15–2
  (BLR)
L 4–15
Did not advance
Men's foil B 2–3 4   (POL)
W 15–11
 Hu (CHN)
L 10–15
Did not advance
Men's épée B 2–3 4   (USA)
L 2–15
Did not advance
Men's saber B 0–5 6 Did not advance

Wheelchair rugby[]

At the Paralympics teams in the sport of wheelchair rugby are made up of mixed classification quadriplegic athletes of both sexes.[56] The United States qualified by winning the 2006 World Wheelchair Rugby Championships and went on to win its third gold medal since wheelchair rugby was introduced as a demonstration sport at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics.[57][58]

Squad list Group stage (Pool A) Semifinal Final
Opposition
Result
Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
From:


Will Groulx
Scott Hogsett


Seth McBride
Jason Regier
Nick Springer
Chance Sumner

Mark Zupan
Coach:

 
 China
W 65–30
 
1 Q  Great Britain
W 35–32
 Australia
W 53–44
Gold medal icon.svg
 
 Japan
W 44–37
 
 
 Canada
W 37–32
 

Wheelchair tennis[]

The American wheelchair tennis team consisted of nine players. , , Jon Rydberg and Stephen Welch competed in the men's events, Beth Arnoult and Kaitlyn Verfuerth competed in the women's events, and Brent Poppen, Nick Taylor and David Wagner competed in the mixed quadriplegic events. The tennis team was coached by , with as assistant coach, as team leader, and as the personal care assistant.[59] Taylor and Wagner successfully defended their title in mixed doubles, which they had won four years earlier at the 2004 Paralympics. The two men competed against each other in the bronze medal match of the mixed singles event, with Wagner prevailing.[60]

Athlete Event Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Men's singles   (BRA)
W 6–1, 6–3
 Gérard (BEL)
L 2–6, 0–6
Did not advance
Men's singles  Vink (NED)
L 0–6, 1–6
Did not advance
Jon Rydberg Men's singles   (AUT)
W 6–2, 6–0
  (SVK)
W 6–4, 6–3
 Kunieda (JPN)
L 1–6, 1–6
Did not advance
Stephen Welch Men's singles   (CHI)
W 6–1, 6–1
  (FRA)
W 6–1, 6–0
 Ammerlaan (NED)
L 2–6, 3–6
Did not advance
Beth Arnoult Women's singles N/A   (INA)
W 6–0, 6–0
  (BEL)
W 1–6, 6–3, 6–4
 Griffioen (NED)
L 3–6, 0–6
Did not advance
Kaitlyn Verfuerth Women's singles N/A   (RSA)
W 6–4, 6–0
 Walraven (NED)
L 1–6, 5–7
Did not advance
Brent Poppen Mixed singles N/A   (SWE)
L 2–6, 6–7
Did not advance
Nick Taylor Mixed singles N/A  Kramer (ISR)
W 6–3, 6–3
 Van Erp (NED)
W 1–6, 7–5, 7–6
 Norfolk (GBR)
L 0–6, 3–6
 Wagner (USA)
L 2–6, 6–4, 1–6
4
David Wagner Mixed singles N/A  Hunter (CAN)
W 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
 Weinberg (ISR)
W 6–2, 6–2
  (SWE)
L 4–6, 6–2, 3–6
 Taylor (USA)
W 6–2, 4–6, 6–1
Bronze medal icon.svg

Men's doubles N/A  /
 (CAN)
W 7–6, 3–6, 6–4
 Olsson/
Wikstrom (SWE)
L 1–6, 4–6
Did not advance
Jon Rydberg
Stephen Welch
Men's doubles N/A  /
 (CHN)
W 6–4, 6–7, 6–1
 Scheffers/
Vink (NED)
L 3–6, 1–6
Did not advance
Beth Arnoult
Kaitlyn Verfuerth
Women's doubles N/A Bye  Shuker/
Whiley (GBR)
W 5–7, 7–5, 6–2
 Griffioen/
Vergeer (NED)
L 2–6, 1–6
 Gravellier/
Racineux (FRA)
L 7–5, 3–6, 2–6
4
Nick Taylor
David Wagner
Mixed doubles N/A Bye  /
Van Erp (NED)
W 6–3, 6–4
 Kramer/
Weinberg (ISR)
W 6–0, 4–6, 6–2
Gold medal icon.svg

Media coverage[]

U.S. coverage of the 2008 Paralympic Games was provided by the Universal Sports Television Network. Daily live and delayed highlight shows as well as coverage of the opening and closing ceremonies was available on-demand at UniversalSports.com from September 6–17.[61] Daily video highlights were also available at the official website of the U.S. Paralympic Team, usparalympics.org.[8] The Universal Sports television broadcast began on October 8, followed by seven days of three-hour segments of coverage and a special presentation highlighting the events that was broadcast by NBC on October 18. A 90-minute documentary was presented by NBC on November 9, and was followed by another broadcast of the Games on Universal Sports from November 10–16.[62]

See also[]

  • 2008 Summer Paralympics
  • United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics

References[]

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