Unrecognized ethnic groups in China

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A number of ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized.[1] Taken together, these groups (Chinese: 未识别民族; pinyin: wèi shíbié mínzú) would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China,[1] compared to 56 groups are officially recognized. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of larger ethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like the Hui of Xinjiang with the Hui of Fujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam. Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as in Gansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilated Tangut civilization.[citation needed] Although they are indigenous to Hainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Limgao (Ong-Be) people near the capital (8% of the population) are counted as Han Chinese[citation needed].

List[]

Notable unrecognized ethnic groups include:

English Name
 Mandarin Pinyin
 Simplified Chinese
 Population Classified in census as ..... Territory Details
Bunu Bù nǔ rén 布努人 700,000 Yao Guangxi [2]
Chuanqing Chuān qīng rén 穿青人 670,000 Han Liupanshui/Zhijin County, Bijie Prefecture, Guizhou The Chuanqings, however, view themselves as a distinct people group. Most of them live in Anshun area of Guizhou province. Other locals call the Chuanqings "Da Jiao Ban" (Big Foot) or "Da Xiuzi" (Big Sleeves). Uniquely, they worship a god called Wuxian (五显).
Lín gāo rén 临高人 500,000 [3] Han or Zhuang Hainan[4] Some have chosen to register as Zhuang, while the majority of them registered as Han.[5][6]
Waxiang Kǔcōng rén 瓦乡人 400,000[7] Han Yuanling County, Yongding, Yongshun County of Hunan Many of the Waxiang people are designated as Miao, while some are designated as Tujia or Han
Torghut Tǔ ěr hù tè 土尔扈特 150,000[8][unreliable source?] Mongols Xinjiang [9]
Gyalrong 嘉絨人 120,000 Tibetan Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Speakers of the Gyalrong language related to Qiang
Limin Lǐ mín rén 里民人 100,000 Li Anshun/Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Part of the Chuanqing people. Not related to the Li people of Hainan.
Gejia Gé jiā rén 克木族 50,000 Miao Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou
Äynu Ài nǔ rén 艾努 人 50,000 Uyghur Moyu/Hetian/Luopu/Shache/Shule/Yingjisha Counties, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Ethnically and linguistically distinct, speak Äynu language (Siberian Turkic subfamily) and adhere Shia Islam (Alevism).
Caijia Cài jiā rén 蔡家人 40,000 Han or Bai Guizhou Caijia people's language is said to be relative of Bai language.
Muxi Mù lǎo rén 木佬人 30,000 Yi Majiang/Kaili/Huangping (Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture), Duyun/Fuquan (Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), Guizhou and Chun'an County, Zhejiang Their language Muyu language belongs to the Kra language group, close to the proverb, but because he is close to Gelao they are being classified into the Yi.
Mojia Mò jiā rén 莫家人 20,000 Bouyei[10] Libo County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou They speak Mak language (Kam-Sui)
Baima Bái mǎ rén 白马人 15,000 Tibetan Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan and Wen County, Gansu The Baima people are said to be the descendants of Di (氐) people
Utsul Huíhuī rén 回辉人 8,500 Hui Hainan The Utsuls are thought to be descendants of Cham refugees who fled their homeland of Champa in Vietnam
Khmu 克木族 7000 Bulang Xishuangbanna, Yunnan
Guge Gǔ gé rén 古格人 5,000 Hui (Qinghai), Tibetan (Yunnan) Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai, Deqen/Weixi Counties, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan and Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region It is distributed in Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai Province, Shangri-La, Deqin, Weixi County, and Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The Guge people are culturally coordinated and adapted to be compatible with and preserve multi-ethnic culture. Suddenly retain the characteristics of the Hui culture, forming a unique nation.
Akha Ā kǎ rén 阿卡人 6,000 Hani Jinghong/Jinghan/Qilong town (Jinghong County), Bulangshan town (Menghai County) and Qilun town (Mengla County), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan The Akha claimed to be "over gram", and Akha was the name of the Yi people (meaning "slaves").
Bisu Bì sū rén 毕苏人 6,000 Some are classified as Lahu while those who live in Menghai County are counted as "undistinguished nationalities" Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan
Lemo Lēi mò rén 勒墨人 7,000 Bai and Lisu Lushui County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan They are results of intermarriage between Tai Mao (Dehong Dai/Shan) and Lisu peoples.
Altaians Oirot rén several thousand Mongolian

Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang[11]

Tuvans Tú wǎ rén 图瓦人 3,900 Mongolian Far north of Xinjiang[12][13] Only around 2,000 Tuvan speakers left.
布赓人 2,700 Yi Southern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Speakers of the Bugan language
Pakan Bù gēng rén 布赓人 2,000 Yi Wennan, Xiqiao. Wenshan, Yunnan
Buyang 布央人 2,000 Yao, Zhuang Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan and Napo County, Guangxi They are closely related to the Laha, Qabiao, Gelao, and Lachi.
Deng Chēng rén 僜人 2,000 May be classified as Tibetan Zayu County, Linzhi (Nyingchi), Tibet Autonomous Region They speak various Mishmi languages (including Kaman/Miju and Idu Mishmi language).
Bolyu 巴琉 1,800 Longlin County, Guangxi Also known as Lai
Kunge Kūn gé rén 昆格人 1,656 (338 households) Blang Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan The custom of the Kunge is different from that of the general Blang. The unique special day has the Dragon and the Dragon Festival. The Dragon Column is an iron festival. The time is in the solar calendar in February. During the festival, you must kill the cows, burn the bonfire, and worship the ancestors.
Bajia Bā jiǎ rén 八甲人 1,500 Blang and Yi Yu'a/Yucha Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Distributed in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Those who mixed with Blang are being classified as Blang peoples while those who unmixed are being classified as Yi peoples (this happened on 2011 after approval by Chinese National Civil Affairs Commission and the Yunnan Provincial Government).
Fuyu Kyrgyz 富裕柯尔克孜语 1,400 Kyrgyz Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Kyrgyz, closely related to the ancient Yenisei Kyrgyz and modern Khakas in Siberia.
Keriya Kè lǐ yǎ rén 克里雅人 1,300 Uyghur Yutian/Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang The Keriya people are said to be descendants of the Tibet Aliguge dynasty. Another is said to be a desert indigenous people living here. The natural environment determines the life style of the Keriya people in the deep Taklimakan Desert. It still retains the simple and pure folk customs. Culture and a more primitive way of life. Most of them lived together for generations. The elderly at home are the most respected elders. The tribes rarely marry outsiders. They are called "the primitive tribes in the desert."
Manmi Màn mī rén 曼咪人 1,000 Blang Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Manmi people have their own language, Man Met which belongs to the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) language group, and the Manmi people's housing, costumes, religious beliefs, and festivals are similar to the Yi people, but the ethnic group is classified as the Blang ethnic group. Now, Manmi people hope to be counted as an independent nation.
Kaifeng Jews Kāifēng yóutài zú 开封犹太人 600 - 1,000[14] Hui or Han Kaifeng, Henan Descendants of Jewish silk road traders.
Kangjia Kāng jiā rén 康家人 500-600 Hui Jainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai The Kangjia people s has its own language, Kangjia language. It belongs to the Mongolian language group. The lifestyle is mixed with the Hui and Tu nationalities. Therefore, the Kangjia peoples now consider themselves to be an independent nationalities, which is not the same as the surrounding people.
Mang Mǎng rén 莽人 568 Blang Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan
Tomao Tuō mào rén 托茂人 500 Hui Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and Zhidoi County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Muslim minority distributed in Qinghai and Xinjiang,[15] with its own unique customs, using Tomo language (a Mongolian mixed Arabic and Persian vocabulary).
Qabiao 布标族 302 Yi Malipo County, Yunnan Also known in Vietnam as the Pu Peo
Laopin Lǎo pǐn rén 老品人 233 (in 52 households) May be classified as Dai Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan The Lao Ping ethnics call themselves "old products", also known as "card products." Old people retain their own language, such as eating for "Tangza", housing for "crowding", and fluent slang. The old-fashioned housing is a Chinese-style bungalow. A unique original religion, with temples and godless statues, is held every year in the whole village.
Laomian Lǎo miǎn rén 老緬人 233 (in 52 households) Lahu Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan The Laomian has nothing to do with the Burmese. The Laomian people is a cross-border ethnic group distributed in the border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In China, Laojia Dazhai in Zhutang Township of Mula County and Miaohai Village in Menghai County of Mianhai County are the main settlements.
Daman 达曼人 200 Tibetan Gyirong County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet They are popularly believed to be descendants of the Nepalese Gurkha army
Caizu Cài zú rén 菜族人 170 (in 32 households) Han Unknown
Ili Turks Zhonghua Minzu 土尔克人,
土爾克人		 120[16] Uzbek, Uyghur Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northern Xinjiang Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Uyghurs
Ongkor Wēng kuò rén 翁阔人 20 Evenki Yining County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang It is said that Ongkor is the smallest ethnic group in China. The 1993 survey showed that there were only 20 people.
Tanka 疍家人 Han Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan Thought to have Baiyue origins. Traditionally boat people who lived by the sea, they were sometimes referred to as "sea gypsies".
Dolan 刀朗人 Uyghur Awat County, Xinjiang
Kucong Kǔcōng rén 苦聪人 Lahu Yunnan

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Shih, Chih-yu; Shi, Zhiyu (2002). Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state. Psychology Press. ISBN 0415283728.
  2. ^ "布努瑶雷公庙的文化内涵解读". www.pacilution.com. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
  3. ^ 中国地理 (in Chinese). 中国人民大学书报资料社. 1986.
  4. ^ Hua nan shi fan da xue xue bao: Journal of South China Normal University. She hui ke xue ban (in Chinese). 华南师范大学学报编辑部. 1983.
  5. ^ 施联朱 (2005). 中国的民族识别: 56个民族的来历 (in Chinese). 民族出版社. ISBN 978-7-105-06613-1.
  6. ^ 東南文化 (in Chinese). 江苏古籍出版社. 1987.
  7. ^ Xing-Lu, L. I. U. "An Exploration of Hunting Custom of the Waxiang People in Xiangxi." Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences Edition) 30.5 (2009): 49.
  8. ^ 网易 (2020-09-04). "解读：美国为何会有3200名土尔扈特人？他们是怎么到的美国？". www.163.com. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  9. ^ 民族硏究 (in Chinese). 中国人民大学书报资料中心. 1999.
  10. ^ 杨通銀 (2000). 莫语硏究 (in Chinese). 中央民族大学出版社. ISBN 978-7-81056-427-4.
  11. ^ Olson, James S. (1998). "Altai". An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. pp. 9–11. ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
  12. ^ Mongush, M. V. (1996). "Tuvans of Mongolia and China". International Journal of Central Asian Studies (1): 225–243.
  13. ^ Pirkko Suihkonen; Lindsay J. Whaley (15 December 2014). On Diversity and Complexity of Languages Spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 340. ISBN 978-90-272-6936-2.
  14. ^ "Taking the Silk Route Back Home". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  15. ^ Shi jie zong jiao yan jiu (in Chinese). 1990.
  16. ^ "Ili Turki". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2019-06-06.

Further reading[]

External links[]

Retrieved from ""