Voiceless labiodental plosive

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Voiceless labiodental plosive
ȹ
IPA Number101 408
Encoding
Entity (decimal)p​̪
Unicode (hex)U+0070 U+032A
X-SAMPAp_d
Braille⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

The voiceless labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [p], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f]. This can be represented in the IPA as ⟨⟩. A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that was occasionally seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the qp ligature ⟨ȹ⟩.[1]

The voiceless labiodental plosive is possibly not phonemic in any language, though see the entry on Shubi. However, it does occur allophonically. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, [p̪͡f] and [b̪͡v] (that is, [ȹ͡f] and [ȸ͡v]), which unlike the bilabial-labiodental affricate [p͡f] of German, are purely labiodental.

Features[]

Voiceless labiodental plosive.svg

Features of the voiceless labiodental stop:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
  • Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the centrallateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Varieties[]

IPA Description
plain p̪
p̪ʰ aspirated
p̪ʲ palatalized
p̪ʷ labialized
p̪̚ p̪ with no audible release
p̪̌ voiced
p̪ʼ ejective

Occurrence[]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Greek σάπφειρος [ˈsap̪firo̞s̠] 'sapphire' See Modern Greek phonology

See also[]

  • List of phonetics topics

References[]

  1. ^ Peter, Ladefoged; Ian, Maddieson. The sounds of the world's languages. Blackwell Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9780631198147.

External links[]

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