WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children

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For the adult list, see WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children[1] or EMLc[1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.[2]

The list is divided into core items and complementary items.[3] The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources.[3] The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio.[3]

The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is in its 7th edition as of 2019.[3][4]

Note: An α indicates a medicine is only on the complementary list.[3]

Anaesthetics[]

General anaesthetics and oxygen[]

Inhalational medicines[]

Injectable medicines[]

Local anaesthetics[]

  • Bupivacaine
  • Lidocaine
  • Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine)

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures[]

  • Atropine
  • Midazolam
  • Morphine

Medical gases[]

Medicines for pain and palliative care[]

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)[]

A line drawing of a hexagon with two attachments
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin
  • Ibuprofen
  • Paracetamol[note 3] (acetaminophen)

Opioid analgesics[]

Medicines for other symptoms common in palliative care[]

Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis[]

Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings[]

Non-specific[]

Specific[]

Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics[]

Anti-infective medicines[]

Antihelminthics[]

Intestinal antihelminthics[]

A hexagon joined to a polygon with two attachments to this double ringed structure
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole

Antifilarials[]

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines[]

Antibiotics[]

Access group antibiotics[]

Watch group antibiotics[]

Reserve group antibiotics[]

Antileprosy medicines[]

Antituberculosis medicines[]

A small pile of white crystals
Pure crystals of ethambutol

Antifungal medicines[]

Antiviral medicines[]

Antiherpes medicines[]

  • Aciclovir

Antiretrovirals[]

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors[]
  • Abacavir (ABC)
  • Lamivudine (3TC)
  • Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors[]
Protease inhibitors[]
Two dark blue capsules with writing on them
Two capsules of atazanavir
Integrase inhibitors[]
Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections[]

Other antivirals[]

Antihepatitis medicines[]

Medicines for hepatitis B[]
Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors[]
  • Entecavir
Medicines for hepatitis C[]

No listings in this section.

Antiprotozoal medicines[]

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines[]

Antileishmaniasis medicines[]

Antimalarial medicines[]

For curative treatment[]
For chemoprevention[]

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines[]

Antitrypanosomal medicines[]

African trypanosomiasis[]
1st stage[]
2nd stage[]
American trypanosomiasis[]

Medicines for ectoparasitic infections[]

  • Ivermectin

Antimigraine medicines[]

For treatment of acute attack[]

  • Ibuprofen
  • Paracetamol

For prophylaxis[]

  • Propranolol

Immunomodulators and Antineoplastics[]

Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease[]

Antineoplastic and supportive medicines[]

Cytotoxic medicines[]

Targeted therapies[]

Immunomodulators[]

Hormones and antihormones[]

Supportive medicines[]

Antiparkinsonism[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines affecting the blood[]

Antianaemia medicines[]

Medicines affecting coagulation[]

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies[]

Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes[]

Blood and blood components[]

A straw coloured liquid inside a clear plastic bag
Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma

Plasma-derived medicines[]

Human immunoglobulins[]

Blood coagulation factors[]

Plasma substitutes[]

Cardiovascular medicines[]

Antianginal medicines[]

No listings in this section.

Antiarrhythmic medicines[]

No listings in this section.

Antihypertensive medicines[]

Medicines used in heart failure[]

Antithrombotic medicines[]

No listings in this section.

Lipid-lowering agents[]

No listings in this section.

Dermatological medicines (topical)[]

Antifungal medicines[]

Anti-infective medicines[]

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines[]

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation[]

Scabicides and pediculicides[]

Diagnostic agents[]

Ophthalmic medicines[]

Radiocontrast media[]

Disinfectants and antiseptics[]

Antiseptics[]

Disinfectants[]

  • Alcohol based hand rub
  • Chlorine base compound
  • Chloroxylenol
  • Glutaral

Diuretics[]

Gastrointestinal medicines[]

Antiulcer medicines[]

  • Omeprazole
  • Ranitidine

Antiemetic medicines[]

Anti-inflammatory medicines[]

No listings in this section.

Laxatives[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines used in diarrhoea[]

Oral rehydration[]

  • Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea[]

Medicines for endocrine disorders[]

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes[]

Androgens[]

No listings in this section.

Estrogens[]

No listings in this section.

Progestogens[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines for diabetes[]

Insulins[]

  • Insulin injection (soluble)
  • Intermediate-acting insulin

Oral hypoglycaemic agents[]

  • Metforminα

Medicines for hypoglycaemia[]

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines[]

Immunologicals[]

Diagnostic agents[]

  • Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera and immunoglobulins[]

Vaccines[]

A small vial with writing on it being removed from a cardboard package
A vial of oral cholera vaccine

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors[]

Ophthalmological preparations[]

Anti-infective agents[]

Anti-inflammatory agents[]

Local anaesthetics[]

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines[]

No listings in this section.

Mydriatics[]

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care[]

Contraceptives[]

No listings in this section.

Ovulation inducers[]

No listings in this section.

Uterotonics[]

No listings in this section.

Antioxytocics (tocolytics)[]

No listings in this section.

Other medicines administered to the mother[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines administered to the neonate[]

Peritoneal dialysis solution[]

  • Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)α

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders[]

Medicines used in psychotic disorders[]

  • Chlorpromazineα
  • Haloperidolα

Medicines used in mood disorders[]

Medicines used in depressive disorders[]

  • Fluoxetineα

Medicines used in bipolar disorders[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines for anxiety disorders[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use[]

No listings in this section.

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract[]

Antiasthmatic medicines[]

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances[]

Oral[]

Parenteral[]

Miscellaneous[]

Vitamins and minerals[]

Ear, nose and throat medicines[]

Medicines for diseases of joints[]

Medicines used to treat gout[]

No listings in this section.

Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders[]

Juvenile joint diseases[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
  2. ^ No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation.
  3. ^ Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect.
  4. ^ Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone.
  5. ^ There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications.
  6. ^ as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial or generalized seizures.
  7. ^ for buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available
  8. ^ cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability.
  9. ^ Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
  10. ^ single agent trimethoprim may be an alternative for lower urinary tract infection.
  11. ^ also listed for single-dose treatment of trachoma and yaws.
  12. ^ 3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalised neonates.
  13. ^ Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinaemia.
  14. ^ erythromycin may be an alternative
  15. ^ For treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) only
  16. ^ Prothionamide may be used as an alternative.
  17. ^ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, acute invasive aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, mycoses caused by T. marneffei and chromoblastomycosis; and prophylaxis of histoplasmosis and infections caused by T. marneffei in AIDS patients.
  18. ^ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and acute invasive aspergillosis.
  19. ^ for use in second-line regimens in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines
  20. ^ For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers only.
  21. ^ Severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients
  22. ^ For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr).
  23. ^ To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
  24. ^ For use in the management of severe malaria.
  25. ^ Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
  26. ^ To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
  27. ^ Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
  28. ^ For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
  29. ^ For use only in combination with quinine.
  30. ^ To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
  31. ^ Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days.
  32. ^ For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
  33. ^ Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
  34. ^ For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
  35. ^ For use only in combination with chloroquine.
  36. ^ For the treatment of 1st and 2nd stage of human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
  37. ^ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
  38. ^ To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
  39. ^ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
  40. ^ Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
  41. ^ including quality-assured biosimilars
  42. ^ including quality-assured biosimilars
  43. ^ the square box applies to epoetin alfa, beta and theta, darbepoetin alfa, and their respective biosimilars
  44. ^ Alternatives are limited to nadroparin and dalteparin
  45. ^ Deferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.
  46. ^ Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.
  47. ^ In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
  48. ^ carbimazole is an alternative depending on local availability.
  49. ^ for use in patients for whom alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available
  50. ^ Exact type to be defined locally.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b c Recommended for certain regions
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Recommended for some high-risk populations
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b c Recommended for immunisation programmes with certain characteristics
  54. ^ Infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  55. ^ Or homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride).
  56. ^ Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
  57. ^ For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines". World Health Organization. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  2. ^ "Essential medicines". World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines for children: 7th list 2019. Geneva. hdl:10665/325772. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.07. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  4. ^ World Health Organization (2019). Executive summary: the selection and use of essential medicines 2019: report of the 22nd WHO Expert Committee on the selection and use of essential medicines. Geneva. hdl:10665/325773. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.05. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Further reading[]

  • World Health Organization (2015). The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/189763. ISBN 9789240694941. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 994.
  • World Health Organization (2017). The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/259481. ISBN 978-92-4-121015-7. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 1006.
  • World Health Organization (2019). The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 2019 (including the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 7th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/330668. ISBN 9789241210300. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;1021.

External links[]

eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List

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